Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used For Radiology

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E747 − 18
Standard Practice for

Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of
Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E747; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Shapes [Metric] (Withdrawn 2002)4

B161 Specification for Nickel Seamless Pipe and Tube
1.1 This practice2 covers the design, material grouping
B164 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and
classification, and manufacture of wire image quality indica-
Wire
tors (IQI) used to indicate the quality of radiographic images.
B166 Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (UNS
1.2 This practice is applicable to X-ray and gamma-ray N06600, N06601, N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025,
radiography. N06045, and N06696), Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt-
1.3 This practice covers the use of wire penetrameters as the Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617), and Nickel-Iron-
controlling image quality indicator for the material thickness Chromium-Tungsten Alloy (UNS N06674) Rod, Bar, and
range from 6.4 to 152 mm (0.25 to 6.0 in.). Wire
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality In-
as standard. dicators (IQI) Used for Radiography
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 2.2 ISO Standards:5
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- ISO 19232–1 Non-Destructive Testing—Image Quality of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Radiographs-Part 1: Image Quality Indicators (Wire-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Type)-Determination of Image Quality Value
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- ISO 19232–2 Non-Destructive Testing—Image Quality of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- Radiographs-Part 2: Determination of the Image Quality
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Value using Step/hole Type Image Quality Iindicators
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- ISO 19232–3 Non-Destructive Testing—Image Quality of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Radiographs-Part 3: Image Quality Classes
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents 3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms in Terminology
E1316, Section D, relating to gamma and X-radiography, shall
2.1 ASTM Standards:3 apply to the terms used in this practice.
B139/B139M Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod, Bar,
and Shapes 4. Wire IQI Requirements
B150M Specification for Aluminum Bronze, Rod, Bar, and 4.1 The quality of all levels of examination shall be deter-
mined by a set of wires conforming to the following require-
ments:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- 4.1.1 Wires shall be fabricated from materials or alloys
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on identified or listed in accordance with 7.2. Other materials may
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method. be used in accordance with 7.3.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E747 - 04(2010). DOI: 4.1.2 The IQI consists of sets of wires arranged in order of
10.1520/E0747-18. increasing diameter. The diameter sizes specified in Table 1 are
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Practice
SE-747 in Section II of that Code.
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
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1
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E747 − 18
TABLE 1 Wire IQI Sizes and Wire Identity Numbers established from a consecutive series of numbers taken in
SET A SET B general from the ISO/R 10 series. The IQI shall be fabricated
Wire Diameter
Wire Identity
Wire Diameter
Wire Identity
in accordance with the requirements specified in Figs. 1-8 and
in. (mm) in. (mm) Tables 1-3. IQIs previously manufactured to the requirements
0.0032 (0.08)A 1 0.010 (0.25) 6 of Appendix X1 may be used as an alternate provided all other
0.004 (0.1) 2 0.013 (0.33) 7
0.005 (0.13) 3 0.016 (0.4) 8 requirements of this practice are met.
0.0063 (0.16) 4 0.020 (0.51) 9 4.1.3 Image quality indicator (IQI) designs other than those
0.008 (0.2) 5 0.025 (0.64) 10 shown in Figs. 1-8 and Annex A1 are permitted by contractual
0.010 (0.25) 6 0.032 (0.81) 11
SET C SET D agreement. If an IQI set as listed in Table 1 or Annex A1 is
Wire Diameter
Wire Identity
Wire Diameter
Wire Identity
modified in size, it must contain the grade number, set identity,
in. (mm) in. (mm) and essential wire. It must also contain two additional wires
0.032 (0.81) 11 0.10 (2.5) 16
0.040 (1.02) 12 0.126 (3.2) 17 that are the next size larger and the next size smaller as
