CO -UNIT- I

BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER

Assignment-1
1. What is a computer? What are the different types computers and
explain?Explain Functional units?
2. Explain Functional units?
3.Explain the terms computer architecture, computer organization and computer
design in a detailed fashion ?
4.Describe Von Neumann and Harward architecture.
5. Explain Bus structures ?
6. Explain the terms compiler, linker, assembler, loader and describe how a C
program or any other high level language program is executed in a system.
Indicate entire process with a figure
7. Explain about various buses such as internal, external, backplane, I/O, system,
address , data, synchronous and asynchronous ?
8.List the steps needed to execute the machine instruction Add LOCA,R0 In terms
of transfers between the components and some simple control commands.
Assume that the instruction itself is stored in the memory at location INSTR and
that this address is initially in register PC.
9.What are the different performance measures used to represent a computer
system's performance
10. Explain Amdhal's law.
11. Explain about MIPS, FLOPS rating of a processor.
12. Compare multiprocessors and multicomputers.
13.Convert the following numbers with the indicated bases to decimal
A) 12121 to the base 3
B) 4310 to the base 5
C) 50 to the base 7
D) 167 to the base 8
14. Convert the decimal numbers to the bases indicate
I. 7252 to octal
II. 1938 to hexa decimal
15.(a) Explain about sign magnitude and 2s complement approaches for
representing the fixed point numbers. Why 2s complement is preferable.
(b) Give means to identify whether or not an overflow has occurred in 2s
complement addition or subtraction operations. Take one example for each possible
situation and explain. Assume 4 bit registers
16Represent 32.75 and 18.125 in single precision IEEE 754 Representation.

17. (a) Find out what are the actual values of the following IEEE 754 single precision
number.
i. Sign=0, exponent=all 1s and fraction field is not 0.
ii. Sign=0, exponent=all 0s and fraction field is 0.
iii. Sign=1, exponent=all 1s and fraction field is 0.
iv. Sign=0, exponent=1000 0001, fraction=1100 0000 0000 0000 0000 000
18. Distinguish between error detection and correction codes. What do you understand
by odd parity and even parity?. What is odd function and even function?. To calculate
odd and even parity values which functions can be used? Calculate Odd and even parity
values for all hexadecimal digits 0-9 and A-F
19. Explain with an example IEEE 754 single precision floating point representation
20. (a) What is meant by normalization in floating point representation?. Why do
need it? What is bias? What normalization is used in IEEE 754 standard?
(b) Explain about NaN and denormalised numbers in IEEE 754 standards.
21 a)Derive the circuit for a 3 bit parity generator and 4 bit parity checker using even
parity bit
b)Derive the circuit for a 3 bit parity generator and 4 bit parity checker using ODD
parity bit
22. Differentiate between high level languages and low level languages. What are the
requirements for the good programming language.
23. Perform the arithmetic operations (+42)+(-13) and (-42)-(-13) in binary using signed
2s complement representations for negative numbers
24 Perform the following operations using 2s complement method and 1s complement
method
a)
b)
c)
d)

1101-011
1111-10001
1111-1111
0111-1101

CO - UNIT II ASSIGNMENT
1. Mention about full adder circuit functionality with inputs and outputs using a block
diagram. Using FA blocks design combined adder cum subtractor circuit. Assume
two numbers are 4-bit numbers.
2. (a) Explain about stack organization used in processors. What do you understand
by register stack and memory stack?
(b) Explain how X=(A+B)/(A-B) is evaluated in a stack based computer
3. What are the different types of basic addressing modes and Explain?
4. (a) Identify different types of instructions and describe their formats with their
constituent fields. Mention which factors influence the size of the fields.
(b) How do we classify CPUs based on their register organizations. In which

