Shear Strengthening Effect of RC Beams Retrofitted by Wire Mesh and SCC

International Seminar On Infrastructure Development 2016
(ISID 2016)Makassar, Indonesia, September 22, 2016
SHEAR STRENGTHENING EFFECT OF RC BEAMS RETROFITTED BY WIRE MESH

AND SCC
A. Arwin Amiruddin1, Herman Parung 2 and Riswal K 3
ABSTRACT: This paper describes the results of an experimental study of the behavior of damaged or under-strength
concrete beams retrofitted with wire mesh and self-compacting concrete (SCC) as a new seismic retrofit method. The
objective of this study is to evaluate shear performances of reinforced concrete beams retrofitted by using wire mesh
and SCC. Four concrete beams reinforced internally with steel and externally with both wire mesh (Ø4,06mm) and SCC
(2.5mm) applied to the specimens were tested under three-point bending. The shear failure is initiated by a major
diagonal crack within the beam shear span. This diagonal crack extended horizontally at the level of the wire mesh.
Results show that SCC with wire mesh is very effective for shear strengthening. Increases in strength of 71.82% for
BWS over the BN as control, un-retrofitted beams were noted.
Keywords: Seismic retrofit method, high-strength wire mesh, self-compacting concrete (SCC), shear strengthening.
INTRODUCTION
Strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) beams with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is becoming an
attractive for the construction industry. Commercially available FRP reinforcements are made of inorganic or organic
fibers, such as glass (GFRP), carbon (CFRP) and aramid (AFRP), embedded in thermosetting resin matrix (polyesters,
viny lesters, and epoxies) and inorganic fillers. Unidirectional CFRP grid materials used in concrete reinforcement
applications are linear elastic up to failure, and CFRP grid does not exhibit the yielding behavior that is typically
displayed by conventional reinforcing steel (A. A. Amiruddin, et al, 2009). CFRP grid (high strength and high elasticity
carbon fiber) materials generally have much higher strength than the yield strength of steel, although CFRP grid does
not exhibit yield.
Nowadays in Eartquake Engineering Riset Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,
Hasanuddin University, wire mesh and self-compacting concrete (SCC) had been developed to retrofitting of RC
structures such as to increase the shear capacity of RC beams (A. A. Amiruddin, et al, 2015). The contribution of the
wire mesh transverse strengthening to the shear capacity on retrofit of RC beams is studied in this research.
In this paper, a new technique for seismic strengthening of RC beams is presented. Beams in existing structures are
externally reinforced by means of high-strength wire mesh. The reinforcement is performed by wrapping wire mesh and
SCC around the beams.
1
Civil Engineeering Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, INDONESIA
2
3
A. Arwin Amiruddin, et al.
Fig. 1 Wire mesh types.

LAYOUT OF WIRE MESH
Nowadays, there are three types of wire mesh, namely stainless steel welded wire mesh, galvanized welded wire
mesh, and PVC coated welded wire mesh. Stainless steel welded wire mesh is made of high quality stainless steel wire
and welded by advanced computer-controlled machines. Compared with galvanized welded iron wire mesh or PVC
coated welded iron wire mesh, these features can compensate for its seemingly higher cost. Galvanized welded wire
mesh or hot dipped galvanized can be shaped in the forms of rolls or panels, for construction, fences and other industrial
uses. It enjoys the feature of corrosion resistance compared with plain welded wire mesh. PVC Coated Welded Wire
Mesh is made of high quality of welded galvanized iron wire mesh, to be coated with PVC powder by advanced
automatic equipment. Types of wire mesh can be seen in Figure 1.
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
Test Specimens and Wie mesh Strengthening System

The test specimens consisted of four RC beams classified into two types according to wire mesh strengthening
system is shown in Figure 2. Two beams were tested without strengthening (BN) and served as a control specimen for
comparison purposes to evaluate the improvement in shear strength provided by externally bonded wire mesh
reinforcements and SCC. Two beams (BWS) were strengthened with wire mesh systems using wire mesh (Ø4,06 mm).
The strain gauges were used in this research and put on steel reinforcements, wire mesh, concrete, and SCC. Position of
strain gauges can be seen in Table 1. A summary of these beams is given in Table 2.
(a) BN (control specimen)
wire mesh (Ø4,06mm)

SCC (2.5mm)
(b) BWS
Fig. 2 Test specimens and wire mesh strengthening system.
Table 1 Position of strain gauges

Beam Types Longitudinal bars Transverse bars Wire mesh bars Concrete and SCC
(FLK, gf: 2.1*) (FLK, gf: 2.1) (FLK, gf: 2.1) (PL, gf: 2.13)
BN (2) 4 2 - 4
BWS (2) 4 4 6 4
*gf : gauges factor

Table 2 Summary of specimen types
Beam Types Wire Mesh SCC
BN (control) - -
BWS Ø4,06mm 2.5mm
Material Properties
A design and experiment of material properties values of the concrete and SCC are given in Table 3. Moreover,
Table 4 shows kinds of steel reinforcement and wire mesh were used in the experiment.
Table 3 Material properties of concrete and SCC

Design values Experimental value
Beam Types Materials f’c Ec f’c Ec
2 2 2
(N/mm ) (N/mm ) (N/mm ) (N/mm2)
BN Concrete 32.66 23,412
30 25,743
BWS SCC 35.68 25,187
Table 4 Material properties of steel reinforcement and wire mesh

