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AND8241/D A 5.0 V/2.0 A Standby Power Supply For INTEL Compliant ATX Applications
AND8241/D A 5.0 V/2.0 A Standby Power Supply For INTEL Compliant ATX Applications
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APPLICATION NOTE
Design Description
A full CCM operation gave us an adequate performance
in this particular case, with good full load efficiency results
as we will see. The part switches at 65 kHz which represents
a good trade--off between switching losses and EMI control.
A brown--out circuit was implemented, turning the SMPS on
around 80 Vac and turning it off at 60 Vac. Different values
can easily be selected by altering the dedicated resistive
network. Please note that this network impedance has a
direct influence on the standby power. To limit the amount
of current the supply can deliver at high line, it is necessary
to limit the propagation delay effects. The NCP1027 hosts
an exclusive circuitry used to reduce the maximum peak
current as the line increases. We will see that, once
implemented around the auxiliary diode, it does not affect
the standby power and nicely harnesses the maximum
power. The electrical schematic of the board appears on
Figure 1.
AND8241/D
TR1:
Lp = 3.4 mH
Np:Ns = 1:0.06
Np:Naux = 1:0.15
Bulk
R10
2.8 Meg
C7
100 mF
16 V
R11
2.2 Meg
R7
1k
C5
10 nF
R6
150 k
0.5 W
13 V
L1
2.2 mH
D1
MBRD835L
+
C1
1500 mF
R5
47
+ C2
1500 mF
R3
100
U3
D4
1N4937
+ C10
47 mF
400 V
R14
560 k
U1
NCP1027
C13
1 mF
8
7
R4
1k
C6
10 nF
R9
27 k
+
U2
TL431
R2
10 k
4
C9
100 pF
R8
78 k
R1
10 k
C4
0.1 mF
3
C8
10 mF
10 V
TR1
D4
1N4937
Aux.
C3
220
mF
5 V--2 A
R13
47 k
U3b
C11
2.2 nF
Type = Y1
Figure 1. The application board electrical schematic without the EMI filter for simpler representation.
where:
Lp, the primary inductance, 3.4 mH
N, the turn ratio, 0.06
Fsw, the switching frequency, 65 kHz
Vin, the input voltage
Vout, the output voltage
Calculations lead to the following mode transition load
values:
Transformer
NVin + Vout 2
Rc = 2LpN2Fsw
NVin
Vout
NVin + Vout
(eq. 2)
(eq. 1)
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AND8241/D
Ramp Compensation
(eq. 8)
(eq. 9)
V
+ Vf
6 15 m
Soff = out
Tsw =
= 441 mA15 ms
0.06 3.4 m
NLp
Bulk
(eq. 3)
ROPPH
+
Cbulk
(eq. 4)
lb1
7
lb3
U1
NCP1027
lb2
Soff
= 83 mV15 ms = 5.53 kVs (eq. 5)
2
ROPPL
(eq. 6)
(eq. 7)
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AND8241/D
5. At a certain time, if you continue to increase the
current in pin 7, the converter enters in protection
mode. The current flowing in pin 7 and the voltage
on it prior to the shutdown, correspond to the
variables you look for. In this example, we measured
a Vf voltage of 2.45 V and a current of 31 mA.
U1
NCP1027
R2
10 k
8
7
S
3
+
Aux
Variable
Power Supply
IB3
R3
10 k
Figure 3. An isolated way to safely inject current into pin 7 at high line.
1
2
U1
NCP1027
R2
100 k
7
S
3
Aux
IB3
R3
10 k
Variable
Power Supply
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AND8241/D
The preliminary curve showing the relationship between
the injected current and the maximum peak current setpoint
appears in Figure 5. We can see that 31 mA corresponds to
(IPEAK--IPEAKOPP)/IPEAK (%)
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
0
50
100
150
200
(eq. 10)
V
--V
ROPPH = ROPPL bulkL f = 5.6 M
Vf
(eq. 11)
ROPPL =
VCC
C7
100 mF
16 V
R7
1k
Aux.
D4
1N4937
1
ROPPH
560 k
U1
NCP1027
8
7
3
C8
10 mF
10 V
4
C9
100 pF
R8
78 k
5
ROPPL
47 k
U3b
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AND8241/D
Hooking an oscilloscope probe on D4 cathode gives us the
bulk image evolution between its minimum and maximum
values. We can then run the calculation again to obtain
ROPPH and ROPPL :
VbulkH = 55 Vdc
VbulkL = 37 Vdc
= 31 mA
IOPP
Vf
= 2.45 V
V
--V
Rupper = Rlower bulk1 BO
VBO
Rlower = VBO
Rupper
Rlower
2
PBO = 330
= 27 mW.
4.02 Meg
Auxiliary Winding
Without OPP
4
With OPP
2
1
0
240
260
280
300
320
= 4.0 M
= 22 k
(eq. 13)
Vbulk1 --Vbulk2
IBO (Vbulk1 --VBO)
(eq. 12)
340
360
Clamping Section
Brown--out
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AND8241/D
Secondary Side
Vbulk
D2
1.5KE220A
(eq. 14)
5
D1
1N4937
(eq. 15)
V =
I
fcCout
L1
2.2 mH
+5 V
C1
1500 mF
C2
1500 mF
C3
220 mF
0
R3
100
R4
1k
U3
(eq. 16)
C4
0.1 mF
X3
TL431
Css
1 mF
R1
10 k
R2
10 k
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AND8241/D
The basic description being done, let us have a look at the board performance. Standby measurements were captured with
a Yokogawa WT210 on a board after it warmed up for 15 minutes. Please make sure the WT210 volt--mater is placed before
the current shunt, otherwise its input impedance will degrade the low--power measurements by 30 mW at high line.
