ANALOG & DIGITAL

COMMUNICATION
Engr. Umair Mujtaba Lecture 1 - 2
Qureshi
Teacher Information
Engr. Umair Mujtaba Qureshi
Lecturer, Dept. of Telecom. Eng.
B.E in Telecommunication Engineering (MUET, PK)
M.E in Communication Systems & Engineering (MUET, PK)

Email: umair.qureshi@faculty.muet.edu.pk
Webpage:
https://sites.google.com/a/faculty.muet.edu.pk/umq/
Office:
Room TL-116, Dept. of Telecommunication Engineering, Mehran UET.
 ADC Teaching plan
1 Introduction to Course, History of Communications 1
2 Basic elements of a Communication System 1
1
3 Signals and Noise 2
4 Modulation, Taxonomy of Modulation Schemes 1
5 Analogue Modulation-1: Amplitude Modulation (AM) 2
6 Generation of AM waveforms 2
7 Coherent and Non-coherent AM receivers 2
8 Types of Amplitude Modulation-1: DSB-FC, DSB-SC 2
9 Types of Amplitude Modulation-2: SSB and VSB 2
2
10 Analogue Modulation-2: Frequency Modulation (FM) 2
11 Generation of FM waveforms 2
12 Coherent FM receiver using Phase Locked Loop 2
13 Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis for FM 1
14 Analogue Modulation-3: Phase Modulation 2
 ADC Teaching plan
15 Pulse Modulation (PAM, PWM, PPM) 2
16 Analogue to Digital Conversion-1: Sampling (delta modulation) 2
3
17 Analogue to Digital Conversion-2: Quantization 2
18 Analogue to Digital Conversion-3: Coding (PCM) 2
19 Line coding techniques-1: Unipolar 2
4
20 Line coding techniques-2: Bipolar 2
21 Digital Modulation-1: Amplitude Shift Keying 2
22 Digital Modulation-2: Frequency Shift Keying, Phase Shift Keying 2
5
23 Digital Modulation-3: Phase Shift Keying 2
24 Digital Modulation-4: Higher order digital modulation schemes 2
25 Channel Capacity - Shannon Hartley Theorem 2
26 Cyclic Redundancy Check 2
6
27 Coding Theory-1: Hamming Codes 2
28 Coding Theory-2: Linear Block Codes 2
Text & Reference books
Your Course Text book
Telecommunications by Warren Hioki
Some other books

Analogue & Digital Communication by Simon Hakin

Principle of Electronics Communication System by Louis
E. Frenzel
Electronic Communication Systems: Fundamentals
Through Advanced by Wayne Tomasi
Online Lectures & Tutorials
Marking methodology
Marks Distribution

5 Exam
5
Attendance

80
10 Test

Assignments
My Promises
My promises
Ill be lenient in awarding marks
Ill be available for answering your questions with in
and after university timings
Ill groom you academically, socially, professionally!

What I aspect from You

Be progressive in class, never hesitate in questioning
Updated with the lectures, assignments and latest
trends in the field
We start with
What is Communication?
Process of sending the information from one point to
another
What is Telecommunication?
Tele at a distance &
communication sending or receiving the information,

hence the word TELECOMMUNICATION

Introduction to Analog & Digital Comm.

Analog & Digital Communication?

Communication by signals, can be
Analog
Digital

However its all about conveying your information at

a distance by any means/method
So, we talk about the history of communication
through ages
History of Communication
Smoke signals and semaphores
Communication basics
The basic focus is our information which can be
Voice/Speech/words
Video
Codes etc.

