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    Dyeing Faults

    Uploaded by

    Mehedi Hassan Evan
    The document discusses common dyeing faults that can occur when dyeing fabrics, their potential causes, and remedies. It identifies nine main types of dyeing faults including uneven dyeing, poor colorfastness, spots and marks on the fabric. For each fault, the key causes are outlined such as inadequate pretreatment, dye instability, or improper dyeing conditions. Recommended remedies are also provided such as selecting more stable dyes, optimizing the dyeing process, or improving pretreatment of the fabric. The goal is to understand dyeing faults and how to prevent or correct them to improve the quality and color consistency of dyed fabrics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Dyeing Faults

    Uploaded by

    Mehedi Hassan Evan
    294 views10 pages
    The document discusses common dyeing faults that can occur when dyeing fabrics, their potential causes, and remedies. It identifies nine main types of dyeing faults including uneven dyeing, poor colorfastness, spots and marks on the fabric. For each fault, the key causes are outlined such as inadequate pretreatment, dye instability, or improper dyeing conditions. Recommended remedies are also provided such as selecting more stable dyes, optimizing the dyeing process, or improving pretreatment of the fabric. The goal is to understand dyeing faults and how to prevent or correct them to improve the quality and color consistency of dyed fabrics.

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    Textile

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    The document discusses common dyeing faults that can occur when dyeing fabrics, their potential causes, and remedies. It identifies nine main types of dyeing faults including uneven dyeing, poor colorfastness, spots and marks on the fabric. For each fault, the key causes are outlined such as inadequate pretreatment, dye instability, or improper dyeing conditions. Recommended remedies are also provided such as selecting more stable dyes, optimizing the dyeing process, or improving pretreatment of the fabric. The goal is to understand dyeing faults and how to prevent or correct them to improve the quality and color consistency of dyed fabrics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    294 views10 pages

    Dyeing Faults

    Uploaded by

    Mehedi Hassan Evan
    The document discusses common dyeing faults that can occur when dyeing fabrics, their potential causes, and remedies. It identifies nine main types of dyeing faults including uneven dyeing, poor colorfastness, spots and marks on the fabric. For each fault, the key causes are outlined such as inadequate pretreatment, dye instability, or improper dyeing conditions. Recommended remedies are also provided such as selecting more stable dyes, optimizing the dyeing process, or improving pretreatment of the fabric. The goal is to understand dyeing faults and how to prevent or correct them to improve the quality and color consistency of dyed fabrics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 10
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are about common dyeing faults, their causes, and remedies.

    Common dyeing faults include unevenness, cloudy dyeing, pale areas, issues with reproducibility, problems with fastness properties, and spots/marks.

    Causes of uneven dyeing can include dyeing conditions, material properties like barrenness, and other issues like skitterness or listing.

    DY E I N G

    FAU LT S &
    REMEDIES

    THEIR

    DYEING FAULTS :
    The faults which are visible after dyeing are called Dyeing
    faults . These faults descries the quality of the fabrics . So to overcome from
    this faults we have to know the causes and the remedies of these dyeing
    faults .

    TYPES OF FAULTS
    Dyeing faults can be described on the following basic things
    1.
    i.
    ii.
    iii.
    2.
    i.
    3.
    i.
    ii.
    iii.
    4.
    i.
    ii.
    iii.
    iv.
    5.
    i.
    ii.
    6.
    i.
    ii.
    iii.
    iv.
    v.

    Unlevelness(due to dyeing conditions)


    Ending problems
    Cloudy dyeing
    Pale areas
    Unlevelness(due to material)
    Barriness
    Unlevelness(due to other reasons)
    Skitterness
    Listing
    Pale areas after dyeing
    Reproducibility
    Deviation of shade
    Dyeing too pale
    Precipitates in the dyebath
    Change of shade
    Fastness properties
    Unexpectedly poor light fastness
    Unexpectedly poor wet and rub fastness
    Spots, marks
    Precipitates in the dyebath
    Singeing droplets
    Change of shade (e.g. blue spots in brilliant red shades)
    Dark spots
    Specks

    vi.
    7.
    i.
    ii.
    iii.
    iv.
    v.
    vi.
    vii.
    viii.
    8.
    i.
    ii.
    iii.
    iv.
    9.
    i.
    ii.
    iii.
    iv.
    v.
    vi.
    vii.
    viii.
    ix.

    Dirt spots
    Appearance of the goods
    Dimensional stability (shrinkage)
    Creasing
    Chafe marks
    Stitch distortion (knits)
    Moire effects (on beam)
    Lustre
    Handle
    Pilling (staple fibres)
    Other problems
    Difficulty with heavy shades on fine denier yarn
    Soiling of machine
    Frosting on goods
    Poor running of material in subsequent processing
    Thermosol dyeing problems
    Listing
    Two-sidedness
    Dark or pale selvedges
    Barry dyeings
    Spots, specks
    Ending
    Pale points of intersection
    Foam formation
    Frosting

    CAUSES & REMEDIES OF FAULTS

    1. Unevenness(due to dyeing conditions)


    Ending Problems

    Causes

    Remedies

    - unstable dye dispersion

    - select dyes with better dispersion stability, use


    efficient dispersants

    - unsuitable dye combination

    pay attention to uniform dye behavior

    - wrong dyeing program

    - Optimum dyeing process


    Optimizing a dyeing process means adjusting
    the process parameters in such a way that the
    entire operation takes place in the shortest
    possible time without exceeding the tolerance
    limits with regard to reproducibility and
    levelness. This means rapid heating in the
    temperature ranges in which the dye exhausts

    slowly or is already exhausted; controlled


    heating when the dye exhibits a particularly high
    rate of exhaustion.
    2. Cloudy dyeing
    Causes

    Remedies

    - inadequate pretreatment

    - select optimum conditions and chemicals

    - channeling due to irregular winding

    - pay particular attention to winding of the material

    - poor circulation of the goods due to


    interruptions, knots, etc.

