Reading For Islamic Studies

READINGS FOR ISLAMIC
STUDIES
Pengarang
Drs. Giyoto, M.Hum.
Desain Cover dan Tata Letak

Sudigdo, A.Md
Cetakan
Cetakan ke-1, September 2006
Penerbit
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i
PREFACE
We praise to God that the writers are able to complete this

book. We also wish to acknowledge our appreciation to the Head of
STAIN Surakarta for giving us great supports to finish this book.
This book is designed to develop reading skills and to expand
vocabularies particularly in Islamic Studies. The writers present the
texts from books and encyclopedias. It covers a wide range subject
matter of Islam to expose the students to various contents of Islamic
terms. The book is enriched by exercises of grammar used, vocabulary
enrichment and other exercises related to the texts. To develop the
capabilities of the students, this book is divided into two parts; each
part has different level of difficulty.
The purpose of this book is to provide the students better
understanding of Islamic texts written in English after reading all
materials and all the exercises given. It aims at the understanding of
how competence in reading will be developed in Islamic texts.
Last but not least, the writers are sure that criticisms and
suggestions from anybody will enrich and make this book better.
Surakarta, September 19, 2006

Budiasih, S.Pd
Rochmat Budi Santosa, M. Pd
Drs. Giyoto, M. Hum
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface……………………………………………………… i
Table of Content……………………………………………. ii
Part One
Chapter I : Prophet Muhammad………………………. 1
Chapter II : Allah The God…………………………….. 4
Chapter III : Allah Knows Everything………………….. 8
Chapter IV : Faith……………………………………….. 12
Chapter V : The Quran…………………………………. 16
Chapter VI : Books of Allah…………………………….. 20
Chapter VII : The Angels………………………………… 24
Chapter VIII : Life after Death…………………………… 29
Chapter IX : An Approach to Study Religion…………… 37
Chapter X : The Beginning of Revelation……………… 44
Chapter XI : Dawn of Islam……………………………... 52
Chapter XII : The Day of Peace………………………….. 59
Chapter XIII : Prayer during Travel………………………. 66
Chapter XIV : Fasting in Islam……………………………. 75
Part Two
Chapter I : Economic Principles of Islam……………… 85
Chapter II : The Problem of Equality…………………… 89
Chapter III : Social Justice………………………………. 94
Chapter IV : Obligations and Restrictions……………….. 100
Chapter V : The Spiritual System of Islam……………... 105
Chapter VI : Criterion of Moral Development…………… 111
Chapter VII : Road to Spirituality (1)…………………….. 116
Chapter VIII : Road to Spirituality (2)……………………... 121
Chapter IX : The Prophet’s Period……………………….. 126
Chapter X : The Madinah Charter……………………….. 131
Chapter XI : The Hudaybiyyah Agreement………………. 136
Chapter XII : The Prophet and Consultation (Musyawarah 1) 141
Chapter XIII : The Prophet and Consultation (Musyawarah 2) 148
Chapter XIV : The Relationship between Ruler and People.. 153
References……………………………………………………. 159
iii
CHAPTER I
PROPHET MUHAMMAD
The Arab people were invited by Muhammad to accept Islam.
Some responded favorably, but most of them rejected Islam. They also
turned against him. In 622 A.D. Muhammad migrated to Medina. It
was in the 12th year of his prophet hood. In Medina he was accepted
as a leader of an Islamic state. There he established the foundations of
the relation among Moslem people and between Moslem and
non-Moslem people in general.
The Islamic calendar begins from the time of migration.
Migration in Arabic is "Hijrah". In Mecca he tried to establish belief
in One God among Arabic people. In Medina he tried to establish a
social life among many different people. Muhammad continued to
preach Islam in Medina. He worked with unmatched patience and
great wisdom.
A short time after his death the message of Islam spread to most
parts of the world. Islam contributes to world history. It also
contributes to civilization and scientific development. Today, about
1,000 million Muslims all over the world accept Islam.
A. Vocabulary
to respond : menjawab
to reject : menolak
to migrate : pindah,hijrah
to establish : mendirikan
to contribute : melanjutkan
development : perkembangan
B. Exercises
Answer the following questions
1. Who did invite the Arab people to accept Islam?
2. Did all of the people reject Islam?
3. When did Muhammad migrate to Medina?
1
4. What did he do in Medina?
5. What was he in Medina?
6. What did Muhammad do in Mecca?
7. How did Muhammad work in preaching Islam in Medina?
8. Did Islam spray to all over the world after Muhammad’s death?
9. What are the contributions of Islam to the world?
10. How large is the Moslems population today?
C. Grammar Used
Passive Voice
The Arab people were invited by Muhammad to accept Islam.
Muhammad was accepted as a leader of an Islamic state.
The Arab people were invited by Muhammad

Muhammad was accepted as a leader
1. The rules ……………………….. by the formers. (make)

2. A social life among many different people
…………………………. in Medina. (establish)
3. The migration …………………….. from 1978 by the leader of
the country. (begin)
4. Most of the students …………………… the violence of war.
(reject)
5. The message ………………………. under the book. (put)
6. The articles ………………………. from the Jakarta post. (take)
7. The Quran ………………….. in Arabic. (write)
8. The news …………………….. by the people of the city. (hear)
9. The teachers ……………………. by the students. (look for)
10. A lot of money ……………………… in the bank. (keep)
D. Vocabulary Enrichment
Find the words in the text to fill the blanks
1. The students …………….. the new regulation in their school
because it will give advantages to them.
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2. The government prohibits the people to ……………… to the
city because it makes the city crowded.
3. Your advice is a good ……………… the couple for they will
not divorce.
4. The sales person who comes to our office is really excellent in
offering the goods but we have to ………….. them because the
quality of the goods are not good.
5. Your …………….. will be useful when you have to face big
problem in your work place.
E. Reference
Reference is the relationship between words and the things, actions,
and qualities they stand for.
Muhammad invited the Arab people to accept Islam. Some of them
accepted it. The word it refers to Islam.
Look at the text!

1. Some responded favorably, but most of them rejected Islam.
Some refers to ………………….
2. They also turned against him. They refers to ………………..
3. In Medina he was accepted as the leader of an Islamic state.
He refers to …………………
4. In Medina he tried to establish a social life among different
people. He refers to ……………….
5. A short time after his death the message spread to most
parts of the world. His refers to ……………
F. Fill in the blanks using the italicized words provided!
Wife revered Christianity show daughters
Fatima was one of the ………… of the Prophet Muhammad, the

…………. of Ali, and in Muslim tradition, the ancestor of the Fatima
caliphs and of the imams of the Shiite branch of Islam. She is …….
By all Muslims and is the subject of many legends; the Shiites often
……… her a devotion equivalent to that accorded the virgin Mary in
……….
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CHAPTER II
ALLAH THE GOD
God is the lord of universe. He is the creator of the universe. He
creates the world for us and also creates us in the best form. In Arabic,
God is called Allah. Allah is the proper name for the one and only
God. Therefore, God is one and Almighty. There is no one like him
and he has no Partner, children or parents. He is eternal and knows
everything. God is great as well as merciful. He is kind, loving and
provides us with everything. God sent Prophets to guide us, from
Adam, the first prophet to Muhammad the last Prophet. The prophets
told us how to thank God and obey him. They also taught us how to
live like good human beings, be happy and successful. Therefore, we
have to believe in God, thank him and obey him.
A. Vocabulary
To create : mencipta
Eternal : abadi
Merciful : Maha Pengasih
To provide : menyediakan
To guide : membimbing
To obey : mentaati
B. Exercises
Answer the following Questions
1. Is God the creator of the universe?
2. What are the characteristics of God?
3. Why is God called eternal?
4. Why did God send prophet to us?
5. What did the prophet tell us?
6. What must we do to God?
7. Who is Adam?
8. Did the prophets tell us to disbelieve to God?
9. Is God merciful?
10. Why is God called Almighty?
4
C . Grammar Used
Simple Present Tense and Simple Past tense
Simple Present Tense
He creates the world for us

He knows everything
He provides us with everything
1. Allah …………….. people who obey Him (love)

2. Moslems …………….. five times a day (pray)
3. An Islamic School ……………… Islamic education to the
students (give)
4. We …………. Good leader in this country (have)
5. He …………… the book to my house (send)
6. Someone ……………… a letter in that room (write)
7. Mr. Ahmad and his friends …………….. a mosque in this
village (build)
8. She ……………….. in Mecca for 15 years (live)
9. The leaders of the countries …………….. the Indonesian
independence day (commemorate)
10. One of the students in this school ………………. From Cairo
(come)
Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense is used to express something that happened at the
past time.
God sent prophets

The prophets told us
They taught us
1. Prophet Muhammad ……………… us to better lives (guide)

2. The teacher …………….. some students cheated during the
examination (see)
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3. God ……………. Prophet Muhammad as the leader (send)
4. The students …………… the Quran (read)
5. The teacher ……………. The students how to read Quran
(teach)
6. Mr. Abdullah …………… a mosque two years ago (build)
7. Three years ago, the family …………… to Mecca (go)
8. Before the war, people ………………. goods in this place
(sell)
9. They ……………… in Baghdad three months ago (live)
10. He ……………. Islamic Studies in Al-Azhar (learn)
Find the word in the text to fill the blanks
1. Who did ………….. the universe?
2. The officer ………… the messages to my mother.
3. No one is ………… because they will die.
4. Mr. Bolkiah …………… the students in this school five years
ago.
5. We have to …………. The rule of Islam.
6. Moslems only …………. In God, not the others.
7. You should give apologize to him. It means you are ………….
8. This library ………… us many Islamic books.
9. The prophet …………. us to do our responsibilities.
10. The god gives us many things in this world. We have to
…………. Him for our lives.
E. Fill in the blanks using the italicized words provided!
Angelic perfection revelation the recipient the

Gospel
The Law belief received
According to Muslim ………, God sent Muhammad as a messenger