0.050 (1.27) 13 0.160 (4.06) 18 specified in the applicable set listed in Table 1.
0.063 (1.6) 14 0.20 (5.1) 19 4.1.4 Each set must be identified using letters and numbers
0.080 (2.03) 15 0.25 (6.4) 20
0.100 (2.5) 16 0.32 (8) 21 made of industrial grade lead or of a material of similar
A
The 0.0032 wire may be used to establish a special quality level as agreed upon radiographic density. Identification shall be as shown on Figs.
between the purchaser and the supplier. 1-8 or Annex A1, unless otherwise specified by contractual
agreement.
4.1.5 ISO standard ISO 19232-1 contains similar provisions
TABLE 2 Wire Diameter Tolerances, mm (with nominal differences-see Table A1.1) for wire image
Wire Diameter (d), mm Tolerance, mm quality indicators as this standard (E747). International users of
0.000 < d# 0.125 ±0.0025 these type IQI standards who prefer the use of ISO 19232-1 for
0.125 < d # 0.25 ±0.005
0.25 < d # 0.5 ±0.01
their particular applications should specify such alternate
0.50 < d # 1.6 ±0.02 provisions within separate contractual arrangements from this
1.6 < d#4 ±0.03 standard.
4.0 < d#8 ±0.05
5. Image Quality Indicator (IQI) Procurement
5.1 When selecting IQI’s for procurement, the following
TABLE 3 Wire Diameter Tolerances, in.
factors should be considered:
Wire Diameter (d), in. Tolerance, in. 5.1.1 Determine the alloy group(s) of the material to be
0.000 < d # 0.005 ±0.0001 examined.
0.005 < d # 0.010 ±0.0002
0.010 < d # 0.020 ±0.0004 5.1.2 Determine the thickness or thickness range of the
0.020 < d # 0.063 ±0.0008 material(s) to be examined.
0.063 < d # 0.160 ±0.0012 5.1.3 Select the applicable IQI’s that represent the required
0.160 < d # 0.320 ±0.0020
IQI thickness(s) and alloy(s).
FIG. 1 Set A/Alternate 1
2
E747 − 18
FIG. 2 Set A/Alternate 2
FIG. 3 Set B/Alternate 1
6. Image Quality Levels thickness of material to which the quality level applies. Careful
consideration of required quality levels is particularly impor-
6.1 The quality level required using wire penetrameters
shall be equivalent to the 2-2T level of Practice E1025 for tant.
hole-type IQI’s unless a higher or lower quality level is agreed
upon between purchaser and supplier. The conversion of 7. Material Groups
plaque identification number to the equivalent wire diameter 7.1 General:
and identity as defined in this standard is provided in Annex 7.1.1 Materials have been designated in eight groups based
A1.
on their radiographic absorption characteristics: groups 03, 02,
6.2 In specifying quality levels, the contract, purchase order, and 01 for light metals and groups 1 through 5 for heavy
product specification, or drawing should clearly indicate the metals.
3
E747 − 18
FIG. 4 Set B/Alternate 2
FIG. 5 Set C/Alternate 1
7.1.2 The light metal groups, magnesium (Mg), aluminum 7.1.4 Common trade names or alloy designations have been
(Al), and titanium (Ti) are identified 03, 02, and 01 used for clarification of the pertinent materials.
respectively, for their predominant alloying constituent. The 7.1.5 The materials from which the IQI for the group are to
materials are listed in order of increasing radiation absorption. be made are designated in each case and these IQI’s are
7.1.3 The heavy metal groups, steel, copper-base, nickel- applicable for all materials listed in that group. In addition, any
base, and kindred alloys are identified 1 through 5. The group IQI may be used for any material with a higher group
materials increase in radiation absorption with increasing number, provided the applicable quality level is maintained.
numerical designation.
4
E747 − 18
FIG. 6 Set C/Alternate 2
FIG. 7 Set D/Alternate 1
7.2 Materials Groups: 7.2.3.1 Image quality indicators (IQI’s) shall be made of
7.2.1 Materials Group 01: magnesium or magnesium shall be the predominant alloying
7.2.1.1 Image quality indicators (IQI’s) shall be made of constituent.
titanium or titanium shall be the predominant alloying constitu- 7.2.3.2 Use on all alloys of which magnesium is the
ent. predominant alloying constituent.
7.2.1.2 Use on all alloys of which titanium is the predomi- 7.2.4 Materials Group 1:
nant alloying constituent. 7.2.4.1 Image quality indicators (IQI’s) shall be made of
7.2.2 Materials Group 02: carbon steel or Type 300 series stainless steel.
7.2.2.1 Image quality indicators (IQI’s) shall be made of 7.2.4.2 Use on all carbon steel, low-alloy steels, stainless
aluminum or aluminum shall be the predominant alloying steels, and manganese-nickel-aluminum bronze (Superston).6
constituent. 7.2.5 Materials Group 2:
7.2.2.2 Use on all alloys of which aluminum is the predomi-
nant alloying constituent.
7.2.3 Materials Group 03: 6
Superston is a registered trademark of Superston Corp., Jersey City, NJ.
5
E747 − 18
FIG. 8 Set D/Alternate 2
