2D Kinematics: Announcements

2D Kinematics
Announcements:
CAPA due at 10pm tonight
There will be the third CAPA
assignment ready this
evening.
Chapter 3 on Vectors
Note not covering scalar product or vector product

right now we will need it for material in Chap 7 and
it will be covered then.
Web page:
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phys1110/phys1110_sp12/ 1
Clicker question 1 Set frequency to BA
Two stones are dropped into a bottomless pit, the second stone
is dropped 2 seconds after the first stone. Assume no air
resistance. As both stones fall, the difference in their velocities..
A: increases B: decreases
C: remains constant
A tough one!
Both balls are dropped from y0=0, with v0=0, so we have
v1= -g*t
v2 = -g*(t-2).
So the difference in velocities is just 2*g, a constant. That is, after 2
seconds, ball one is falling at -g*2 sec = -20 m/s, and from then on,
they each gain the same amount of extra velocity (9.8 m/s) each
second. They both speed up, but always the leading one is exactly 20 2
m/s faster.
As both stones fall, the difference in their heights (y-

positions)..
A: increases B: decreases
C: remains constant
Since the lower one is ALWAYS faster, it is constantly

gaining on the other one! The difference in their heights
increases!
3
Q. The solid line has length A y

and makes an angle with the
negative y-axis. What is the
length of the dotted line? x
A. A cos A
Adjacent
B. A sin
C. A tan Hypotenuse
D. sin/A
Opposite
E. cos/A
Adjacent
4
Vector addition by components
Split vectors into orthogonal components and add
components individually. For and
then
5
Vector addition by components (2)
Use trigonometry to split vectors into orthogonal
components if you are given magnitude and direction
but angles can be tricky
Draw quick diagram 3.2

and determine angle
-6.5
Need to determine how measured angle relates to angle
from +x axis. In this case

C = (7.2,154) 6
Position and velocity vectors
Position vector gives the y(cm)
distance and direction from the
origin to the particle position
Can write in terms of components:
x(cm)
or
7
Velocity vectors
Velocity is the change in position over change in time
Average velocity:
Instantaneous velocity:
Often, motion along one axis is independent of motion along
other axes (with proper coordinate choice) which allows us
to separate the vector equation into components:
8
A ball is moving across a level y(cm)
surface and its position vector is
recorded at times 1,2,3,4 seconds.
How can we find the average
velocity between times 1 and 2?
Average velocity is and
so we need . x(cm)
Can calculate from vector addition.
Same as vector connecting
the two vector end points
9
Note the average velocity is the y(cm)
same between any of the points. 5
Appears the velocity is constant.
Can measure to determine
the average velocity
5 x(cm)
In this case we could redefine the coordinate system to get a

1D scenario with constant velocity
10
Acceleration vectors
Velocity deals with the change of the position vector and
acceleration deals with the change of the velocity vector.
Average acceleration:
Instantaneous acceleration:
Again, with a proper coordinate choice the components
separate so we end with the simplified result:
11
Acceleration vectors
Linear acceleration: velocity Centripetal acceleration: velocity
magnitude changes but magnitude constant but direction
direction stays the same. changes. Example: car rounding
Gravity is an example. a corner at constant speed.
y(cm) y(cm)
x(cm) x(cm)
Generally, acceleration will be a combination of both
12
Q. A particle is moving at constant speed
along the path shown. Its velocity vector
at two different times is shown. What is
X
the direction of the acceleration when the
particle is at point X?
B
it points in the same
A C direction as
(E) None
D
of these
13
Projectile motion
This describes the motion of a body
(bullet, basketball, motorcycle, etc.)
in free fall after being launched.
The only acceleration is due to
gravity and is always straight down.
Thus, the velocity in the horizontal direction is constant
In the vertical direction there is acceleration from gravity
14
Q. A basketball is launched
from a basketball cannon and X
follows the trajectory shown.
What is the direction of the
acceleration at point X?
A B Once launched, the only acceleration
is due to gravity and is straight down.
C
The horizontal velocity is constant
E D
15
Velocities in projectile motion
Initial velocity in horizontal and
vertical directions depends on
angle and speed v0 of launch.
and
Solving projectile motion problems

Realize the horizontal and vertical motions are
independent. Their only connection is through the
time the projectile is in the air.
16
Solving a projectile motion problem
A basketball launched on a level
surface travels 15 m and reaches
a maximum height of 6.4 m. What
is the initial velocity ?
1. Draw a diagram 2. Figure out what we know
3. Figure out what we need:

To get v0x we need the flight time to use
Can get v0y from with y=ymax and vy=0
Can now use to get t
17

2D Kinematics: Announcements

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2D Kinematics

Note not covering scalar product or vector product

As both stones fall, the difference in their heights (y-

Since the lower one is ALWAYS faster, it is constantly

Q. The solid line has length A y

but angles can be tricky

Draw quick diagram 3.2

In this case we could redefine the coordinate system to get a

In the vertical direction there is acceleration from gravity

Solving projectile motion problems

3. Figure out what we need:

Can now use to get t

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