(rasul or “apostle”) from among the Arabs, bringing a ……….. in
“clear Arabic” (Koran 26: 192-95); thus, as other people had received
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their messenger, so the Arabs ……….. theirs. As one who had lived
“a lifetime” among them before his calling (10:16), however,
Muhammad was rejected by many because he was simply a man
among men and not an …….. being (6:50 18:110). As Moses had
brought ………… and Jesus had received …………, the Prophet (al-
nabi) Muhammad was ……….. of the Koran. He is “the Seal of the
Prophets” (33:40), and the Koran is the ………… of all previous
revelations.
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CHAPTER III
ALLAH KNOWS EVERYTHING
Mr. 'Abdullah had three sons, the oldest was 'All, the second
was Ahmad and the youngest was Hasan. He loved his sons very
much and he wanted them to be good Moslems when they grew up.
As a father, Mr. Abdullah was a good Moslem so that his sons could
regard him as their model.
One day Mr. 'Abdullah tested his sons to know their belief in
God. He gave his sons some cake and asked them to eat it in a place
where no one could see them. 'All took the cake and he went to his
room. He shut the door and ate the cake. He thought that no one could
see him. Ahmad went to a cave near his house. It was dark in the cave.
He was sure that nobody was there who could see him. He ate the
cake in the darkness of the cave. Hasan thought and thought about
finding a place where nobody could see him. He thought that there
was no such place. He remembered that Allah could always see him.
So he did not eat the cake.
‘Ali and Ahmad came back to their father and told him about
what they did. Hasan came back and returned the cake to his father
and said that there was no place which was secret from Allah. Mr.
'Abdullah was very pleased with Hasan and told his two sons to learn
a lesson from their brother, Hasan. He said that Allah knew
everything, saw everything and was with them all the time. So, it was
said, they should not do anything bad even in secret.
A. Vocabulary
to grow up : dewasa
a cave : gua
to regard : menganggap
secret : rahasia
to return : mngembalikan
to be pleased : senang
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B. Exercise
Answer the following questions
1. How many sons did Mr. Abdullah have?
2. What did Mr. Abdullah want when his children grew up?
3. What did Mr. Abdullah expect from his children?
4. What did Mr. Abdullah do to know his sons belief in God?
5. What did Mr. Abdullah give to the children and what did he
want them to do?
6. Where did Ali go?
7. What did he do? Why?
8. Where did Ahmad go? Why?
9. Did Hasan do the same thing? Why?
10. What lesson did Mr. Abdullah give to their children?
C. Grammar Used
Comparison
Ahmad is older than Hasan.
Hasan was the youngest.
Ahmad is older than Hasan but Ali is the oldest.
Fatima is more diligent than Zahra but Aida is the most diligent.
Young - younger - youngest

Old - older - oldest
Big - bigger - biggest
Tall - taller - tallest
Expensive - more expensive - most expensive

Beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful
Good - better - best

Bad - worse - worst
Little - less - least
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Fill in the blanks using the appropriate comparison.
1. Abdullah was ………. among his friends. (handsome)
2. Hakim is …….. than Tama but Isna is ……. (strong)
3. This book is ……….. that one. (interesting)
4. Her mark is ……… mine but his mark is ………. (bad)
5. Ali is …….. student in this class. (clever)
6. This ruler is ……….. that one but the ruler on the wall is
…………among the others. (long)
7. My house is ……… your house. (far)
8. My homework was ………. Yours. (easy)
9. She speaks ……… the teacher. (loud)
10. I choose this house because it is …….. (big)
Find the word in the text to fill the blanks
1. Sometimes, a tiger sleeps in a ………….
2. If you borrow something from your friends, you have to
………… it.
3. Mr. Mahmud ………… from his journey last month.
4. This room is …………, I need a light to read the letter.
5. She ………… well. She became a healthy child.
6. I have to keep the ………….because I have promised to her.
7. Would you please ……….the window? It is very cold.
8. Failure is a good …………for you to face your life.
9. The poor people are …………when we give them some
money.
10. Mrs. Fauziah is a wise person. Her friends …………her as a
good mother.
Recognized death medicine eighth

monotheistic Albania
Asia Iran Spain Mediterranean
10
During remainder of Muhammad’s life and in the years after his
………., the Islamic religion spread across the eastern …………and
North Africa and into parts of Europe. Islam forbade wars of
aggression, but ………….the right defensive war and did not hesitate
to suppress polytheism, while tolerating other ………religions among
conquered populations. During the seventh and ……….centuries
Muslims occupied Portugal and ……….and a part of present-day
France. Islam also spread across all of the Arabian peninsula, across
large parts of Asia-covering present-day Turkey, Iraq,
……….,Afghanistan, and Pakistan and parts of India, Malaya, and
Indonesia-and into China. Though Muslims were later driven from
France, Spain, and Portugal, Muslims influence remained in the
architecture, ………….and philosophy of medieval Europe. At
present, there are large numbers of Muslims in parts of southern and
eastern Europe-Bosnia, …………, Bulgaria-as well as Africa and
………
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CHAPTER IV
FAITH
A Muslim believes in Allah and he expresses his belief in words,
plants it in the heart and actualizes it in deed. This faith is expressed in
detail by two kinds of expression: general and specific.
As a general faith, a Muslim believes in Allah with all His
names and attributes, and he accepts all His commands. There are
ninety-nine attributes and names of Allah and a Muslim believes in all
His attributes. Allah is All-Powerful, The All-Knowing and The
Creator of the universe. A Muslim regards Him as the only Ruler and
Master. A Muslim has to depend upon Allah's mercy alone.
A specific faith or faith in detail is that a Muslim believes in
Allah, His angels, His Holy books, all of His prophets, the day of
judgment and life after death, and the fact that good and evil all come
from Him. A true Muslim believes in all of these articles of faith, and
follows the last prophet in his actions. The teaching of the last prophet
is known in full detail; either it is written in the Qur'an, the final book,
or in Sunnah. The faith gives human beings peace and security.
A. Vocabulary
Faith : keimanan
Deed : perbuatan
to express : menyatakan
attribute : sifat
to plant : menanamkan
to regard : menganggap
B. Exercises
Answer the following questions based on the text!
1. What is meant by “Muslim?”
2. How can belief be expressed?
3. What is general faith?
4. How many attributes does God have?
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5. Mention some God’s attributes!
6. How does a muslem regard God?
7. What is specific faith?
8. What are the articles of faith?
9. What should a muslem do with this faith?
10. Where can we find the teachings of Islam?
C. Grammar Used
We use the present simple for things that are true in general, or for
things that happen sometimes or all the time.
A muslim believes in Allah.

We pray five times a day.
A true muslim follows the last prophet in his actions.
1. A good mother ………..her children to prepare their study.

(help)
2. The prophet and his followers …………in God. (believe)
3. Maryam and Hanifa ……….Koran everyday. (read)
4. The student ………..the report in the library. (make)
5. Mr. Ghani ………Arabic well. (speak)
6. Ahmad and his friend ………..listening to the radio. (enjoy)
7. Every muslim ………….his own duty. (have)
8. Ibnu ……….a beautiful mosque in Mecca. (see)
9. My sister ………..in her room. (pray)
10. He ………..her body on the floor. (lay)
Underline and Correct the verbs that are wrong!

The Sharia is the divine law in Islam. It encompass every aspect
of Muslim private life, social transactions, piety and rituals. Muslims
views the Sharia as a guide by which to live, and, more importantly, as
the will of God. A Muslim is a Muslim by virtue of following the
Sharia, which informed every area of Muslim life from birth to death
with Islamic values. As such, it integrate mundane activities with
13
concern for the sacred and creates a temporal order conducive to
pursuit of spiritual concerns and salvation. The Sharia provide
guidance for Muslim conduct in every situation. In so doing, it divide
all acts into five categories: obligatory, recommended, reprehensible,
forbidden, and neutral or permitted.
The Sharia are rooted in the Koran, the Prophet’s sayings
(hadith), and traditions (sunna), argument from the consensus of the
Muslim community (ijma) and argument from analogy (qiyas). All
Muslims agrees that these constitute the sources of Islamic law, but
differ on their application. These differences has led to emergence of
four schools of Islamic law within the Sunnite community.
Find the similar words from the text!
1. realize : …………………
2. particular : …………………
3. loyal : …………………
4. rely on : …………………
5. last : …………………
6. reality : …………………
7. maker : …………………
8. common : …………………
Mosque venerated Kaaba courtyard

Built Ishmael prayers sacred
Kaaba (Arabic, “a square building), Islam’s most …………sanctuary

and pilgrimage shrine, is located in the ………. Of the Great
………….. of Mecca. According to the Koran, the cubic-shaped
structure was ………….by Adam according to a divine plan and
rebuilt by Abraham and ………… A trough in which they reputedly
mixed mortar stands near the door and is popular place of prayer. The
……….houses the Black Stone, the most …………object for
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Muslims. Probably of meteoric origin, the stone is reputed to have
been given to Ishmael by the angel Gabriel. When Muhammad began
to preach to the Meccans, the Kaaba was a shrine for the pagan deities
of Arabs. After the Prophet established control of Mecca, the shrine
was rededicated to Allah. All Muslims face toward Kaaba during their
daily…………
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CHAPTER V
THE QURAN
The Quran is the book of Allah. Every word of the Quran is the
word of Allah. It is a book of Guidance. It is preserved in its original
form. Not a single word of it has been changed or lost. It is found
today exactly as it was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h).
How was the Quran revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h)?
Allah revealed the Quran through the Angel Gabriel. Gabriel passed
on Allah’s words to Muhammad (p.b.u.h), then Muhammad (p.b.u.h)
asked his secretary to write down exactly what Gabriel told him.
The revelation was completed over a period of 23 years. Some
muslims learn the whole of the Quran by heart, but all Muslims learn
parts of the Quran by heart. It is preserved through memory as well as
writing. It was written down from the very beginning. Allah has given
His protection to it and it will always be preserved. Nobody can
change it, as was said by Allah, “Allah sent it and will protect it”
The Quran is the Final book sent by Allah, it is a great and noble
book. It was revealed in the Arabic language in a beautiful style. Its
rhyme and rhythm are beautiful. The Quran is a wonderful book of
guidance. It gives us a good feeling to read it. Its message is full of
life. In other words, the Quran tells us how to serve and worship God.
It also tells us how to live a life of virtue. The quran tells us how to be
good and give up bad habits. It tells us how to behave at home, how to
behave with our parents, brothers, sisters, friends, neighbors, and
strangers. It tells us how to behave towards other people. It is a book
for all men and women in all parts of the world and for all times. It is
the book of complete guidance. It is the true guidance for all mankind.
Allah asked us to read the Quran and follow what it says. A Muslim
believes ain the Quran, reads it daily, understand its meaning and tries
to follow it in his life. We will be happy and successful if we obey
Allah’s commands which are written in Quran.
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A. Vocabulary
to preserve : menjaga, melestarikan
to reveal : mewahyukan
to complete : menyempurnakan
to change : mengubah
to serve : mengabdi
habit : kebiasaan
stranger : orang asing
noble : mulia, terhormat, bangsawan
B. Exercise
1. What is the Quran?
2. How was Quran revealed to Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h)?
3. What did the Angel Gabriel do with the Quran?
4. How was the Quran preserved?
5 Was the Quran guaranteed to be original forever? Explain
5. What is special about Quran?
6. What is the main message of the Quran?
7. Do we have to worship God? Why?
8. What must be done by muslims with the Quran?
9. What will we receive if we follow what Allah said in the
Quran?
C. Grammar Used
Personal Pronoun
Pronoun is a word that takes place of a noun. We can use a pronoun
instead of repeating one or more nouns. Personal Pronouns are used to
refer to person or thing.
Subject Object Poss. Adj Poss. Pron

Singular I me My mine
You you Yours yours
He him His his
She her Her hers
It it Its it
We us Our our
Plural You you Your yours
They them Their theirs
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Examples
1. Abdullah is a good student. He studies in STAIN Surakarta.
2. I don’t want these books. You can have them.
3. My father works in a large company. He loves his job.
4. The car is big. It is mine.
Fill in the blanks using appropriate pronouns!