7.2.5.1 Image quality indicators (IQI’s) shall be made of 7.2.8.2 Use on tin bronzes including gun-metal and valve
aluminum bronze (Alloy No. 623 of Specification B150M) or bronze, or leaded-tin bronze of higher lead content than valve
equivalent, or nickel-aluminum bronze (Alloy No. 630 of bronze. Group 5 IQI’s may include bronze of higher lead
Specification B150M) or equivalent. content since leaded bronze increases in attenuation with
7.2.5.2 Use on all aluminum bronzes and all nickel- increase in lead content. This would be equivalent to using a
aluminum bronzes. lower group IQI.
7.2.6 Materials Group 3: NOTE 1—In developing the eight listed materials groups, a number of
7.2.6.1 Image quality indicators (IQI’s) shall be made of other trade names or other nominal alloy designations were evaluated. For
nickel-chromium-iron alloy (UNS No. N06600) (Inconel).7 the purpose of making this practice as useful as possible, these materials
(See Specification B166). are listed and categorized, by group, as follows:
7.2.6.2 Use on nickel-chromium-iron alloy and 18 % (1) Group 2—Haynes Alloy IN-100.9
(2) Group 3—Haynes Alloy No. 713C, Hastelloy D10, G.E. Alloy SEL,
nickel-maraging steel. Haynes Stellite Alloy No. 21, GMR-235 Alloy, Haynes Alloy No. 93,
7.2.7 Materials Group 4: Inconel X7, Inconel 718, and Haynes Stellite Alloy No. S-816.
7.2.7.1 Image quality indicators (IQI’s) shall be made of 70 (3) Group 4—Hastelloy Alloy F, Hastelloy Alloy X, and Multimeter
to 30 nickel-copper alloy (Monel)8 (Class A or B of Specifi- Alloy Rene 41.
cation B164) or equivalent, or 70 to 30 copper-nickel alloy (4) Group 5—Alloys in order of increasing attenuation: Hastelloy Alloy
B, Hastelloy Alloy C, Haynes Stellite Alloy No. 31, Thetaloy, Haynes
(Alloy G of Specification B161) or equivalent. Stellite No. 3, Haynes Alloy No. 25. Image quality indicators (IQI’s) of
7.2.7.2 Use on nickel, copper, all nickel-copper series, or any of these materials are considered applicable for the materials that
copper-nickel series of alloys, and all brasses (copper-zinc follow it.
alloys). Group 4 IQI’s may include the leaded brasses since NOTE 2—The committee formulating these recommendations recom-
leaded brass increases in attenuation with increase in lead mend other materials may be added to the materials groups listed as the
need arises or as more information is gained, or that additional materials
content. This would be equivalent to using a lower group IQI. groups may be added.
7.2.8 Materials Group 5:
7.3 Method for Other Materials:
7.2.8.1 Image quality indicators (IQI’s) shall be made of tin
7.3.1 For materials not herein covered, IQI’s of the same
bronze (Alloy D of Specification B139/B139M).
materials, or any other material, may be used if the following
7 9
Inconel is a registered trademark of The International Nickel Co., Inc., All Haynes alloys are registered trademarks of Union Carbide Corp., New
Huntington, WV 25720. York, NY.
8 10
Monel is a registered trademark of The International Nickel Co., Inc., All Hastelloys and Haynes Stellite alloys are registered trademarks of the
Huntington,, WV 25720. Cabot Corp., Boston, MA.
6
E747 − 18
requirements are met. Two blocks of equal thickness, one of 8.1.1 IQI identification alternate, if used.
the material to be examined (production material) and one of 8.1.2 Material type.
the IQI material, shall be radiographed on one film by one 8.1.3 Conformance to specified tolerances for dimensional
exposure at the lowest energy level to be used for production. values.
Transmission densitometer measurements of the radiographic
image of each material shall be made. The density of each 8.1.4 ASTM standard designation, for example, ASTM
image shall be between 2.0 and 4.0. If the image density of the E747—(year designation) used for manufacturing.
IQI material is within 1.00 to 1.15 times (−0 % to + 15 %) the
image density of the production material, IQI’s made of that 9. Precision and Bias
IQI material may be used in radiography of that production 9.1 Precision and Bias—No statement is made about the
material. The percentage figure is based on the radiographic precision or bias for indicating the quality of images since the
density of the IQI material. results merely state whether there is conformance to the criteria
7.3.2 It shall always be permissible to use IQI’s of similar for success specified in this practice.
composition as the material being examined.
8. Image Quality Indicator (IQI) Certification 10. Keywords
8.1 Documents shall be provided by the IQI manufacturer 10.1 density; image quality level; IQI; radiographic; radi-
attesting to the following: ography; X-ray and gamma radiation
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1. ALTERNATE IQI IDENTIFICATION
A1.1 The use of IQI’s with identifications as shown on Figs.