Static Measurements
Pin = 88 mW
Pin = 779 mW
Pin = 12.3 W
Vaux = 10.14 V
Vaux = 11.64 V
Vaux = 12.14 V
= 64.2%
= 81.3%
Please note that replacing R6 by a 200 V TVS as mentioned in the text, reduces the input power at 0.5 W @ 230 Vac down
to 715 mW and 73 mW at no load.
Pout = 0
Pout = 0
Pin = 54 mW
Pin = 704 mW
Pin = 12.6 W
Vaux = 10.15 V
Vaux = 11.6 V
Vaux = 12.6 V
= 71%
= 79.5%
Some critical waveforms have been captured on the demonstration board and are reproduced below:
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AND8241/D
10 W
0W
0.5 W
Figure 13. Load step where Vout is banged from 0.1 A to 2.5 A with a
1.0 A/ms slew--rate (Vin = 85 Vac).
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AND8241/D
Figure 14. Load step where Vout is banged from 0.1 A to 2.5 A with a
1.0 A/ms slew--rate (Vin = 230 Vac).
Figure 15. Peak--to--peak ripple, Pout = 0.5 W, Cable length = 30 cm, Vin = 85 Vac.
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AND8241/D
Figure 16. Peak--to--peak ripple, Pout = 0.5 W, Cable length = 30 cm, Vin = 230 Vac.
High Line
Low Line
Figure 17. EMI signature, low line and high line in quasi--peak, Pout = 10 W.
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AND8241/D
High Line
Low Line
Figure 18. Peak Output Current in Short--Circuit at Both Line Conditions: 6.3 A
54 ms
676 ms
S Ipeak = 6.4 A
S Iout,av = 6.4 x 54 / 676 = 511 mA
S Iout,rms = 6.4
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54 = 1.8 A
676
AND8241/D
PCB Views
diode is placed on the copper side and due to its low Vf, it
leads to good thermal performance.
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AND8241/D
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AND8241/D
Bill of Material
Manufacturer
Part Number
Substitution
Allowed
Lead
Free
General
Semiconductor
DF08M
Yes
No
20%
Panasonic
EEUFC1C122
Yes
47 mF/400 V
20%
Panasonic
ECA2GHG470
Yes
Capacitor, Y1 Class
2.2 nF/400 V
20%
Vishay
WKP222
No
Capacitor, X2 Class
220 nF/275 V
20%
Evox Rifa
PHE840MX6220M
No
C13
1 mF/50 V
20%
Panasonic
EEUFC1H1R0
Yes
C3
220 mF/16 V
20%
Panasonic
EEUFC1C221
Yes
C4
SMD Capacitor
100 nF
10%
Epcos
B37872--K5104--K60
Yes
C5
10 nF/630 V
10%
Vishay
MKT1822--310
Yes
C6
SMD Capacitor
10 nF
10%
Epcos
B37872--K5103--K60
Yes
C7
10 mF/63 V
20%
Elna
RE3--63V100M
Yes
C8
100 mF/10 V
20%
Panasonic
EEUFC1A101
Yes
C9
SMD Capacitor
1 nF
10%
1206
Epcos
B37872--K5102--K60
Yes
DPAK
Designator
Quantity
Description
Value
Tolerance
B1
800 V
NA
C1,C2
1200 mF/16 V
C10
C11
C12
Footprint
1206
1206
Manufacturer
D1
35 V/8 A
NA
ON Semiconductor
MBRD835L
Yes
Yes
D2,D4
Fast--Recovery Rectifier
600 V/1 A
NA
ON Semiconductor
1N4937
Yes
Yes
J1
PCB Connector
NA
NA
Multicomp
JR--201S
Yes
J2
PCB Connector
NA
NA
Weidmuller
PM5.08
Yes
L1
2.2 mH
NA
Wurth Elektonic
744772022
Yes
L2
27 mH
NA
Schaffner
RN114--0,8/02
Yes
R1
10 k
5%
Neohm
CFR25J10K0
Yes
R10
2.8 M
5%
Neohm
CFR25J2M8
Yes
R11
2.2 M
5%
Neohm
CFR25J2M2
Yes
R13
47 k
5%
Neohm
CFR25J47K0
Yes
R14
560 k
5%
Neohm
CFR25J560K
Yes
R2
SMD Resistor
10 k
1%
1206
Vishay
CRCW1206101J
Yes
R3
SMD Resistor
100
1%
1206
Vishay
CRCW1206100RJ
Yes
R4
680
5%
Neohm
CFR25J680
Yes
R5
47
5%
Neohm
CFR25J47
Yes
R6
150 k/1 W
5%
Neohm
CFR100J150K0
Yes
R7
1 k
5%
Neohm
CFR25J1K0
Yes
R8
SMD Resistor
78 k
1%
1206
Vishay
CRCW1206781J
Yes
R9
SMD Resistor
27 k
1%
1206
Vishay
CRCW1206271J
Yes
U1
NCP1027
NA
NA
DIP8
ON Semiconductor
NCP1027
No
Yes
U2
2.5--36 V/
1--100 mA
2.20%
TO92
ON Semiconductor
TL431
No
Yes
U3
Optocoupler
NA
NA
DIP4
Vishay
SFH615A
No
T1
Transformer
NA
NA
Coilcraft
DA2077--AL
No
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AND8241/D
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AND8241/D