1. Mr. Amir is the headmaster of this school. ……….is from
Surabaya.
2. I want to phone Aminah. Do you know ………..phone
number?
3. They live with ………..parents in Yogyakarta.
4. Mrs. Yuni has a brother and a sister. …………brother is 25
and …………..sister is 21.
5. “Do you know that man?” “Yes. I know ………..but I can’t
remember ……….name.
6. “Where is my key? Do you see ………?”
7. She was very pleased because we invited …….. to stay with
……… at ………home.
8. My friends want to see Ahmad but …………don’t want to see
his brother.
9. I left my books here. Did see ………?
10. These are my new shoes. …………are very expensive.
Fill in the blanks with words from the text!
1. We have to find the ……….book. This one is imitative.
2. God …………Quran for the guidance of people in the world.
3. The students who didn’t …………..the task should report their
observation.
4. The children will have an examination tomorrow. They
………the definition of the subject by heart.
5. You must ……….this file from the people who will misuse
the document.
6. The host ………..us well when we came to his house.
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7. He is a hard worker. He never ………… when he finds
difficulties.
8. She is really good in studying. I will ………..her tips in order
to make me better.
9. The parents should teach their students how to……….. outside
the house.
10. We only …………in Allah as our God.
Placed suppressed became reenter
Gaining support in Medina, Muhammad sought to ……….Mecca with

his message. Conquering the city without a major battle,
Muhammad’s followers ……….its polytheistic worship, cleansing the
Ka’ba of all of its religious images and relic, with the exception of the
black stone. The stone, in Muslim teaching, had been ………there by
Abraham, forefather of Arabs as well as Jews, as a symbol of Allah;
thus the Ka’ba became the holiest shrine of the new religion, and
Mecca and Medina ……..holy cities.
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CHAPTER VI
BOOKS OF ALLAH
Allah sent prophets and messengers to show us the right path.
God, the Kind and Loving Creator, also sent books for guidance. He
sent them to His messengers. These books are called the Books of
Allah. Allah sent the books through the angel Gabriel. Books of
guidance sent by Allah are also called books of revelation. Revelation
is "wahyu" in Arabic. There are four books of Allah mentioned in the
Qur'an. They are the Tawrah, Zabur (Psalms), Injil (Gospel) and the
Qur'an Tawrah was sent to the prophet Moses, the Psalms was sent to
the prophet David and the Gospel to the prophet Jesus. The last book
of Allah and the most comprehensive was sent down to the, last
prophet, Muhammad (p.b.u.h.), its name is the Qur'an. We know the
names of the books of the books of Allah from the Qur'an. There was
also the "sahifa" or scroll, a kind of book which was given to the
prophet Abraham. The scroll of Abraham cannot be found now.
The original books or parts of the books given to the prophets
before Muhammad were either lost or changed. The people took away
the originals of the books and added their own words to Allah's words.
This is why we do not have these books as they were revealed. The
Qur'an. is the last and the most complete book of guidance from Allah.
It is not only for a certain group of people and a certain period of time,
but it is for all people, all races and nations and for all times. It is with
us today, without any change, with nothing added or taken away. It is
the last book of guidance for mankind.
A. Vocabulary
messenger : rasul
path : jalan
to mention : menyebut
original : asli
guidance : petunjuk
race : suku bangsa
revelation : wahyu
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B. Exercise
1. What is the purpose of Allah to send the prophets and the
messenger?
2. What did God send to us beside the prophets and the
messenger?
3. To whom did the books send?
4. What is the other name of the books that were sent by Allah?
5. What is the last book that was sent by Allah?
6. What did happen to the original books or parts of the books
given to the prophets before Muhammad?
7. What is the book that was given to the prophet Abraham that
cannot be found now?
8. Is Quran in incomplete?
9. The Quran is different from other previous books. What are
the differences?
10. Are the any changes on Quran today?
C. Grammar Used
Relative Clause
I’m pointing to THE STUDENT. THE STUDENT sees Mira.

I’m pointing to the student who sees Mira.
I’m pointing to THE MAN. Mira sees THE MAN.

I’m pointing to the man whom Mira sees.
Ahmad bought THE MAN’s car.

The man whose car was bought by Ahmad is my uncle.
I like THE CAT. Its color is black.

I like the cat which color is black.
21
Fill in the blanks using who. whom, whose or which!
1. The man ……….is standing under the tree is my friend.
2. I see a girl ……….you talk about.
3. The students arrange the books …………are put on the table.
4. The beautiful woman …………husband is from Iraq is my
neighbor.
5. Would you introduce the manager ………..your wife speaks
with?
6. My family likes a cat ………..tail is long.
7. Did you meet the teacher ………….bag is red?
8. Mr. Burhan ……….works in his office is very handsome.
9. One of my friends …………always plays a truant lives in
Solo.
10. Look at them. They are the basketball players ………….my
sisters like a lot.
1. The children walk on the …………of the village.
2. Although his name is Aminuddin, he is ………… Unyil.
3. All the police try to find the child who ………… in the forest.
4. I put my papers on the table. But I did not find them.
Somebody ………….my papers.
5. To complete the task, the students should …………their
observation at the end of the report.
6. The seminar is divided into three ………..of time. The first is
the presentations.
7. The lives of the people in the refugee is not ……….. They do
not know what will happen to them to the next day.
8. If we want to make our school better, we have to ………….the
old rule of this institution so that we can build new image of
this school.
9. It is not wise to differ people from their ………..because we
are same in the God’s view.
10. It is your turn to …………..the name of the prophets.
22
Symbolize prayer boys anywhere

Friday times attend tower
The second duty for Muslims is to offer ………….to Allah, at

prescribed times, five ……….daily. Although ideally prayer is best
offered in a mosque (a building dedicated to the worship of Allah),
Muslims can pray ……….. In Muslim countries followers are
summoned to prayer, usually from the ……….of a mosque. In prayer,
Muslims, facing toward Mecca, prostrate themselves to ………..their
total submission to Allah, usually on a specially designed rug (to
symbolize or confer sacredness on the site where the prayer is made).
Though women may ……..services at mosques, it is especially
important for men to do so; and if at all possible, men and
………….are present in the mosque for prayer at midday on ………..,
when an imam—a mosque official—leads the worship.
23
CHAPTER VII
THE ANGELS
Allah has created everything whether physical or spiritual
beings. The angels are spiritual beings created by Allah. The angels
are the creation of Allah, they are not His partners. They are His
servants created from light.
Because the angels are spiritual beings, they are invisible. The
angels always obey the commands of Allah and carry out His orders.
There are different angels who are engaged in different duties. Some
are engaged In keeping records of all our actions; some others brought
the message of God to the prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.). The famous
angels constantly occupied in carrying out Allah's order are Gabriel,
lzrail, Israfil and Mikael (Michael). Belief in Angels is one of the
pillars of Islamic faith. We have to believe in the angels and it is a part
of our belief as Moslems The prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) was given
the power to see and to talk with the angel Gabriel.
A. Vocabulary
partner : sekutu
servant : abdi
carry out : melaksanalan
invisible : gaib
to engage : bertugas
duty : kewajiban
B. Exercise
1. What has Allah created?
2. What was the angels created from?
3. Are the angels visible?
4. What are the duties of angels in general?
5. Who are the famous angels occupying in carrying out Allah’s
order?
6. Why do we have to believe in Angels?
24
7. Who was the person given the power to see and to talk with
the angel Gabriel?
8. What does the angel Gabriel do?
9. What must a muslim do relating to the angels?
10. Is the position of angels equal to God?
C. Grammar Used
Noun
Plural and Singular
- The plural form of suffix –es/s
The dog caught the cat.
The dogs caught the cats.
The horse runs quickly.
The horses run quickly.
Nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant usually form the
plural by changing the y to i before adding –es
country – countries
cry – cries
Some nouns have irregular plurals
Ox – oxen
Child – children
Foot – feet
Some nouns have the same form for both singular and plural
Sheep – sheep
Deer – deer
Copy these sentences by using the plural form for each noun!
Example : My (sister) read books.
My sisters read some books.
1. Amir is cleaning his (tooth).
2. The (child) bring some (candy)
3. My mother cuts the (carrot) using (knife).
4. She brought two (box) of (dish).
5. Do you like (tomato)? They are put under the (table)
6. The (woman) cry overnight because her new (dictionary) is
taken by her friend.
25
7. The (police) are here. They will arrest the (thief)
8. The (lady) eat (sandwich) in the dining room.
9. There are a lot of (fish) that are sold in the (market).
10. Lets catch the (mouse) They are very dangerous.
Some sentences are right but most are wrong. Correct the sentences
that are wrong.
Example : I’m going to buy some flower. I’m going to buy some
flowers.
1. It’s a lovely park with a lot of beautiful tree.

2. There was a woman in the car with two mens.
3. Sheep eat grass.
4. David is married and has three childs.
5. Most of my friend are student.
6. He put on his pyjama and went to bed.
7. We went fishing but we didn’t catch many fish.
8. I like your trouser. Where did you get it?
9. The town center is usually full of tourist.
10. This scissor isn’t very sharp.
1. We can see human with our eyes but angels are …………. We
cannot see them.
2. Mr. Joyo has two …………who help him to do daily work.
3. If you still want to work in here, you have to ……….the rules
of this company.
4. The students give the …………of their experiments.
5. We have our own………..and we have to be responsible of it.
6. The police ………..the message from the court yesterday.
7. We have walked for three hours and we need more
…………to continue our journey.
8. I always work with Sita. She is my …………..at my office.
9. All of the staffs should …………….what the boss said.
10. Elvis Presley is a very …………..singer up to now.
26
Basis believe Jews