A1.1-A1.9 and as listed in Table A1.1 is permitted as an
acceptable alternate provided all other requirements of Practice
E747 are satisfied.
FIG. A1.1 Set A/Alternate 1
7
E747 − 18
FIG. A1.2 Set A/Alternate 2
FIG. A1.3 Set B/Alternate 1
FIG. A1.4 Set B/Alternate 2
8
E747 − 18
FIG. A1.5 Set C/Alternate 1
FIG. A1.6 Set C/Alternate 2
FIG. A1.7 Set D/Alternate 1
9
E747 − 18
FIG. A1.8 Set D/Alternate 2
NOTE 1—All other IQI requirements as shown on Figs. 1-8 or Figs. A1.1-A1.8 apply.
FIG. A1.9 Alternate Identification Locations and Letter, Number Size-Typical All Sets (A, B, C, D)
10
E747 − 18
TABLE A1.1 IQI Wire Diameters in. (mm) and Wire Identities
TABLE A1.1 Conversion of ASTM to ISO Wire Identities
SET A ASTM Wire Identity ISO Alternate Wire No. ISO 19232–1A SET B ASTM Wire Identity ISO Alternate Wire No. ISO 19232–1A
0.0032(0.08) 1 W 17 0.010(0.25) 6 W 12
0.0040(0.1) 2 W 16 0.013(0.33) 7 W 11
0.0050(0.13) 3 W 15 0.016(0.41) 8 W 10
0.0063(0.16) 4 W 14 0.020(0.51) 9 W9
0.0080(0.2) 5 W 13 0.025(0.64) 10 W8
0.010(0.25) 6 W 12 0.032(0.81) 11 W7
SET C ASTM Wire Identity ISO Alternate Wire No. ISO 19232–1A SET D ASTM Wire Identity ISO Alternate Wire No. ISO 19232–1A
0.032(0.81) 11 W7 0.100(2.5) 16 W2
0.040(1.02) 12 W6 0.126(3.2) 17 W1
0.050(1.27) 13 W5 0.160(4.06) 18 ...
0.063(1.6) 14 W4 0.20(5.1) 19 ...
0.080(2.03) 15 W3 0.25(6.4) 20 ...
0.100(2.50) 16 W2 0.32(8.1) 21 ...
A
As governed under provisions of paragraph 4.1.5 of this practice.
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. CALCULATION OF EQUIVALENT WIRE IDENTITIES FOR PLAQUE HOLE IDENTITIES
X1.1 International Procedures for Conversion of Plaque X1.1.2 Both conversion models are not equivalent (see Fig.
Hole Identities to Equivalent Wire Identities X1.1) at higher material thicknesses (>1 in. (25.4 mm)) and
X1.1.1 Two different conversion models are used in differ- higher radiation energies (> 400 kV for steel). The user may
ent international standards. These are: select the conversion model depending on the standard practice
X1.1.1.1 ISO 19232-3 and ISO 17636-2 (both have identi- to apply and its requirements for IQI reading. Different
cal conversion tables; see Fig. X1.2). requirements on positioning and discernibility of the wire IQIs
X1.1.1.2 ASTM E747 (version of 2010 and Table X1.3) and and hole type IQIs are defined in the standard systems
ASME BPVC, API, etc. mentioned above. The specific data are given in X1.2 and X1.3.
TABLE X1.3 Wire Sizes Equivalent to Corresponding 1T, 2T, and 4T Holes in Various Hole Type PlaquesA
Plaque IQI Diameter of wire with EPS of hole in plaque
Plaque Thickness, Identification
Number 1T 2T 4T
inch (mm) inch mm inch mm inch mm
0.005 (0.13) 5 0.0038 (0.09) 0.006 (0.15)
0.006 (0.16) 6 0.004 (0.10) 0.0067 (0.18)
0.008 (0.20) 8 0.0032 (0.08) 0.005 (0.13) 0.008 (0.20)
0.009 (0.23) 9 0.0035 (0.09) 0.0056 (0.14) 0.009 (0.23)
0.010 (0.25) 10 0.004 (0.10) 0.006 (0.15) 0.010 (0.25)
0.012 (0.30) 12 0.005 (0.13) 0.008 (0.20) 0.012 (0.28)
0.015 (0.38) 15 0.0065 (0.16) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.41)
0.017 (0.43) 17 0.0076 (0.19) 0.012 (0.28) 0.020 (0.51)
0.020 (0.51) 20 0.010 (0.25) 0.015 (0.38) 0.025 (0.63)
0.025 (0.64) 25 0.013 (0.33) 0.020 (0.51) 0.032 (0.81)
0.030 (0.76) 30 0.016 (0.41) 0.025 (0.63) 0.040 (1.02)
0.035 (0.89) 35 0.020 (0.51) 0.032 (0.81) 0.050 (1.27)
0.040 (1.02) 40 0.025 (0.63) 0.040 (0.02) 0.063 (1.57)
0.050 (1.27) 50 0.032 (0.81) 0.050 (1.27) 0.080 (2.03)
0.060 (1.52) 60 0.040 (1.02) 0.063 (1.57) 0.100 (2.54)
0.070 (1.78) 70 0.050 (1.27) 0.080 (2.03) 0.126 (3.20)
0.080 (2.03) 80 0.063 (1.57) 0.100 (2.54) 0.160 (4.06)
0.100 (2.50) 100 0.080 (2.03) 0.126 (3.20) 0.200 (5.08)
0.120 (3.05) 120 0.100 (2.54) 0.160 (4.06) 0.250 (6.35)
0.140 (3.56) 140 0.126 (3.20) 0.200 (5.08) 0.320 (8.13)
0.160 (4.06) 160 0.160 (4.06) 0.250 (6.35)
0.200 (5.08) 200 0.200 (5.08) 0.320 (8.13)
0.240 (6.10) 240 0.250 (6.35)
0.280 (7.11) 280 0.320 (8.13)
A
Minimum plaque hole sizes were used as defined within Practice E1025.
11
E747 − 18
FIG. X1.1 Conversion Graph of 1T Hole Diameters to Wire Diameters for Different Applications
TABLE X1.1 Determination of Equivalent Wire Diameter in