organizations, zero address instructions are used. Mention few zero address
instructions and their actual execution in practice.
5. What is a microoperation ? Explain different types of Microoperations
6. What is a Register Transfer language? What are the basic symbols of Register Transfer
language?
7. a) Discuss in detail about various types of shift micro operations.
b) List various registers in a computer along with their purpose.
8. Discuss in detail about various types of Logical micro operations.
9. Explain various types of Arithmetic micro operations.
10.. List and explain different types of computer instructions. Also provide their formats.
11. Explain about instruction, fetch, and decode cycles for a memory reference
instruction. Draw a flow chart also to explain the same. Indicate clearly where and which
processor registers comes into picture. Now let us assume while a instruction is in the
middle of its decode cycle a interrupt is arrived. What is going to happen? Is the
instruction is completed or not. If we want to stop there itself and handle the
interrupt what are the difficulties?
12.(a) How many types of interrupts are available?. Explain their sources
(b) What is program status word?. Explain about supervisor mode or user mode?.
How do we find in which mode our program is currently running?
13. (a) What is the use of buffers. Explain about tri-state buffers. Explain about
high impedance state
(b) Explain commonly employed bit shift operators such as shift left, right, circular
shift left/right and arithmetic shift left/right. Assume an 8-bit register, give
an example for each
14. Explain Instruction cycle
15. Explain Interrupt cycle.
16. Design register selection circuit to select one of the four 4-bit registers content on
to bus. Give fuller explanation.
17. Design a circuit to increment, decrement, complement and clear a 4 bit register
using RS flip-flops. Explain the control logic
18. Design a circuit for parallel load operation into one of the four 4-bit registers from a
bus. Mention clearly control/selection bits and selection logic. Assume D flip-flops
19. Design a circuit transferring data from a 4bit register which uses D flip-flops
to another register which employs RS flip-flops.
20. a) What is use of buffers? Explain about tri-state buffers. Explain about high
impendence state.
b) Design a circuit common bus structure using multiplexers
21. Explain three address, two address, one address, zero address instructions with
examples.
22. Compare RISC and CISC processors

Microprogrammed control unit

3
Assignment
1. Draw a block diagram of a control memory with associated HW for finding out
next microinstruction address. Clearly specify the control flow. What is meant by
mapping process in this context? [16]
2. (a) Explain the functioning of a control unit explaining the terms control word,
control memory, control address register and control buffer register. [8]
(b) Support or oppose the statement ?If we want to add a new machine language
instruction to a processors instruction set, simply write a C program and
compile and store the resultant code in control memory?. [8]
3.

(a) Differentiate between microprogramming and nano programming. [8]

(b) Hardwired control unit is faster than microprogammed control unit. Justify
this statement. [8]
(a) Explain the variety of techniques available for sequencing of microinstructions
based on the format of the address information in the microinstruction. [8]
(b) Hardwired control unit is faster than microprogammed control unit. Justify
this statement. [8]

4.

5. Draw the general block diagram of a micro sequencer and also explain the inputs and
outputs along with their functioning. [16]
6. a) Explain about the micro programmed control organization.
b) Write the differences between microprogramming and Nan programming. [8+8].
7. a) Explain the variety of techniques available for sequencing of microinstructions
based on the format of the address information in the microinstruction.
b) How do you map micro operation to a micro instruction address. [8+8]
8. a) Discuss in detail the design of control unit.
b) Hard wired control unit is faster than micro programmed control unit. Justify this
statement.[8+8]
9. (a) What are the major design considerations in microinstruction sequencing?. [8]
(b) Explain about microinstruction sequencing techniques, specifically variable
format address microinstruction. [8]
10. (a) Give the typical horizontal and vertical microinstruction formats. [8]
(b) Describe how microinstructions are arranged in control memory and how they
are interpreted. [8]
11. (a) Why do we need subroutine register in a control unit?. Explain. [8]
(b) Why do we need some bits of current microinstruction to generate address of
the next microinstruction. Support with a live example. [8]
12. Draw the general block diagram of a microsequencer. Explain clearly the inputs
and outputs of the same along with their functioning. [16]
13. (a)

What is a pipeline register. What is the use of it?. Explain in detail. [8]
(b) Why do we need some bits of current microinstruction to generate address of
the next microinstruction. Support with a live example. [8]

14(a) What are the major design considerations in microinstruction sequencing?. [8]
(b) Explain about microinstruction sequencing techniques, specifically variable
format address microinstruction. [8]
15. (a) How do you map micro-operation to a micro instruction address. [8]
(b) Hardwired control unit is faster than microprogammed control unit. Justify
this statement. [8]