Humanity covenant monotheism
Judaism was the first religion to teach …….., or believe in one God.
This belief is the ……….of Judaism and is summed up in the opening
words of the Shema, recited daily: “Hear O Israel, the Lord our God,
the Lord is One”. Jews ………that God’s providence extends to all
people but that God entered into a special ………..with the ancient
Israelites. They do not believe that they were chosen for any special
privileges but rather to bring God’s message to …………by their
example. Belief in a coming messiah has been a source of optimism
for………….
27
Before reading the passage, answer the following questions!
1. As a good Moslem you must believe in life after death, How do
you believe it?
2. What must we prepare to live in the life after death?
3. Do you know when the life after death begins?
28
CHAPTER VIII
LIFE AFTER DEATH
One of the articles of faith in Islam is belief in life after death.
The prophet has shown us the path of obedience, peace and happiness.
It depends on us to follow the prophet or to follow the devil. We are
free to choose the path to paradise and happiness or the path to hell
and misery. The ways to hell are the ways of the devil which are the
ways of evil.
Life on this earth is very short. This should be utilized properly
by obeying the will of God and pursuing the wishes of Allah. One day
all lives in this world will come to an end and all creatures will die.
Then there will be the Day of Judgment when Allah will ask us what
we did in the world. Every man will be judged. Those who obey Allah
and follow the prophets will go to paradise. Those who disobey Allah
and follow the devil will go to hell.
Life in paradise will be a life of peace and happiness which
will never end. Those who go to hell will live there in pain and
suffering.
Life in hell will be miserable, sad and horrible. Belief in life
after death is part of the Muslim faith. May Allah protect the believers
from hell and reward them with His mercy and paradise.
A. Vocabulary
Life after death : hidup setelah mati
Devil : syaitan
Obedience : ketaatan
To utilize : memanfaatkan
To pursue : mencari
To suffer : menderita
Evil : kejahatan
A misery : kesengsaraan
Horrible : menakutkan
29
B. Exercise
Exercise 1
Answer the following questions according to the text
1. What is one of the articles of the faith in Islam?
2. What has the prophet shown us?
3. Are we free to choose the path we follow?
4. Which path should we follow?
5. How can you compare life in the world and life in the hereafter?
6. What should we do knowing this?
7. What is the Day of Judgment?
8. What will happen if we follow the teachings of the prophet and if
we do not?
9. What is the life like in paradise and in hell?
10. What do believers ask God?
Exercise 2
Choose the correct answer of the following questions!
1. For us the path of obedience, peace, and happiness are ….
A. shown by the prophets.
B. shown by the devil.
C. the ways of evil.
D. the ways to hell.
2. Because the life on earth is very short, we should ….
A. utilized it improperly.
B. disobey the will of God
C. not pursuing the wishes of Allah
D. obey the will of God and pursuing the wishes of Allah.
3. Who will go to paradise?
A. Those who disobey Allah
B. Those who follow the devil
C. Those who do not follow the prophets
D. Those who obey Allah and follow the prophets
4. Life in paradise will be as the following, EXCEPT….
A. a life of peace
B. a life of happiness
C. never end
D. be suffering
30
5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE ?
A. life on the earth is very short.
B. All lives in this world will come to an end.
C. All creatures will die.
D. There will be no the Day of Judgment.
Exercise 3
Text Discussion. Fill in the blanks by referring to the description in
the text!
1. The definition of life after death :
……………………………………………………………………
2. The comparison between two lives:
A. life in the world : ………………………………………………
B. Life after death: ………………………………………………
3. The characteristics of life after death:
…………………………………..…………………………………
4. Procedures to be taken in achieving a better life after death :
……………………………………………………………………
5. The border line between two lives:
……………………………………………………………………
6. The life in paradise and in hell:
………………………………………….…………………………
7. The expectation of Moslems:
…………………………………………….………………………
Exercise 4
Explain the underlined words by referring to the context!
1. “This should be utilized properly by obeying the will of God and
pursuing the wishes of Allah.” The underlined word refers to ….
2. “May Allah protect the believers from hell and reward them with
His mercy and paradise.” The underlined word refers to ….
3. “May Allah protect the believers from hell and reward them with
His mercy and paradise.” The underlined word refers to ….
31
C. Grammar Used
PREPOSITION
Preposition is a word used with noun, pronoun, gerund to link with
other words.
Example:
a. One of the article of faith.
b. The path of obedience.
c. It depends on us to choose.
d. The life in life after death.
e. We did in the world.
Put the Proper Preposition in the Following Sentences!

1. One … Islamic principles is believe in the life after death
2. Before we go to the mosque we perform wudlu and put … the
clean clothes.
3. We all stand …………. Imam when we pray.
4. Every Muslim should believe …. Allah.
5. I come …. a small family in the village.
Complete the Following Passage Using the Appropriate

Preposition!
The sun was shining brightly. Nashreddin and his friend were
going … the market. They walked through the streets …… which
there were no trees at all. They felt hot and thirsty. The wanted to buy
a glass …. milk but they did not have enough money. Then they
collected their money and bought a glass of milk …. it. Before buying
the milk, they promised ….. share the milk.
“Now, let’s share the drink. You’ll drink half a glass and I will
drink the rest.” Said Nashreddin.
His friend said, “you drink first, Nashreddin.”
“Why?” Nashreddin asked.
“I bring …. little gugar with me. This is enough …. half a
glass of milk only. I’ll put the sugar ….. my share only,” said his
friend.
32
“Put it into the milk, now. I ‘ll drink half …. glass,” said
Nashreddin.
“No, this sugar is enough for half a glass only.”
Then Nashreddin ran …. the small shop nearby and bought a
pack …. salt that was very cheap . Then he went back …. his
friend.
“There is good news …. you,” said he. “As we have agreed I’ll
drink my share first. Since I have a pack of salt, I’ll put it …. the milk.
I’ll drink first and then you. You can put your sugar after I drink my
milk with my salt.”
DISCOURSE MARKER
Discourse is a term used by grammarians to talk about “larger pieces
of speech and writing: stretches of language longer than a sentence.”
(Michael Swan: 1987)
To list ideas in time order or order of importance

- first (second, etc.)
- first of all, then, next, finally
To add another idea

- Furthermore
- in addition Moreover
- and
To add an opposite idea

- on the other hand
- However
- But
- Although
- even though
To add a similar idea

- Similarly
- Likewise
- Also
- and
33
To give an example
- For example
- For instance
To give a cause(reason)
- for
- because
- as
- since
to give an effect (result)

- therefore
- consequently
- so
To add a conclusion
- in conclusion
- In brief
Let’s review how coordinators, sentence connectors, and

subordinators are used to combine sentence.
Coordinators (coordinating conjunctions) make compound sentences

from two independent clause:
and
or
but
Independent clause, for + independent clause
so
yet
nor
I like to swim, but I don’t like to jog.

Swimming is a good exercise, so I swim everyday.
34
Some sentence connectors can be used with a semicolon and a comma
to join two independent clauses into a compound sentence, or they can
be used at the beginning of a sentence with a comma only.
furthermore
in addition
Independent clause; moreover + independent clause
also
Therefore
Consequently
I dislike jogging; therefore, I never do it. Or

I dislike jogging. Therefore, I never do it.
Other sentence connectors can only be used at the beginning of a

sentence and are followed by a comma.
In conclusion, + sentence
In brief,
In conclusion, everyone should exercise regularly
First,
First of all,
Second,
Third, + sentence
Then,
Next,
Finally,
First, bend at the waist, touch the floor, and count five.
Second, raise your body slowly.
Then, raise your hands above your head and count five.
Finally, drop arms to your sides.
Repeat the above exercise s six times.
35
Subordinators (subordinating conjunctions) are the first words in
dependent clauses. A dependent clause must be added to an
independent clause to make a complex sentence. Remember that the
clause can be either order. If the dependent clause is first, put a
comma after it.
Pattern one:
although
Independent clause + when + dependent clause
Because
I exercise everyday although I hate it

Walking is good for you because it exercises heart.
Pattern two:
Although
When + dependent clause, + independent clause
Because
Because I have gained ten pounds, the doctor ordered me to get into
exercise program.
36
CHAPTER IX
AN APPROACH TO STUDY RELIGION
There is a crucial about the study of religion. The question is
“Is it possible to study religion scientifically?” Religion is a social
phenomenon as are politics, economics, psychology, anthropology and
the like. These social sciences can be studied scientifically, so can
religion. Religion is a universal phenomenon and the most important
ingredient in the study of human life.
There are two approaches to the study of religion. These
approaches are linked through the unbroken line of the two extremes.
The first approach is normative and the other is descriptive. The
normative approach is based on the criteria of what is true and good
and what is bad, what one ought to do and ought not to do. This is
based on the personal internal experiences of the religion founder or
the messenger in contact with divinity; the transcendental experience.
This approach can be looked at two ways. The first one is theology,
that is an attempt to give a systematic traditional expression of
religious experience. In Islam it is called “Aqa’id”, something which
must be accepted and believed. The second way is religious ethics or
moral behavior: how to act with one’s fellow man. The second
approach is descriptive which is based on intellectual curiosity rather
than on belief.
There is a number of disciplines which will help in
understanding religion. The first is the history of religion: looking at
religious behavior historically. The second is the psychology of
religion: understanding the mental process and feeling of religious
people, and the last is the sociology of religion: trying to understand
how religious groups organized themselves, the role of religious
institutions, religious leaders, law, and the state. Using the descriptive
approach, it is possible to study religion scientifically.
37
A. Vocabulary
Crucial : penting
Curiosity : keingintahuan
Divinity : ketuhanan
Extreme : perbedaan besar
Ingredient : bahan
Transcendental : di luar pengalaman manusia.
B. Exercise
Answer the following questions according to the text!
1. What is the answer to the question about the possibility of
studying religion scientifically?
2. Why is the study of religion important for study of human
life?
3. What approaches can be used for the study of religion?
4. What is the link between these approaches?
5. What is the first approach? Explain briefly!
6. What is the basis of the approach?
7. There are two ways in this approach. What are they?
8. What is the second approach to the study of religion?
Explain briefly!
9. What disciplines are used to study religion through this
approach?
10. What is the sociology of religion?
Choose the correct answer of the following question

1. From the first paragraph, we can conclude that …..
A. Religion can not be studied scientifically.
B. Religion can be studied scientifically
C. Religion is not social phenomenon.
D. Religion is not a universal phenomenon.
2. The two approaches to the study of religion are …….
A. normative and descriptive.
B. Social and universal
C. Theology and traditional
D. Internal and external
38
3. The normative approach can be looked at two ways, they
are …….
A. theology and aqa’id
B. religious ethics and moral behavior
C. theology and religious ethics
D. moral behavior and intelectual curiosity.
4. What is “Aqa’id?”
A. something must be accepted and believed
B. religious ethics or moral behavior
C. systematic traditional expression.
D. How to act with one’s fellow man.
5. The following are the disciplines which will help in
understanding religion, EXCEPT ………
A. the history of religion
B. the psychology of religion
C. the sociology of religion
D. the science of religion
Exercise 3 Text Discussion.