The existence of this information or the means of

carrying this info is always in the form of a frequency..
Frequency ?
Is an energy carrier, which has a dual nature at times its a
particle/wave/both.
E.g speech electro-mechanical energy to be converted
first in electrical then electromagnetic and vice versa
Communication basics
Basic communication system
In 1948, Claude Shannon proposed a comm. model
Message Signal
Source Sender/Transmitter

Channel

Destination Receiver
Message Signal

Shannon Model of Communication

 Basic communication elements
Source That originates the message such as Human, living organism,
television or teletype date --- brain

Message The idea/thought-a baseband signal

Sender Any transmitting device /electronic circuit that converts our

information into a signal suitable for transmission - modulated
signal
Channel Medium on which our information/signal travels from one place to
another

Receiver The receiving device: An electronic circuit that converts the signal
into a form in which we can understand

Destination Unit to which the message is communicated - A human/The brain

Exercise
Apply Shannon's model & identify the source,
sender, channel, receiver, destination and message
elements
Some more examples
Shannons communication model
Shannon's model has a number of problems as a
model for explaining communication such as
it is one way (from source to destination)
there is no feedback between the sender and receiver,
it is non-interactive
it does not translate appropriate to groups with many
interactions
it does not explain the process of how the message is
generated by the source, or interpreted by the
destination
But it provides a base/idea for a communication model
Modes of communication
There are 3 modes of communication
Simplex or One way communication
Entire bandwidth is used by lone entity
Half duplex or Two way communication
Communication on time shared bases
Entire bandwidth is used by one entity at a time

Duplex or interactive communication

Bandwidth is shared by both entities at the same
instance
Examples
Evolution of communication systems

DECADE 1794: Optical Telegraph in France cuts

message delivery time from a day to
1790 30 minutes

1800
1810 1840: Samuel F. B. Morse developed and
patented Morse Code for telegraphy
1820
1830
1840
1844: Samuel Morse sends the phrase
1850 What hath God wrought
from Baltimore to Washington in Morse
code
 1874: Thomas Edisons Quad sends two messages in each
direction on a single telegraph line.

DECADE
1860
1876: Alexander Graham Bell made the first telephone call to his assistant
1870 with the words, Mr. Watson, come here, I want you.

1880 1889: Almon Strowger developed the first automatic (electromechanical)

telephone exchange.

1890 1901: Guglielmo Marconi demonstrated that radio waves could be used to
transmit information over long distances when he sent a radio
1900 message across the Atlantic.

1910
1917: AT&Ts system sends four telephone calls at once along a single
1920 pair of lines.
 1944: AT&Ts L1 system transmits 600 calls at once over a
coaxial cable.

1947: William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain invented the
transistor.

1958: The United States launched its satellite Score, occasioning the first
transmission of a human voice from space. Score was equipped

DECADE with a tape recorder that stored messages received while passing
over a transmitting ground station.

1930 1960s: ARPANET was developed by the Advanced Research Projects

Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense as a
vehicle for enabling universities and research organizations to
1940 exchange information freely.

1950 1961:
1. AT&T begins digitized phone calls for its T1 system.
1960 2. Kleinrock suggested packet routing of digital data through larger
computer networks.

1970 1962:
1. J.C.R. Licklider proposed a Galactic Network that would let the users
to access data from any site on huge networks.
2. Telstar 1, launched on behalf of the American Telephone and
Telegraph Company, provided direct television transmission between
the United States, Europe, and Japan, and could also relay several
hundred telephone calls simultaneously.

1963: The first communications geostationary satellite Syncom

2, was launched by NASA.
 1965: Charles Kao put forward the theory that
information could be carried using optical
fibers.

1972: Robert Metcalfe worked out a LAN system called

Ethernet.

1973:
1. Telnet began operating as the first public packet data
communications carrier.

1970 2. Vinton Cerf proposed linking Arpanet with two other government
networks and thus internet was born.

1980 1974:
IBM announced System Network Architecture (SNA).

1990
1976:
DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.) launched its DECnet that evolved
into OSI architecture.

1984:
The Optical Fibre attained speed of 500 Mbps.

1989:
PTAT-1 the first private trans-Atlantic fiber optic cable carries two
third of all tran-Atlantic data traffic.
Your assignment
Next topics
Signals
Analog

Digital

Noise
Its types