    - adjust the machine more carefully

    - too much foam in the dyebath

    - use antifoamers, e.g. Antimussol brands

    3. Pale areas

    Causes

    Remedies

    - inadequate pretreatment

    - select optimum conditions and chemicals

    - air pockets in the material


    (e.g. cheeses)

    - use special chemicals, e.g. wetting agent / defoamer


    combinations, or greater pressure

    2. Unlevelness(due to material)
    1. Barriness
    Causes

    Remedies

    - variations in temperature during fibre - adapt dye selection


    manufacture(texturizing), draft
    - select higher dyeing temperature
    differences
    - select suitable carriers and chemicals
    - possibly set fibres at a higher temperature (Caution!)
    - variations in the density of the
    material (weaving, knitting)

    - relax material thoroughly

    3. Unevenness(due to other reasons)


    1. Skitterness
    Causes

    Remedies

    - inadequate pretreatment
    (e.g. desizing)
    - fibres of different origins in the
    material

    - pay attention to perfect pretreatment


    - pay particular attention to the appropriate dyeing
    process and program

    - inadequate penetration
    (paler points of intersection)
    - poorer solidity on both components
    of fibre blends
    - irregular thread tension during
    weaving or warp knitting
    2. Listing
    Causes

    Remedies

    - inconsistent setting temperature

    - select special dyes (small-molecule)

    - irregular tension in the material due


    to weaving or warp knitting

    - relax material thoroughly

    - poorly wound material

    - pay particular attention to winding

    - rolled in selvedges due to irregular


    - set the goods
    tension in the material (weaving, warp - size the selvedges
    knitting)
    - check the weaving or knitting machine
    3. Pale areas after dyeing
    Causes
    - effect of aggressive vapors
    (e.g. acid, chlorite, formaldehyde)

    Remedies
    - efficient ventilation of vapors and gases
    - avoid contact with dangerous substances

    4. Reproducibility
    1. Deviation of shade
    Causes

    Remedies

    - dye sensitivity to hydrolysis,


    reduction, electrolyte

    - select dyes carefully, control pH exactly


    (buffer system)
    - pay attention to stability of dye to electrolytes

    - dye sensitivity to metal ions in the


    dyebath

    - use suitable sequestering agent

    - dyes of different chemical

    - pay particular attention to selection of dyes and

    constitution affect each ocher (rare)

    chemicals

    - dye buildup affected by chemicals


    (retarding effect)

    - carry out lab tests

    - different dyeing programs

    - pay attention to consistent dyeing conditions

    - different liquor ratios


    - dye shows differences in standard
    conformity

    - check supplies

    - unsuitable dye combination

    - pay attention to behaviour of individual elements

    - sedimentation of liquid dyes

    - stir before removal from container

    - bath exhaustion affected by reserve


    of adjacent fibre

    - adapt dye selection and process

    2. Dyeing too pale


    Causes
    - different buildup of dye on
    different materials

    Remedies
    - carry out preliminary tests with material

    3. Precipitates in the
    dyebath
    Causes

    Remedies

    - chemicals affect each other's - pay attention to chemical selection


    action
    - dyeing produced at too low
    temperature

    - check and adjust dyeing conditions

    - dyeing time too short


    - unstable chemicals

    - pay attention to chemical selection


    4. Change of shade

    Causes

    Remedies

    -unfinished diffusion due to insufficient - check and adjust dyeing conditions


    dyeing time at too low temperature
    - inadequate sublimation fastness of
    dye

    - pay attention to dye selection

    5. Fastness properties
    1. Unexpectedly poor light fastness
    Causes

    Remedies

    - carrier residues on fabric


    (inadequate thermofixation)

    - repeat thermofixation (at higher temperature)

    - stained adjacent fibre

    - adapt dyeing process, select appropriate dyes

    - catalytic fading due to unsuitable dye


    combination

    - adjust dye selection

    2. Unexpectedly poor wet and rub fastness


    Causes

    Remedies

    - thermomigration due to finishing and - adjust dye and chemical selection


    softening chemicals
    - inadequate dye fixation due to too
    short dyeing time or too low fixation
    temperature

    - optimize dyeing process, reduction clear

    - stained adjacent fibre

    - improve dyeing process

    6. Spots, marks
    1. Precipitates in the dyebath
    Causes
    - dye precipitates due to
    poordispersion or dyes with poor
    dispersion stability

    Remedies
    - pay special attention to dispersing instructions
    - pay attention to dye selection (dispersion stability)
    - use dispersants

    - dye crystallization due to variations in - pay attention to perfect liquor circulation


    temperature in the dyebath
    - coloured spots due to dye deposits
    on the machine

    - pay attention to cleanness in the machine

    - use of volatile carriers

    - select suitable carriers, use overhead heating in the


    machine

    - silicones in the dyebath

    - use silicone-free defoamers

    - unstable chemicals

    - select suitable chemicals

    - oil and spinning preparations

    - thorough pretreatment

    - oligomers in the dyebath

    - drop dyebath hot, shorter dyeing time, use special


    chemicals

    2. Singeing droplets
    Causes

    Remedies

    - as a result of singeing before - singe after dyeing


    dyeing, fibre tips exhibit
    higher affinity for dyes

    3. Change of shade (e.g. blue spots in brilliant red shades)

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