Fill in the blanks by referring to the description in the text!
1. The topic talks about ………
2. According to the writer religion is considered as …., like
………
3. There are two approaches in studying religion. The first
approach has some ways of looking at religion. The second
approach has some disciplines to help the study of religion.
The study of religion

1). First approach: 1. ……….
2. ……….
2). Second approach: 1. ……….
2. ……….
4. Definition: Define the technical terminologies below.
a.). Religion :
b.) The normative approach :
39
c.) The descriptive approach :
d.) Theology :
e.) Religious ethics :
f.) Sociology of religion :
g.) Psychology of religion :
h.) History of religion :
According to Islam, religion is not only a social phenomenon but also
a guide for humanity. Explain briefly!
C. Grammar Used
Derivative Words
Is it possible to study religion scietifically?
The first is the the study of history of religion by looking at religion
historically.
Since she came late, she walked quietly into the class.
Hasan climbs the mountain wonderfully.
She studies arabic carefully.
Adverb can be formed from adjectives by adding –ly

Scientific - scientifically
Historical - historically
Beautiful - beautifully
Slow - slowly
Quick - quickly
Social - socially
There are some words ending with –ly that are not adverb: friendly,
lovely, lonely, deadly, silly, erderly.
He is friendly that most of the students know him.

The calygraphy is lovely.
She feels lonely because she doesn’t have any activities at night.
He looks silly when he doesn’t realize where he sits.
40
Fill in the blanks using these italicized words.
universal experience crucial internal
psychologically
approaches ingredient personal ethic
aqa’id
1. What is the …………. problem to discuss?

2. Onion is an important ………… for cooking.
3. What must be believed in Islam is called ……………
4. Fasting in Islam is important for us to achieve health physically
and ………..
5. There are a number of ……….in studying religion.
6. People say that …………. is the best teacher.
7. As a …………religion, Islam can be accepted all over the
world.
8. She has a ………….. experience that is unusual.
9. It is an ..……….matter, the outsider may not know it.
10. In society there is a certain ………… which we have to follow
Derivative Words
Is it possible to study religion scietifically?
The first is the the study of history of religion by looking at religion
historically.
Since she came late, she walked quietly into the class.
Hasan climbs the mountain wonderfully.
She studies arabic carefully.
Adverb can be formed from adjectives by adding –ly

Scientific - scientifically
Historical - historically
Beautiful - beautifully
Slow - slowly
Quick - quickly
Social - socially
41
There are some words ending with –ly that are not adverb: friendly,
lovely, lonely, deadly, silly, erderly.
He is friendly that most of the students know him.

The calygraphy is lovely.
She feels lonely because she doesn’t have any activities at night.
He looks silly when he doesn’t realize where he sits.
Exercise : Put the Right Ending –ly if Necessary in the Blanks

1. We have an exam. Can you be ……….. please? (quiet)
2. The baby is sleeping. Please shut the door ……….. (quiet)
3. We get out of the room because the manager is
………….(angry)
4. He looked at me ……….. when I interrupted him (angry)
5. It rained ………….. for three days. (continuous)
6. Hasan is …………...upset about his exam (terrible)
7. She is absent because she has a …………… headache
(terrible)
8. Her absence is ………….. since she tells the truth
(reasonable)
9. I thought the book would be expensive, but in fact it was
………….cheap (reasonable)
10. We cancelled our outdoor activities because it was
raining………….(heavy)
11. Helmi used to work with ……….. machines.
12. He looks at me so ………… that I feel uneasy.
(suspicious)
13. The police publish the sketch of ………….. people.
(suspicious)
14. Ani’s mother was ……….. ill. (serious)
15. The members of the committee rushed into the room. They
have a ………. problem. (serious)
42
Grammar focus exercise
Choose the correct word in bracket that is adjective or adverb.
The word would correspond to the sentence.
Nashreddin was collecting some money from his neighbors.

Whenever he came to his neighbor he always said,”Brother, I’m
collecting money to pay a ………. (poor, poorly) man’s debt. I must
do it because he is not able to pay back his money.”
One of his neighbor said,”That’s a very ……. (good, well)
act!”. Then, he gave Nashreddin several coins. He said further, “
You’re right, Nashreddin. We have to take a pity on the
…………(poor, poorly). But who is the poor man that you help now?”
“It’s me,” said Nashreddin, walking away …………..(quick,
quickly).
Several months later, Nashreddin came to the same neighbor
again. The neighbor looked …………(cynical, cynically)
He said,” Nashreddin, I know you come again to talk about a
………(poor, poorly) man that is not able to pay his debt. And you
want to collect money to help him.”
“Yes, you’re right.”
“And the ………..(poor, poorly) who has a debt is yourself,”
said the neighbor.
“No, not this time,. The poor is Ali,” he answered.
The neighbor smiled. He said, “ I’m ………..(glad, gladly) to
hear that. You ……….(real, really) do something good for others.
Here you are my alms.”
The man handled several coins. Nashreddin accepted them
……….(glad, gladly). Then he walked away.
“Wait, Nashreddin. If I may know. What makes you so
concerned about others’ problems?” asked the neighbor.
“You know, It’s me who lend him the money,” Nashreddin
answered and walked away.
43
CHAPTER X
THE BEGINNING OF REVELATION
Before becoming a prophet, Muhammad usually spent one
month every year in a cave on the top of a mountain near Mecca.
There he meditated and thought about religion of Abraham. This was
done by him because he refused to accept the beliefs of the people of
Mecca who worshipped idols. This continued for a number of years.
When he was forty years of age the Archangel Gabriel came to him
and convinced him.
It was clear that he was a prophet from God. He received the
first revelation after becoming a prophet. The first revelation said:
“Read in the name of thy Lord who created?
Created man from a blood clot.
Read; thy Lord is most beneficial. He taught by pen. Taught
man what he knew not.”
When the prophet received this revelation from God and when
he became sure, then he began to call people to accept the new
religion. The new religion was based on the oneness of God –
worshipping only Allah and giving up the worship of idols. About
three years after Prophet received the first revelation he was told,
“Warn your relatives.”
He started to speak to his close friends and his family. Khadija,
his wife, was the first woman to accept Islam, and Abu Bakar the first
man. Ali bin Abu Thalib, his cousin was the first boy to accpet Islam,
and Zaid was the first servant to accept Islam. The number started to
increase slowly through the personal contact of the prophet and his
close friend, Abu Bakar, but when he received the verse mentioned,
this was the sign for him to inform all the people of Mecca of his
cause.
A. Vocabulary
To meditate : bersemedi
Servant : pelayan, abdi
44
Beneficial : memberi manfaat
To increase : bertambah, meningkat
To convince : meyakinkan
Clot : gumpalan beku.
B. Exercise
Exercise 1.
Answer the following question according to the text.
1. What did Muhammad usually do before becoming a
prophet?
2. Where was the cave in which Muhammad meditated?
3. What did he think about in his meditation?
4. How long did he spend in meditation?
5. What did he ask God?
6. Why did he ask God’s guidance?
7. What did most Meccan people worship?
8. To whom did the prophet speak after receiving the first
revelation?
9. What did the prophet do then?
10. What was the Mecan people’s response to the prophet’s
call?
Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer of the following question!

1. Before Muhammad became a prophet, the people of Mecca
………..
A. Spent one month every year in a cave
B. Liked to stay on top of mountain
C. Worship the only one god
D. Worship idols
2. How long did Muhammad usually stay in cave?

A. one month every year
B. several months in every year
C. several years
D. one year
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3. Muhammad began to call people to accept the new religion
after ……..
A. he received a pen from God
B. he received the revelation from God
C. he stayed forty years in the cave
D. he stayed three years in the cave
4. Who is the first boy to accept Islam?

A. Abu Bakar
B. Ali bin Abu Thalib
C. Zaid
D. Abu Thalib
5. The following are attributed to the beginning of the

revelation, EXCEPT
A. Muhammad spent one month every year for
meditation.
B. Muhammad received first revelation when he was
fourty years old.
C. Muhammad began to call people to accept the new
religion after he received the revelation.
D. Muhammad warned his relatives for three years.
Exercise 3. Text Discussion.

Analyze the text in terms of events and setting, and also give
appropriate title of it.
1. The topic (title) of the text is about. …….
2. The main event and the most important ones are: (give the
subjects and objects if any)
1)…………..
2). …………
3. The main characters of the story are
1)……………………..2). …………………. 3).
…………………….
4. The setting in terms of location (where the story happened)
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5. The setting in terms of time (when the story happened)
Exercise 4 : Explain the underlined words by referring to the

context!
1. “ This was done by him because he refused to accept the
beliefs of the people of Mecca who worshipped idols.” The
underlined word refers to …….
2. “ This was done by him because he refused to accept the
beliefs of the people of Mecca who worshipped idols.” The
underlined word refers to …….
3. “Read; thy Lord is most beneficial. He taught by pen.” The
underlined word refers to ….
4. “ Read; thy Lord is most beneficial. He taught by pen.
Taught man what he knew not.” The underlined word
refers to ………
5. “When the prophet received this revelation from God and
when he became sure, then he began to call people to
accept the new religion.” The underlined word refers to ….
C. Grammar Used
PAST TENSE
Form : The past tense forms of verb such as : spent, meditated,
refused, continued, worshipped, convinced, etc.
Function : The most basic use of the past tense is to describe one
completed action in
the past. The completed action in the past is generally
indicated by the time markers such as yesterday, two days ago,
in 1961, etc, or simply by the use of the verb in the past tense.
Examples :
1. Muhammad usually spent one month every
year in a cave on the top of a mountain near
Mecca.
2. There he meditated and thought about religion
of Abraham.
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3. This was done by him because he refused to
accept the beliefs of the people of Mecca
who worshipped idols.
4. This continued for a number of years.
5. When he was forty years of age the
Archangel Gabriel came to him and
convinced him.
Sentence Transformation
To change the tense to the interrogative and negative, simply
place the auxiliary verb “did” for both singular and plural subjects in
front of the sentence, followed by the main verb in the simple form,
the subject and the rest of sentence. Add the negation ‘not’ to form a
negative. Note the word order in the example below.
Muhammad received the first revelation after becoming a prophet.