X1.2 Conversion of Plaque Hole Identities to Wire Iden- Dependence on Radiographic Sensitivity (EPS) and Plaque
Thickness
tities to be Placed on Uniform Surface Profiles
Sensitivity and Hole-to-Wire Conversion
X1.2 The visibility of wires in film radiography and in digital Sensitivity EPS (%) Plaque Equivalent Wire
radiography can be determined by the following equation in Thickness Diameter
reference to ISO 19232-3 and ISO 17636-1, 17636-2: 1-1T 0.7 0.01 x T 0.0045 x T
1-2T 1 0.01 x T 0.0064 x T
1-4T 1.4 0.01 x T 0.0091 x T
=d hole ·T plaque 2-1T 1.4 0.02 x T 0.0091 x T
d wire 5 (X1.1)
2.2 2-2T 2 0.02 x T 0.013 x T
2-4T 2.8 0.02 x T 0.018 x T
The factor of 2.2 is an empirically approximated factor. It is
used in ISO 19232-3, and ISO 17636-1 and 17636-2 for
conversion of IQI wire diameters to IQI step hole diameters
with 1T holes for equivalent visibility requirements. It is used in this standard, start with identity "1" at 0.0032 in. (0.08 mm)
for film and digital radiography applications. ISO 17636-1 and wire diameter. ISO 19232-1 IQIs have also smaller wire
17636-2 recommend to read the wire number in the area of the diameters, which are W 18 and W 19. These wires are included
base material near the weld and not across the weld indication. in the list for completeness.
It is required to see the wire over a length of at least 0.4 in.
X1.3 Conversion of Plaque Hole Identities to Wire Iden-
(~10 mm) without interruption. The required wire number is
tities to be placed on Non-Uniform Profiles.
selected depending on the nominal base material thickness.
X1.3 ASME BPVC, API-1104, ASTM E 1742 and E 1032
ISO 19232-3 and ISO 17636-1 and 17636-2 define the image
require to read the wire number in the area of the weld
quality requirements by wire numbers for wires in a diameter
indication with the wires across the weld. It is required to see
range of 0.002 in. (0.05 mm) and 0.08 in. (2.05 mm). The exact
the wire over the full length without interruption. The required
conversion values be can befound in Table X1.2. The table
wire number is selected depending on the weld thickness. The
contains different conversion values for true T hole IQIs and
related reading of the hole type IQIs requires positioning the
regular T hole IQIs with limitation of lower hole diameter as
IQI on an equivalent block or on shims near the weld or on the
defined in E 1025. If the holes are larger than the minimum
weld. The block or shim thickness is chosen to achieve the IQI
values as defined in E 1025 (1T ≥ 0.01 in. (0.254 mm), 2T ≥
reading at the average thickness of the weld. The equation to
0.02 in. (0.508 mm) and 4T ≥ 0.04 in.(1.016 mm)) the regular
determine the equivalencies between wire and (hole type) IQI’s
hole IQIs are identical with true T hole IQIs. This explains also
based on E747-10 is as follows:
the free fields in Table X1.2, since all holes ≥ 0.01 in. (0.254
mm) are regular and true T hole IQIs. The wire IQIs, as defined F 3 d 3 l 5 T 2 H 2 ~ π/4 !
12
E747 − 18
TABLE X1.2 Wire Diameters and Identity Equivalent to where:
Corresponding 1T, 2T, and 4T Holes in Various Hole Type
Plaques
F = form factor for wire, 0.79,
d = wire diameter, in. (mm),
Wire IQI Wire IQI Diameter as
identification Equivalent Plaque IQI Identification
l = effective length of wire, 0.3 in. (7.6 mm),
Defined in ASTM E747
by ASTM Number Corresponding to E1025 T = plaque thickness, in. (mm), and
inch mm
E747 H = diameter of hole, in. (mm).
1T 1T 2T 4T
True T Holes True T Holes NOTE X1.1—The wire and plaque (hole type) IQI sensitivities is not
W 19 0.0020 0.51 4 3 2 converted by a fixed constant here. The exact conversion values be can
W 18 0.0025 0.064 6 4 3 found in Table X1.3. The table contains conversion values for regular T
1 0.0032 0.081 7 5 4 hole IQIs with limitation of lower hole diameter as defined in E 1025 (1T
2 0.004 0.102 9 6 4 ≥ 0.01 in. (0.254 mm), 2T ≥ 0.02 in. (0.508 mm) and 4T ≥ 0.04 in. (1.016
3 0.005 0.127 8 6
mm).
4 0.0063 0.160 7
5 0.008 0.203 9 NOTE X1.2—T is the specimen thickness of the sample to penetrate. The
Regular Holes with Limited Hole Size table is correct, if T is used in inch or mm.
as Defined in E1025
1 0.0032 0.081 2 1 1
2 0.004 0.102 4 2 1
3 0.005 0.127 6 3 1
4 0.0063 0.160 9 4 2
5 0.008 0.203 7 4
Regular Holes and True T Holes
3 0.005 0.127 11
4 0.0063 0.160 14 10
5 0.008 0.203 18 12
6 0.010 0.254 22 16 11
7 0.013 0.330 29 20 14
8 0.016 0.406 35 25 18
9 0.020 0.508 44 31 22
10 0.025 0.635 55 39 28
11 0.032 0.813 70 50 35
5
12 0.04 1.016 88 62 44
13 0.050 1.270 110 78 55
14 0.063 1.600 139 98 69
15 0.080 2.032 176 124 88

