GEOGRAPHIC

INFORMATION SYSTEM
[PRACTICALS]

By - Radha Satam

[TYBSc. IT. B – 13526]

2013-14

Under the guidance of

Prof. Varsha Turkar

 [PRACTICAL 1]
VECTOR DATA MODEL

AIM: To create a map of your surrounding area using vector

data model (points, lines and polygons)

THEORY:
The Vector data model prepares the data in two basic steps so that the computer can process it –
 It uses points and their (x,y) coordinates to represent spatial features as points, lines and areas
 It organizes the geometric objects and their spatial relationships into a digital data files that the
computer can access, interpret and process.

Representation of simple features –

Vector data model uses geometric objects like points, lines, and areas to represent simple spatial features. It
is ideal for representing discrete features (features that are individually distinguishable features that do not
exist between observations).
Dimensionality and property distinguishes the 3 types of geometric objects as well as the features they
represent.
POINT
A point has 0 dimensions and has only the property of location. A point may also be called a node, vertex or
0-cell. A point feature is made up of a point or a set of separate points. Example: wells in a particular area,
cities in India.
LINE
A line is one-dimensional and has the property of location. Line is also called edge, chain, link or 1-cell. A line
has 2 end points and points in between to make the shape of the line. The shape of a line may be a smooth
curve or a connection of straight line segments. B-Spline curves are used for representing contour
lines/smooth lines for rivers and such. Straight line segments are used for representing human made features
like streets, canals.
AREA
An area is two-dimensional and has the property of area (size) and perimeter. Area is also called polygon,
face, zone or 2-cell. Area is made up of connected lines. An area may be alone or share boundaries with other
areas. An area may contain holes (such as national forest containing private land parcels). The existence of
holes means that the area has both external and internal boundaries. Examples of area features include
timber stands, land parcels and water bodies. If the scale is large, the cities are represented as polygons; for a
small scale map, the city is represented as a point.

1 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
SCREENSHOT

2 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
 [PRACTICAL 2]
GEO-RELATIONAL DATA MODEL

AIM: Creation of Geo-relational data model for Abhinav

Nagar

Data Model –
Data Models describe how the spatial features are represented in a GIS. There are various types of data
models – Vector Data Model, Raster Data Model, Geo-relational Data Model, and Object-based Data Model.

Geo-relational data model –

It stores the spatial and attributes data separately in a split system. Spatial data (also known as geo data) is
stored in graphic files. Attribute data (info files) is stored in relational database. ID/ feature label is used to
link the 2 components.

Screenshots of Attribute Tables –

3 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
4 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]
- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
5 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]
- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
 [PRACTICAL 3]
SPATIAL QUERIES

AIM: To fire all the spatial queries (Contains, Within,

Intersects, Disjoint, Touches, Overlaps, and Crosses)

6 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
i) Societies that contain stores –

7 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
ii) Stores within Co-operative housing societies

8 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
iii) National Park area that Overlaps Water

9 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
iv) Roads that intersect National Park

10 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
v) Roads that are disjoint from National Park

11 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
vi) Roads that crosses co-operative housing societies

12 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
vii) Areas that touch societies

13 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
 [PRACTICAL 4]
ATTRIBUTE QUERIES AND ANALYSIS TOOLS

AIM: (a) to fire SQL Queries using Query Builder

(b) Analysis tools

THEORY:
(About Attribute Data and Data Analysis)
Attribute data describes the characteristics of spatial features. For vector data, the amount of attribute data
to be associated with a spatial feature can vary significantly. A road segment may only have the attributes of
length and speed limit, where as a polygon may have dozens of properties, interpretations and performance
data.

14 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
Selecting the Housing societies that were founded after or in 2005

15 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
Selecting stores which open at 9

16 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
Distance Matrix
Distance of Schools to Hospital - [Standard N x T distance matrix]

17 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
List Unique Values Basic Statistics
Listing unique values of Bank Names in the map Selecting the statistics (min, max, mean,
median, etc.) for ‘No. of Students’ field of
‘Schools’

18 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
Points in Polygon

Creating a new shape file for Co-operative Housing societies which with the input point vector layer as ‘store.

19 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
 [PRACTICAL 5]
VECTOR DATA CLASSIFICATION

AIM: To perform Vector Data Classification

THEORY:
(About Data Classification) – Nominal, Rule-based, Ratio

20 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
CATEGORIZED

21 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
22 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]
- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
GRADUATED

23 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
24 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]
- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
RULE-BASED

25 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
26 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]
- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
 [PRACTICAL 6]
MAP COMPOSER

AIM: To create a map using the ‘Print Composer’.

THEORY:
[About the map composer in QGIS

27 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
 [PRACTICAL 7]
RASTER DATA ANALYSIS

AIM: To Perform Raster data analysis (Terrain analysis -

Slope, Aspect, Hill-shade, Relief and Ruggedness index) and
Zonal statistics.

THEORY:
1) About raster data analysis.
2) About Zonal statistics.

28 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
SLOPE

29 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
ASPECT

30 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
ZONAL STATISTICS

31 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
32 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]
- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
 [PRACTICAL 8]
IMAGE REGISTRATION

AIM: To Perform Image Registration using Matlab

THEORY:
1) About geometric transformation and types.
2) About different Matlab functions.

33 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
Program for image registration
orthophoto = imread('westconcordorthophoto.png');
figure, imshow(orthophoto);
unregistered = imread('westconcordaerial.png');
figure, imshow(unregistered);
cpselect(unregistered, orthophoto);
mytform = cp2tform(input_points, base_points, 'projective');
registered = imtransform(unregistered, mytform);
imshow (registered);

34 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]

- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
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- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]
36 - Ms. Radha Satam [TYBsc IT]
- Under the guidance of Prof. Varsha Turkar [GIS Practical Journal]