(Statement).
Did he warn his relatives?(Int.)
Muhammad did not worship idols (Neg.)
Why did Muhammad meditate in a cave ? (Question with the question
word “why”)
Grammar Focus Activity I

The following sentences contain verbs in the basic tenses. Try
to change these sentences to interrogative with the interrogative words
given at the end of each sentence.
Example :
- Muhammad received the first revelation when he was forty years
old. (when)
- When Muhammad receive the first revelation?
1. When people forgot the true message of Allah, He sent

other prophets to remind them of their duty to Allah.
(when)
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2. The people of Mecca wanted to rebuild the Ka’ba, because
it had been damaged by the flood. (why)
3. All prophets taught us to worship Allah alone. (who).
4. He requested four men to hold the cloth. (How many).
5. He explained the new ideas he had received from God.
(what)
6. Muhammad invited all the members of his family to dinner
in his house. (where)
7. The messenger delivered his message to his family as well
as to the Quraysh people. (to whom).
8. The tribes of Mecca co-operated with each other to rebuild
the Ka’ba because it was an honor for them and all the
Arab tribes. (Why).
9. Muhammad talked to people and advised them not to
worship idols. (to whom).
10. They all felt happy. (how)
Grammar Focus Activity II

Change the verb in bracket into past form to complete the passage.
It was a fruit season. Almost all people at that country

………(plant) fruit tree. So …… (do) Nashreddin. He …….(have) a
lot of grape trees. He ………(pick) two basketful of grapes and
……….(want) to sell the grapes to the market. He ……..(put) the two
basket on his donkey.
It ……(is) a very hot midday. The market was still far before
him. He …….. (stop) and ………(have) a drink in food stall nearby.
Then several men with several donkeys bringing grapes ……..(come)
and ………(take) a rest at the same food stall. After having lunch,
they ……..(fall) sleep. Nashreddin ……….(not feel) asleep. Seeing
the men were sleeping, he ……..(go) out. He ……….(begin) thinking
about what to do with those men.
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Grammar Focus Activity III
This is class activity . Two or three students are asked to come

forward and write their sentences using past tense, as already
discussed in this chapter. When they are finished other groups are
assigned to do the same task and so on until all of students in class get
their turns to do this exercise.
LET’S TALK
The following is a dialogue between two students. They are eating
“baso” along one of the streets on campus. Observe the use of the
basic tenses.
Zaid : Hi Faris … How are you doing ? Is it Ok with
your weekend?
Faris : Just OK … I studied for the mid-term test next
week.
Zaid : Did you attend the social psychology class this
morning ?
Faris : Yes, I did. But I didn’t get much of it.
I did not understand the lecturer … He had to
talk more slowly.
Hamid : Hi … how is that so … huh ?
Faris : I just couldn’t concentrate while listening, My
mind wondered.
Hamid : Oh, what a pity !. Don’t worry, I will lend you
my note.
Faris : Thanks a lot
1. Conversation Activity I
Group work: Take turns. One student makes a statement about the
weekend like this.
I went to a movie on Saturday night.
Other students ask question like this:

Who did you go with? Where did you after that?
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What time did you go? What did you do on Sunday ?
etc.
Each student answers at least four questions.
2. Conversation Activity II
Group work. Take turns talking about an interesting trip or vacation.
Start like this:
I’d like to tell about my trip to …
Other students ask question like these:

How did you go there?
Who did you go with ?
How long were you there?
Did you enjoy it?
Did you buy anything? etc
51
CHAPTER XI
DAWN OF ISLAM
The prophet Muhammad had been spreading the religion of
Islam quietly for three years when Allah commanded him to declare it
to the people publicly. Allah also instructed him to start with his own
household – those within his own family. Those among the idolaters
could be ignored if they would not respond to his call.
Muhammad understood his orders and went into retirement in
his house for a few days. He thought very hard about what he had to
do, trying to draw up a plan for the best way to approach his people
and call upon them to accept the religion of Islam.
The news of Muhammad’s retirement reached some of his aunts
or relatives. They became worried that he might not be well. They
decided to go and pay him a visit. When they got to his house they
asked him about his health and told him how worried they had been
about him.
Muhammad answered, “There is nothing the matter with me.
Allah has ordered me to introduce Islam to my family and household.
So, I have to sit down and think about the best way to do this. I had to
collect my thoughts and ideas before I could speak to any of you.”
Muhammad then went and invited all the members of his family
to dinner in his house. He invited all his uncles and his aunts, all his
cousins and nieces and all their children. All of Muhammad’s relatives
were invited, including even his stubborn and difficult uncle, Abdul
Uzza.
Then Muhammad began to deliver his message to his family. He
explained the new ideas he had received from God and warned them
about what would happen to those who chose not to follow him.
A.Vocabulay
To declare : menyatakan, mengatakan
To ignore : mengabaikan, mengesampingkan
Retire : memencilkan diri
Stubborn : bandel, keras kepala
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House hold : rumah tangga
Publicly : secara umum, di depan umum.
B. Exercise
Exercise 1.
Answer the following question according to the text
1. How long did the prophet spread Islam quietly?
2. How did he spread Islam after that? And why did he do that?
3. To whom did he introduce Islam?
4. What would he do if his message was rejected?
5. Did his family know when he went into retirement? Who were
they?
6. Was there something wrong with Muhammad in his retirement?
Why were his relatives so worried about him?
7. What did Allah order Muhammad to do about Islam?
8. What did he do one day?
9. What did his uncle do after the dinner had finished?
10. Did Muhammad stop delivering his message?
Exercise 2.
Choose the correct answer of the following questions!
1. The following are what Muhammad did after he understood his
orders, EXCEPT……
A. He thought very hard about what he had to do
B. He tried to draw up a plan for the best way
C. He tried to call upon his people to accept the religion of
Islam
D. He retired in his house for a long time
2. What did his aunts or relatives do when they got to Muhammad’s
house?
A. They might not be well.
B. They asked him about his health
C. They told they didn’t worry about him
D. They were happy
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3. Muhammad said, “there is nothing the matter with me,” this
expression means …….
A. He has nothing to give them
B. He has nothing in his house
C. He is alright
D. He has many matters
4. Who did Muhammad NOT invite to dinner in his house?

A. His uncles
B. His nieces
C. His cousins
D. His sisters
5. Which is likely attributed to Abdul Uzza?

A. He was stubborn and difficult uncle
B. He was not Muhammad’s uncle
C. He helped Muhammad
D. He was generous
Exercise 3.
Analyze the text in terms of character, events and setting, and also
give the appropriate title of it.
1. The scharacters if the text are:
1).
2).
3).
3).
2. Give five most important events in the text: (state the subject):
1).
2).
3).
4).
5).
3. The setting of the narrative:
1. Location :
2. Time :
4. the topic of the text is : ……………
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context!
1. “……..when Allah commanded him to declare it.”
him refers to ……….
It refers to ……….
2. “……… could be ignored if they would ……..”
they refers to ……….
3. “……. And upon them to accept…..”
them refers to …….
4. They become worried that be might not…. “
They refers to ……..
5. “ ……. And think about the best way to do this.’
this refers to …….
6. “ I had to collect …….. I could speak to any of you.”
I refers to ……..
You refers to ……..
C. Grammar Used
COMMANDS
A command is an imperative statement. One person order
another to do something. It can be preceded by please. The understood
subject is you. Use the simple form of the verb.
Examples: Open the holy Qur’an
Please listen to his speech
Be quiet
*: A negative command is formed by adding the words
don’t before the verb.
- Don’t make a noise in the mosque
- Please, don’t turn off the light
- Don’t open the window
* Indirect command: Usually the verb or order, ask, tell

say are used to indicate an indirect command. They are
followed by the infinitive (to + verb)
- Yahya told Erma to perform wudhu before prayer
55
- They asked Hilda to turn off the light
- The prophet orders us to worship Allah
- Please tell Fahmi to leave the room
* Let us (let’s) + bare infinitive

Examples :
- Let’s go to the mosque
- Let’s not be alarmed by rumors
- Don’t let’s be alarmed by rumors
Grammar Focus
Activity : Make command based on the following situations!
1. She begged him not to put sticky things in his pocket
2. She begged him not to do anything dangerous
3. He urged me to do prayer on time
4. He advised me to say nothing about it if he were me
5. I advised her not to lend Harry any money
6. She reminded him to book a table
7. He told / warned me to get into the right line
8. She told them to use right hand when they eat.
9. She warned me not to take more than two of those at once
10. He told them to take the first row in the mosque.
11. He warns me not to delay what I can do right now.
12. She begged him not to drink any more and reminded him that they
had to drive home.
LET’S TALK
1. Read and practice
The telephone rings …
Voice : Hello
Adam : May I speak to Zufar, Please? This is Adam
speaking
Voice : Hold a minute
Zufar : (Picks up the phone). Hi Adam, how are you?
What’s up?
56
Adam : Fine … Do You have anything special today?
Zufar : Hm … nothing very interesting, I’m afraid. Is there
anything special to do any way during this
economic depression?
Adam : He … he … he … Don’t get upset … You sound
very depressed yourself … Now, do you want to
see the computer fair this afternoon ?
Zufar : That’s an interesting place to go to, but I’m broke.
Adam : Don’t worry, I have two tickets. Somebody just
gave them to me.
Zufar : What time will we go?
Adam : Let’s go right now, we must not be late
I’ll pick you up … you must be ready then.
Zufar : Now problem, I’ll be ready then. See you
Adam : I’ll see you in few minutes, Bye … bye
(phone clicks)
2. Conversation Activity I
In an emergency, being polite in not as important as taking
care of the situation. In emergencies, people often used commands. In
most other circumstances, abrupt command considered rude. Imagine
that you are in preparing a yearly meeting (not in an emergency
situation). In pairs, take turns making and responding to requests.
Change the following commands to polite requests for action
by using could, would or would you mind.
Example : Quick ! read the holy qur’an

