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Class 1 Introduction To Automatic Control Systems

This document provides an introduction to control engineering concepts. It defines a control system as an arrangement of components coordinated to perform objectives. The basic components of a control system are an input, the system being controlled, and an output. Control can be either manual or automatic. Examples of automatic control systems include air conditioners and refrigerators. Control systems can be natural, like the human pancreas, or man-made, like automobile systems. Control systems are also classified as linear or non-linear depending on if they satisfy properties of homogeneity and additivity. Natural examples of control systems include the human eye and digestive system, while examples of man-made control systems include speed and water level regulators.

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Acharya Mascara Plaudo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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136 views

Class 1 Introduction To Automatic Control Systems

This document provides an introduction to control engineering concepts. It defines a control system as an arrangement of components coordinated to perform objectives. The basic components of a control system are an input, the system being controlled, and an output. Control can be either manual or automatic. Examples of automatic control systems include air conditioners and refrigerators. Control systems can be natural, like the human pancreas, or man-made, like automobile systems. Control systems are also classified as linear or non-linear depending on if they satisfy properties of homogeneity and additivity. Natural examples of control systems include the human eye and digestive system, while examples of man-made control systems include speed and water level regulators.

Uploaded by

Acharya Mascara Plaudo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTROL

ENGINEERING

Sangamesh C M
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
CONTROL ENGINEERING
Introduction

Sangamesh C M
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Control Engineering
Introduction

UNIT:1 Introduction to automatic control system


Class 1
In this class you learn about some basic concepts about
control, concept of automatic controls, types of control
systems and practical example's of control system.
Lesson Content
Concepts of
 Control system
 Concept of automatic controls
 Types of control systems
 Example's of control system
Control Engineering
Introduction
Basics of control system
System: is the collection of components which are coordinated
together to perform certain objectives or it is an arrangement
of different physical components which act together to
perform certain objectives is called system.

Control : control means to direct or regulate or command.

Control system: is an arrangement of different physical


elements are connected in such a manner so as to regulate,
direct or command itself or some other system.

Every physical object is a system.


Control Engineering
Introduction

Basic Components of Control System

 Input
 System or Control System
 Output

basic components of the control system


Control Engineering
Introduction

Input

Input

 It is an applied signal or excitation applied to a control


system from an external source in order to produce the
output is called input
Control Engineering
Introduction

Output

Input Output

 The actual response obtained from a system is called


output.
Control Engineering
Introduction

System

Input SYSTEM Output

 A system is an arrangement of or a combination of


different physical components connected or related in
such a manner so as to form an entire unit to attain a
certain objective.
Control Engineering
Introduction

Difference between system and control system

Input Proper
system Output

(May or may not


be desired)
Input
Control Desired
System output
Control Engineering
Introduction
Concept of Automatic Control system with manual
 Automatic control is widely employed in many technological
and biological systems.
 To perform operations not feasible for a man because of the
necessity of processing a large amount of data in a limited
time
 It is also used to increase the productivity of labor and the
quality and accuracy of regulation and to free men from cont
rolling systems that operate under conditions which are relat
ively inaccessible or hazardous to health.
Control Engineering
Introduction

Concept of Automatic Control system with manual

 If you are driving the car yourself, you are performing


manual control of the car.
Control Engineering
Introduction

Examples of Automatic Control system with manual

Examples include

 air conditioners
 refrigerators
 automatic rice cookers
 microvan
 automatic ticketing machines, etc.

An air conditioner, for example, uses a thermostat to detect


the temperature and control the operation of its electrical
parts to keep the room temperature at a preset constant.
Control Engineering
Introduction

Examples of Automatic Control system block diagram


Control Engineering
Introduction

Types of Control System


1. Natural control system and Man-made control system
Control Engineering
Introduction

Types of Control System


1. Natural control system and Man-made control system

 Natural control system: It is a control system that is created


by nature, i.e. solar system, digestive system of any animal,
etc.
Pancreas : Regulate blood glucose levels
Eye : fallow moving object

Hand : pick up an object place it at predetermined place


etc.
Control Engineering
Introduction

Types of Control System

 Man-made control system: It is a control system that is


created by humans, i.e. automobile, power plants etc.

 Manmade control systems: The various systems used in


daily life are designed and manufactured by human being.

• Systems like vehicles, switches, various controllers, etc.


are called manmade control systems.
Control Engineering
Introduction

Types of Control System


2. Automatic control system and Combinational control
system

 Automatic control system: It is a control system that is


made by using basic theories from mathematics and
engineering. This system mainly has sensors, actuators and
responders.

 Combinational control system: It is a control system that is


a combination of natural and man-made control systems,
i.e. driving a car etc.
Control Engineering
Introduction

Types of Control System


3. Linear control system and Non-linear control system
 Linear control system: It is a control system that satisfies
properties of homogeneity and additive, x and y
belonging to the domain of the function f, we have

Additive property : f ( x +y) = f ( x ) + f ( y )

x belongings to domain of function f and for any scalar


constant α, we have

Homogeneous property : f(α x) = α f (x)


Control Engineering
Introduction

Types of Control System


3. Linear control system and Non-linear control system

 Non-linear control system: It is a control system that


does not satisfy properties of homogeneity and additive.

i.e. f ( x) = x^2 is non linear as,


(X1 + X2 )^2 ≠ X1 ^2 + X2 ^2)

and (α x)^2 ≠ α( x)^2 .

It is very difficult to have a linear system satisfying the


above two properties perfectly
Control Engineering
Introduction

Examples of Natural control systems

Natural control system


Control Engineering
Introduction

Examples of control systems

Speed control system


Control Engineering
Introduction

Examples of control systems

Water-level float regulator


THANK YOU

Sangamesh C M
Department of Mechanical Engineering
sangameshm@pes.edu
+91 8073038517

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