Diameter fy ft Es y
Directions
(mm) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
ø8 Transversal 320.860 465.220 159,423 2013.5
ø 16 Longitodinal 438.870 649.827 217,852 2014.5
Transversal
Wiremesh M4 ø 4 240.839 524.136 120,275 2002.4
and longitudinal
Test Set-Up
All beams were loaded in three-point bending that the subjected to static load is shown in Figure 2. The beams were
instrumented with a displacement meter at the mid-span and both of loading point to monitor displacement, as well as
strain gauges bonded on concrete, SCC, and wire mesh surface to measure the strain values. A 500kN load cell was
used to measure the applied load.
Fig. 2 Specimen under testing and loading system.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Comparison of Analysis and Experiment Values of Ps

The design of load is divided into four parts, load at first crack (Pcr), first yield at steel reinforcement in tension area
(Py0) so that steel bars was separated with concrete, ultimate strength (Pu), and shear strength (Ps). In particular for Ps,
the analysis was carried out based on Japan Road Association (JRA) Bridge Part V method. In design, the shear failure
was proposed on Py0 / Ps > 1.5. In experiment result, it was obtained that for all of specimen types had propagation of
cracks showed shear failure behavior. Especially for BWS type, slip between wire mesh and SCC was occurred so that
obtained wire mesh was not broken but separate with SCC and experiment value become more than design value. The
comparison of analysis and experiment value is given in Table 5 and Figure 3, respectively.
Table 5 Comparison of analysis and experimental values
140.00
Analysis
120.00 Experimental
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
BN BWS
Fig. 3 Comparison of analysis and experimantal values.
Load – Displacement Relationship

The load displacement as showed in Figure 4 plot for beam BWS along with that of the shear control beam, BN. The
control beam failed in shear and also for BWS type. BWS type had shear strength more than BN type and increases in
shear strength of 71.82% for BWS over the BN, un-retrofitted beams.
Load – strain relationship

Figure 5 shows relationship of load with compressive strain of concrete/ SCC and tensile strain of steel bars/wire
mesh. Tensile strain of steel bars of BN was achieved up to about 1497.14 µ but less then 2014.5 µ at the maximum of
shear load. On the other hand, tensile strain of BWS type was achieved up to 2048,57 µ more than 2002.4 µ as a design
value for tensile strain of wire mesh. Therefore, all of beams the specimens had shear failure modes. Figure 6 shows the
crack pattern and failure mode of the beam under test.
71.82%
Fig. 4 Load displacement relationship.
Fig. 5 Load strain relationship.
(a) BN (b) BWS

Fig. 6 Crack pattern and failure mode of beam under test.

CONCLUSIONS
In three-point bending test results, BN type as control beam or un-retrofit type failed by shear. However, the retrofit
specimens (BWS) also were failed at shear and these conditions parallel with design concept. BWS type was failed by
separation with wire mesh from SCC. BWS had not enough adhesive strength to prevent relative slip to SCC. Based on
experiment results, the retrofit of RC beams (BWS) by industrial method (SRS) have revealed that shear strength
increase 71.82% as significantly to control beam.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I kindly would like to express my sincere gratitude to Aloysius A. Prima Mangiri, M.Eng for his valuable help. The
authors also wish to express the gratitude to all members in the Earthquake Engineering Riset Laboratory of Civil
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University.
REFERENCES
A. A. Amiruddin, et al. (2008). PCM 吹付け工法による補強部界面の付着特性およびはりのせん断補強効果に関
する実験的研究. Japan Concrete Institute (JCI), コンクリート工学年次論文集, Vol.30, No.3, pp.1285-1290.
A. A. Amiruddin, et al. (2009). PCM 吹付け工法による 2 層接触配置された CFRP グリッドを用いた RC はりの
曲げ補強効果. Japan Concrete Institute (JCI),コンクリート工学年次論文集，Vol.31, No.2, pp.1429-1434.
A. A. Amiruddin, et al. (2009). 2 層接触配置された CFRP グリッドの付着強度に関する実験的研究. Japan
Concrete Institute (JCI),コンクリート工学年次論文集，Vol.31, No.2, pp.1411-1416.
A. A. Amiruddin, et al. (2009). CFRP グリッドを用いた PCM 吹付け工法による既設 RC 橋脚の耐震補強. 3rd
FRP International Bridge Symposium, 第 3 回 FRP 複合構造.
A. A. Amiruddin, et al. (2014). Flexure Strength of RC Beams Externally Reinforced with Wire Mesh. ISID 2014,
International Seminar of Infrastructure Development, Balikpapan, Kaltim.
A. A. Amiruddin, et al. (2015). Perilaku Lekatan Wiremesh Terhadap Material Self Compacting Concrete (SCC).
KONTEKS 9 2015, Konferensi Nasional Teknik Sipil, Clarion Makassar.

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International Seminar On Infrastructure Development 2016

(ISID 2016)Makassar, Indonesia, September 22, 2016

SHEAR STRENGTHENING EFFECT OF RC BEAMS RETROFITTED BY WIRE MESH

A. Arwin Amiruddin1, Herman Parung 2 and Riswal K 3

Fig. 1 Wire mesh types.

Test Specimens and Wie mesh Strengthening System

(a) BN (control specimen)

wire mesh (Ø4,06mm)

Fig. 2 Test specimens and wire mesh strengthening system.

Table 1 Position of strain gauges

*gf : gauges factor

Table 3 Material properties of concrete and SCC

Table 4 Material properties of steel reinforcement and wire mesh

Fig. 2 Specimen under testing and loading system.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Comparison of Analysis and Experiment Values of Ps

Table 5 Comparison of analysis and experimental values

Load – Displacement Relationship

Load – strain relationship

Fig. 4 Load displacement relationship.

Fig. 5 Load strain relationship.

(a) BN (b) BWS

Fig. 6 Crack pattern and failure mode of beam under test.

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