A. Would you please read the holy qur’an?
B. Certainly. What surah would you like me to
read?
Hurry / Get me some paper!

Find some progress reports!
Open all the window!
Don’t touch that!
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Help me count this!
Get a printer!
Hold this!
Type these letters!
Sign these invitations!
3. Conversation activity II
Role play the following commands.
- You are at a mosque. The person next to you is talking loudly. Ask
him or her to be quiet.
- You are in a classroom. Ask the person in front of you to take off his
/ her hat
- You are in on elevator and someone is smoking. Ask the person not
to smoke!
- You are at home and it is 1.30 a.m. Your neighbors are making a lot
of noise. Ask them to be quiet.
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CHAPTER XII
THE DAY OF PEACE
When the prophet was thirty-five years old the people of
Mecca wanted to rebuild the Ka’ba, because it had been damaged by
the flood which covered the valley of Mecca at that time. The tribes of
Mecca co-operated with each other to rebuild the Ka’ba, because it
was an honour for them and all the Arab tribes. All the Arab tribes
respected those of Mecca and regarded them as people who looked
after the house of God.
When they started building they came to the place where they
had to replace Al Hajar Al Aswad, the Black Stone. From this moment
the argument started. Who would have the honour of putting the stone
in its place? Each tribe wanted to have this honour. They started
arguing and this almost led to a fight. Some of them called for a fight,
and a blood bath threatened Mecca.
One wise leader suggested that they should accept the
judgment of the first man to enter the place. This suggestion was
readily accepted, because nobody wanted this threat of a fight to
continue. They all stood with their eyes facing towards the way which
led to the Ka’ba. Then they saw the prophet Muhammad coming
toward them. At that time Muhammad had not claimed to be a prophet
but he was the most highly respected man in Mecca, and renowned for
his honesty and trustworthiness. For this reason they used to call him
“As Siddiq Al Amin”, the trusworthy, the truthful, and when they saw
him coming all of them cried with appreciation. They all felt happy
and at peace in their minds and they felt sure no harm would now
befall any of them, and whatever Muhammad’s decision, it would be
accepted by all.
When they explained the problem he requested them to bring a
piece of cloth and he chose four men, one from each tribe. He then
placed the stone on the cloth and asked each of the four men to take
the corner. The four men then shared the carrying of the stone until
they came near the wall, and the prophet then took the stone in his
hands and put it in its place in the wall. By making this decision he
59
was able to prevent the blood bath and peace prevailed Mecca. This,
was the first day that people realized the outstanding wisdom of
Muhammad and he came to be regarded as the most revered person in
Mecca. This day was called “the day of peace.”
A. Vocabulary
Flood : banjir
Tribe : suku bangsa
To regard : menganggap, menghormati
Argument : perbedaan pendapat
Blood bath : pertumpahan darah
Judgement : keputusan
Threat : ancaman
To renown : terkenal, termasyhur
Appreciation : penghargaan
To revail : menang, meliputi, berlaku
To revere : memuja, menghormati
Cloth : kain.
B. Exercise
Exercise 1
Answer the following question according to the passage above.
1. How old was Muhammad when the Ka’ba was rebuild?
2. Why was thhe Ka’ba rebuild?
3. How did the tribes of Mecca rebuild the Ka’ba?
4. How did Arab tribes regard the tribes of Mecca?
5. What the Ka’ba?
6. What is Al Hajar Al Aswad?
7. Why did the argument start?
8. What was the danger of arguing?
9. What was done to prevent the fight?
10. Who was the first man to come to the Ka’ba?
11. Why was Muhammad called “As Siddiq Al Amin”?
12. What did they cry when they saw him coming? And how didi
they feel in the presence of Muhammad?
13. What did Muhammad do to solve their problem?
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14. What is the significance of this decision?
Exercise 2
Choose the correct answer of the following question.
1. Why did the people of Mecca co-operate to rebuild the Ka’ba?
A. Because a big flood would come
B. Because the prophet commanded the people to do so.
C. Because Ka’ba was an honour for them and all Arab tribes.
D. Because Ka’ba was one of miracles in the world
2. When did the problem start?

A. when deciding the person who would put Al Hajar Al Aswad
in its place
B. when Muhammad came toward them
C. when the people called Muhammad “As Siddiq Al Amin”
D. when Al Hajar Al Aswad got blood.
3. Why did they argue for putting Al Hajar Al Aswad in its place?
A. Because they would get much money.
B. Because they wanted to have the honour.
C. Because they liked making argument
D. Because they wanted to stay in Ka’ba.
4. These are attributed to Muhammad, EXCEPT ………..

A. trusworthy
B. truthful
C. honest
D. unwise
5. How did Muhammad solve the problem?

A. He put the stone in its place alone and four people stood
behind him.
B. He chose four men from a certain tribe to put the stone.
C. He used a piece of cloth to draw the stone by himself and four
men helped him.
D. He used a piece of cloth and ask four person from each tribe to
take part in putting the stone in its place.
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Exercise 3
Text Discussion.
Fill in the blanks or answer the questions relating to the discussion
of the text above.
1. The best title of the text above is …..
2. Who are the main characters of the story?
1).
2).
3).
4).
3. Setting
The location
The time
4. What are the most important events in the story?
a). …..
b). …..
5. What lesson can we derive from the story?
Exercise 4
Explain the underlined words by referring to the context!
1. “Because it had been damaged …….”
it refers to ………
2. “……. covered the valley of Mecca at that time.”
At that time refers to ………….
3. “Because it was honour for them and …..”
them refers to …………
4. “From this moment the argument ….”
this moment refers to ………..
5. “All of Arab tribes respected those of Mecca …..”
those refers to ………
6. “…..first man to enter the place.”
the place refers to ………
7. For this reason they used to call him “As Siddiq Al Amin.”
this reason refers to ……..
they refers to ………
him refers to ………
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8. “……..when they saw him coming.”
they refers to ……..
him refers to ……..
9. “Whatever Muhammad’s decision, it would be accepted by all.”
all refers to ………
10. “…… and the prophet then took the stone in his hands and put it in
its place in the wall.”
the wall refers to ……….
B. Grammar Used
Recognizing location and direction
- Al hajar Al Aswad is at the Ka’ba.
- The mosque is next to the campus
- The park is near the campus
- The book store is on the corner of the block
To ask some information about anything that you want, including
places, locations or building, we can use direct questions and
indirect questions. The use of indirect questions is suggested as it
is considered to be more polite, especially to whom we haven’t
familiar with. In indirect question, it consists of two clauses and
questions from the direct questions become statements in the
indirect questions.
Direct question
A. What time does the mosque call for adzan Isya?
B. Where can I buy Islamic books?
C. How much does a cup of coffee cost?
D. Where is the place for wudhu?
Indirect question
A. Could you tell me what time the mosque calls for adzan Isya?
B. Can you tell me where I can buy Islamic books?
C. Do you know how much a cup of coffee cost here?
D. Can you tell me where the place for wudzu is?
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The use of the following preposition are suggested, especially
when telling about locations of some places.
a. next to : next to the post office
b. near : near the market
c. opposite : opposite the grocery store
d. beside : beside the old building
e. behind : behind the drugstore
f. in front of : in front of the department store
g. on your left : it’s on your left
h. just after : just after the police station
To give a very good direction to a place or building, the use of

imperative sentences is suggested> imperative sentence is always
preceded with the use of “VERB 1” and for the prohibition, use
“DON’T” to begin the sentence. The use of “please’ is merely for
politeness consideration.
- first, go down this street to the main road
- then, turn right at the intersection
- next, walk north for one block till you see Mini Market on
the left. Don’t stop before you get to the Mini Market.
- After that, see the huge sign
- Finally, find the building. It is on your right. You can’t
miss it
In order that the message is clear enough, we need to sequence the

events. For this purpose, we need to use these sequence markers:
first, next, then, after that, and finally. First always begins the
sequence while finally comes to close.
We have to perform wudzu in the correct manner. First, wash

our hands. Next, wash our face thoroughly. After that, wash
the right hand till the elbow. Then, wash the left hand till the
elbow. Next, wipe our head starting from the forehead to the
neck. Then, wipe the ears. Finally, wash our legs till the ankle.
Don’t forget to wash the right leg first, followed by the left
one. Those are the parts of the body that should be washed in
wudzu.
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Exercise.
Put the following sentences in a good order. And add the sequence
markers.
1. The puts them on the tray

2. She fills the water into the pail
3. She takes the dishes from the table.
4. She dry them up.
5. She puts the dishes into the pail.
6. She takes the dishes one by one to be cleaned using detergent.
7. Umi helps her mother cleaning the dishes every day.
8. She puts them into the clean water
Grammar exercise
Use imperative sentences for making completing the direction below.
A. preparing for praying jum’at at the mosque
if we want to do prayer of jum’at at the mosque, here are some
notes to prepare
first, ………………………………………………………….
Next, …………………………………………………………
Then, …………………………………………………………
After that, …………………………………………………….
Finally, ……………………………………………………….
B. going to my house from the campus.

Here is the simple way how to go to my house.
first, ………………………………………………………….
Next, …………………………………………………………
Then, …………………………………………………………
After that, …………………………………………………….
Finally, ……………………………………………………….
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CHAPTER XIII
PRAYER DURING TRAVEL
The five daily prayers in Islam should be offered at a certain
time when a moslem is at home or is not at home. However,
sometimes it is necessary to travel from place to place or from one
country to another. During the travel perhaps there are no facilities for
preparing oneself for prayer, or the timing of the travel will interfere
with the proper performance of prayer.
Islam therefore allows a muslim, when traveling from one
place to another, to join two prayers together at one time, such as
Zuhur and ‘Asr at the time Zuhur or ‘Asr. But if a muslim decides to
join two prayers together at the latter time, he should have the
intention during the time of later first prayer of joining the two prayers
later.
The same permission is also given to muslim to join the sunset
and the night prayers whilst traveling. A muslim has the right to join
the two prayers together either at the time of the beginning of the first
prayer or the time of the latter. But there are some conditions which
must be fulfilled i.e. the travelling must be of a certain length and
must have a worthy purpose.
In order to make it simpler for a muslim to perform his prayer
duties, it is permissible to offer Zuhur and ‘Asr, each or two raka’ats
instead of four, and also the night prayer, ‘Isya. These are the ordinary
cases in which Islam allows us to shorten prayers and join them
together. But in some other cases permission is also given to join two
prayers together, such as illness or when heavy rain prevents people
from getting to the mosque as usual, or when there is excessive heat.
These are sufficient reasons.
The previous permission to join prayers together and to
shorten them has been taken from the verse of the holy Qur’an which
says: “When you travel throughout the world, there is no blame
attached to you if you shorten your prayer for fear that the unbeliever
may attack you, for the unbelievers are born enemies into you”.
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According to this verse, it seems that, if there is no fear during
the travel, there is no need to shorten the prayer; and this was
commented upon by Omar, the second Caliph, who was asked by God
gave us permission to shorten and join together prayers. Omar replied
that he too had wondered the same thing and said: “then I mentioned
this to the prophet (peace be upon him), his answer was that this must
be considered as one of the mercies of God: we have to accept it.”
A.Vocabulary
To offer : memanjatkan, mengabdikan
Facilities : kesempatan, kemudahan
To interfere : mengganggu, mencampuri
Intention : niat, maksud, tujuan
Excessive : berlebihan, terlalu, sangat
To attach : memberikan
B. Exercise
Exercise 1.
Answer the following question according to the passage above
1. Should the five daily prayers be performed at certain or fixed
times? Could you mention this five times in English?
2. When a muslim is traveling, should he perform his prayers five
times? Why?
3. What facilities are used in performing prayers?
4. What reasons are mentioned in the text that a muslim traveler is
allowed to join prayers together?
5. What prayers are allowed t be joined?
6. What must a muslim traveler do if he wants to join prayers at latter
times?
7. Besides traveling, are there any situations which allow a muslim to
join prayers together? What situations are these?
8. Besides joining two prayers, is there any other concession for a
muslim traveler? What it is?
9. What is the source (religion source) of these concessions?
10. What conditions should be fulfilled by muslim travelers in order
to be allowed to join two prayers together?
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Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer of the following question
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. the five daily should be done by a moslem when he is at home
or is not at home.
B. Moslem people sometimes travel from place to place
C. During the travel perhaps there are no facilities for preparing
oneself for prayer.
D. The timing of the travel sill interfere with the proper
performance of prayer.
2. The conditions which must be fulfilled when a muslim wants to

join prayers are as follows, EXCEPT ……….
A. he must be traveling in a certain length
B. he must have a worthy purpose
C. he is ill
D. he must be a worthy people.
3. Besides traveling, the following are condition that permit muslim

to shorten prayer, EXCEPT ……….
A. illness
B. prayer alone in the mosque
C. heavy rain
D. excessive heat
4. What prayers are permissible to be shortened, doing two raka’ats

instead of four raka’ats?
A. Zuhur, ‘Asr, Maghrib
B. ‘Asr, Maghrib, Isya
C. Maghrib, Isya, Subuh.
D. Zuhur, ‘Asr, Isya
5. What is NOT correct based on the last paragraph ?

