2D Kinematics: Announcements
2D Kinematics: Announcements
Announcements:
CAPA due at 10pm tonight
There will be the third CAPA
assignment ready this
evening.
Chapter 3 on Vectors
Web page:
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phys1110/phys1110_sp12/ 1
Clicker question 1 Set frequency to BA
Two stones are dropped into a bottomless pit, the second stone
is dropped 2 seconds after the first stone. Assume no air
resistance. As both stones fall, the difference in their velocities..
A: increases B: decreases
C: remains constant
A tough one!
Both balls are dropped from y0=0, with v0=0, so we have
v1= -g*t
v2 = -g*(t-2).
So the difference in velocities is just 2*g, a constant. That is, after 2
seconds, ball one is falling at -g*2 sec = -20 m/s, and from then on,
they each gain the same amount of extra velocity (9.8 m/s) each
second. They both speed up, but always the leading one is exactly 20 2
m/s faster.
Clicker question 2 Set frequency to BA
A: increases B: decreases
C: remains constant
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Clicker question 3 Set frequency to BA
4
Vector addition by components
Split vectors into orthogonal components and add
components individually. For and
then
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Vector addition by components (2)
Use trigonometry to split vectors into orthogonal
components if you are given magnitude and direction
or
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Velocity vectors
Velocity is the change in position over change in time
Average velocity:
Instantaneous velocity:
Often, motion along one axis is independent of motion along
other axes (with proper coordinate choice) which allows us
to separate the vector equation into components:
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Position and velocity vectors
A ball is moving across a level y(cm)
surface and its position vector is
recorded at times 1,2,3,4 seconds.
How can we find the average
velocity between times 1 and 2?
Average velocity is and
so we need . x(cm)
Can calculate from vector addition.
Same as vector connecting
the two vector end points
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Position and velocity vectors
Note the average velocity is the y(cm)
same between any of the points. 5
Appears the velocity is constant.
Can measure to determine
the average velocity
5 x(cm)
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Acceleration vectors
Velocity deals with the change of the position vector and
acceleration deals with the change of the velocity vector.
Average acceleration:
Instantaneous acceleration:
Again, with a proper coordinate choice the components
separate so we end with the simplified result:
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Acceleration vectors
Linear acceleration: velocity Centripetal acceleration: velocity
magnitude changes but magnitude constant but direction
direction stays the same. changes. Example: car rounding
Gravity is an example. a corner at constant speed.
y(cm) y(cm)
x(cm) x(cm)
Generally, acceleration will be a combination of both
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Clicker question 4 Set frequency to BA
Q. A particle is moving at constant speed
along the path shown. Its velocity vector
at two different times is shown. What is
X
the direction of the acceleration when the
particle is at point X?
B
it points in the same
A C direction as
(E) None
D
of these
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Projectile motion
This describes the motion of a body
(bullet, basketball, motorcycle, etc.)
in free fall after being launched.
The only acceleration is due to
gravity and is always straight down.
Thus, the velocity in the horizontal direction is constant
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Clicker question 5 Set frequency to BA
Q. A basketball is launched
from a basketball cannon and X
follows the trajectory shown.
What is the direction of the
acceleration at point X?
A B Once launched, the only acceleration
is due to gravity and is straight down.
C
The horizontal velocity is constant
E D
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Velocities in projectile motion
Initial velocity in horizontal and
vertical directions depends on
angle and speed v0 of launch.
and
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Solving a projectile motion problem
A basketball launched on a level
surface travels 15 m and reaches
a maximum height of 6.4 m. What
is the initial velocity ?
1. Draw a diagram 2. Figure out what we know
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