16 0.100 2.540 220 156 110
17 0.126 3.200 277 196 139
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13

Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used For Radiology

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Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used For Radiology

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Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used For Radiology

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What is the scope of this standard practice?

What is the scope of this standard practice?

What materials can be used to fabricate the wire IQIs?

What materials can be used to fabricate the wire IQIs?

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

Standard Practice for

1. Scope Shapes [Metric] (Withdrawn 2002)4

FIG. 1 Set A/Alternate 1

FIG. 2 Set A/Alternate 2

FIG. 3 Set B/Alternate 1

FIG. 4 Set B/Alternate 2

FIG. 5 Set C/Alternate 1

FIG. 6 Set C/Alternate 2

FIG. 7 Set D/Alternate 1

FIG. 8 Set D/Alternate 2

A1. ALTERNATE IQI IDENTIFICATION

A1.1 The use of IQI’s with identifications as shown on Figs.

FIG. A1.1 Set A/Alternate 1

FIG. A1.2 Set A/Alternate 2

FIG. A1.3 Set B/Alternate 1

FIG. A1.4 Set B/Alternate 2

FIG. A1.5 Set C/Alternate 1

FIG. A1.6 Set C/Alternate 2

FIG. A1.7 Set D/Alternate 1

FIG. A1.8 Set D/Alternate 2

X1. CALCULATION OF EQUIVALENT WIRE IDENTITIES FOR PLAQUE HOLE IDENTITIES

TABLE X1.1 Determination of Equivalent Wire Diameter in

15 0.080 2.032 176 124 88

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