A. if there is no fear, there is no need to shorten prayer
B. shortening the prayers is one of the mercies of God
C. we have to accept the mercies of God
D. we can shorten prayers in traveling though we do not feel fear.
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Exercise 3. Text discussion. Fill in the blanks below and relate to the
text above!
1. The text above talks about …..
2. The four prayers that can be joined are …..
3. The three prayers that can be shortened are …..
4. The conditions that allow some muslims to join and shorten the
prayers are …..
5. The concessions in these prayers are one of the ……….. of God,
the most merciful.
Exercise 4 : Explain the underlined words by referring to the context!

1. “When traveling from one place to another”
another refers to ………
2. “To join two prayers together at the latter time,…”
the latter time refers to ………
3. “He should have the intention…..”
He refers to ………
4. “But there are some conditions which …..”
some conditions refers to ………
5. “To shorten prayers and join them together ….”
them refers to ……..
6. “According to this verse, it seems that, if there is no fear during
travel, there is no need to shorten the prayers.”
this verse refers to ……
the prayers refers to …….
7. “…. and this was commented upon by Omar the second Caliph”
this refers to ……..
8. “Why Go gave us permission to shorten and to join prayers
together.”
us refers to …….
prayers refers to ……..
9. “Omar replied that he too had wondered the same thing”
he refers to ……..
10. “Then I mentioned this to the prophet, and his answer was that this
must be considered as one of the mercies of God, we have to
accept it”
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I refers to ………..
this refers to ……..
his refers to ………
this refers to …….
it refers to ……….
C. Grammar Used
Form :The simple form of the verb +’s/es’ for the singular subject and
without
‘-s/-es’ for the plural subject, (they, we, you) and the first person “I”.-
Function : There are two basic functions of the simple present tense;
namely,
To express habitual actions,
To state general truth or facts.
Examples :
- Islam allows a muslim to join two prayers together at one
time.
- A muslim has the right to join the two prayers together
either at the time of the beginning of the first prayer or the
time of the latter.
- The qur’an states that cleanliness is part of faith
- Imron goes to the mosque every day
Sentence Transformation
To change the present tense from a statement into
interrogative and negative, place the auxiliary verb “ do “ for the
plural subject and “does “ for the singular subject in the beginning of
sentence followed by the subject, the main verb, and the rest of
sentence. To make negative, add the negation “not”. Observe the order
of words in the following examples. St . is for “statement “, int. for
“interrogative“ and Neg. for “negative.”
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Example :
- Muslims share their wealth with the poor (Statement)
- We do not eat and drink at noon when fasting (Negative)
- Do you love your parents? (Interrogative)
- When does Idul Fitri come? (Interrogative)
Grammar Activity
Change the following sentences to the interrogative with the
interrogative words given at the end of each sentence.
1. The muazin calls muslims to prayer from the mosque. (Where).

2. Muslims pray to Allah five time a day. (how many).
3. Next to him is his brother’s book (whose)
4. All muslim know the direction of Ka’ba (what)
5. Before we go to the mosque we perform wudlu and put on clean
clothes.(What)
6. From the mimbar Khotib talks to all the people in the mosque
(whom).
7. People who are intelligent learn what they are taught easily and
quickly.(Who).
8. When romadlon month comes, all muslims prepare to do fasting
happily. (When)
9. Hanif shortens dzuhur and ‘asr prayers because he travels for long
journey. (Why)
10. Khotib delivers his speech for 20 minutes. (How long).
IT : Subject Position/Preparatory subject

This is used when the subject of a sentence is an infinitive
- Sometimes it is necessary to travel from place to place.
- It is permissible to offer Zuhur and ‘Asr each of two
raka’ats instead of four.
- According to this verse, it seems that if there is no fear
during the travel, there is no need to shorten the prayer.
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Other example:
- It’s twelve o’clock. It’s time to pray Zuhur.
- It is Sunday, It is a nice day.
- It takes less than 10 minutes to pray.
- It is not difficult to study al Qur’an
- It is interesting to meet people from different countries.
- It is believed that fasting give positive result on body
health.
IT: Object Position/Preparatory Object.

- Two raka’ats of Zuhur instead of four is for the purpose of
making it simpler for muslim travelers to perform the
prayer.
- Ahmad made it clear that he agreed with my proposal.
- I think it is necessary to talk about it to Hasan.
- I find it difficult to talk to you about serious matters.
THERE IS, THERE ARE, THERE WAS, THERE WERE

Is used as an introductory subject in a sentence, and the real subject is
put after the verb “be”
- During travel, perhaps there are no facilities for preparing
oneself for prayer.
- But there are some conditions which must be fulfilled
- Permission is also given to join two prayers together when
there is excessive heat.
- There is no blame attached to you if you shorten your
prayer.
Other example
- There is a holy qur’an on the table.
- There is no excuse for the student who is late
- There is no point in talking about it again.
- There are forty of us in the mosque
- There are al least twenty children in the class.
- There were several mistakes in his paper
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- There has been misunderstanding between those persons.
- There will be enough water for everybody.
- There is no use talking to him.
Exercise
Put there is, there are, there was, there were, etc. or it, it is, it was,
etc., in the blanks below
1. ………. hundreds of people attending his speech last night
2. ………. cloudy, I think it’s going to rain
3. ………. some delicious food in the refrigerator
4. ………. terrible, ………..rains almost every day.
5. ………. a bazaar during the festival
6. ………. on first syawal that idul fitri comes.
7. ………. a lot of book in your room
8. ………. five prayers in a day and a night.
9. ………. warm in January but …………cool in July
10. ………. Ahmad speaking.
11. ………. twenty nine or thirty days in Romadlon.
12. I think ……. will ……..twenty people coming to the meeting.
13. ………will …… an examination at the end of this course.
14. ……….any pencils or pens in your drawer?
15. ……….painful to sit here all day.
16. ……….twenty five prophets mentioned in the qur’an.
17. ……….not any committee members at the meeting yesterday.
18. ……….no use talking to him, he is arrogant
19. ……….possible to criticize our government now.
20. ……….some crucial problems that we have to discuss last week.
21. ………doesn’t matter what you type
22. ………unusual to him sad.
23. ………a meeting for the festival preparation nest week.
24. ……….not very clear what she was demanding.
25. ………funny that we talk about our rights.
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Arrange the words below into a good sentence beginning with words
in italics!
1. are traveling – when – two prayers – can join – we – together –
we.
2. There – which can – are – prayers – together – be joined – four.
3. ‘Asr – Dzuhur – performed – after – is – prayer – prayer.
4. raka’at prayers – the four – We – allowed – to shorten – are.
5. A mercy – in prayers - is – of God – the concession.
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CHAPTER XIV
FASTING IN ISLAM
Fasting during Ramadhan is one the five pillars of Islam. This
is because the prophet (peace be upon him) said Islam is upheld by
five pillars: first, to bear witness that there is no God but Allah and
that Muhammad is His messenger. The second is to pray regularly.
Third, to pay zakat (i.e divine tax) to the poor. Fourth, to fast during
the mouth of Ramadhan. Fifth, to visit the house of God in Mecca
once in a lifetime, for those who are able to make the journey.
Fasting can be defined as abstaining from eating, drinking,
smoking and having sexual intercourse from dawn to sunset. Fasting
for the month of Ramadhan was prescribed during the second year of
the Hijra. Fasting was an ancient form of worship prescribed by God
from the beginning of time. The aim of ordering people to fast is that
they should learn how to be patient, to have good morals, to purify
their hearths, to ennoble their character and to be gentle in dealing
with people. One should feel the sufferings of hunger and thirst in
order to be quick to help those who are suffering when seeing them.
One must always learn to feel the fear of God and his mercy. Fasting
in Islam has been prescribed by the Qur’an and the sayings of the
prophet. The Qur’an says: “O, you who believe, fasting is prescribed
to you as it was prescribed to those before you, that you may learn
self-restraint” (Qur’an, Cow: 183)
The reward of the accepted fasting is Paradise. God the
Almighty gives great reward for fasting as much or more than we can
realize. This is because fasting secret between man and his God,
therefore, it is the only aspect of worship that has been attributed to
God. It has come down to us in the traditions of the prophet when he
said: “Any kind of good action done by the children of Adam will be
rewarded ten times to seven hundred times and may be more,
according to the Will of God.” God said: ”Except fasting for it is an
attribute of me and I will reward it, because one who fasts is giving up
his desires and his food for my sake.” Fasting is a protection. When
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one is fasting he should not utter bad words, he should not raise his
voice. If someone insults him, or fight him, he should remind himself
that he is fasting by saying: “I am fasting, I swear by God, who has
Muhammad’s soul in His hand that the smell of mouth of the one who
fasts is better than parfume in the sight of God.”
A. Vocabulary
To uphold : menegakkan, membuat tegak
Witness : saksi, kesaksian
To prescribe : menentukan
Restraint : mengekang, mengendalikan
Desire :keinginan, hawa nafsu
To bear : meminkul, menahan, melahirkan
To abstain : menjauhkan dari, berpantang
To purify : memurnikan, menyuci
To attribute : mempertalikan, menghubungkan
To utter : menucapkan, mengeluarkan.
B. Exercise
Exercise 1:
Answer the following question according to the text above.
1. How many pillars are there in Islamic teaching?
2. What is the fourth pillar?
3. In what month is fasting obligatory?
4. Is everybody obliged to perform the pilgrimage and fasting?
5. Since when the fast of ramadhan been obligatory?
6. What is the formal definition of fasting?
7. Has fasting really been prescribed only since the prophet
Muhammad? If not, since when?
8. What is the objective of fasting?
9. How do we know that fasting if obligatory for us?
10. What does god say about fasting?
11. What will we get if we fast?
12. Can we compare what we will get from fasting with what we get
from other religious worships?
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13. What is your reason for your answer to 12? What is the specific
characteristic of fasting?
14. Why is fasting called a kind of protection? What do you think?
15. What do we say if we are fasting and someone argues and fights
us?
Exercise 2:
Choose the correct answer of the following question
1. When we do fasting, we must not do the following, EXCEPT…..
A. eating
B. drinking
C. smoking
D. sleeping
2. Which of the following is NOT considered as the aim of ordering

people to fast?
A. people should learn how to be intelligent
B. people should learn how to purify their hearth
C. people should learn how to be gentle in dealing with others
D. people should learn how to have good morals
3. God the Almighty gives great reward for fasting as much or more
than we can realize because ………
A. fasting is tradition of the prophet
B. fasting is the only aspect of worship that is attributed to God.
C. fasting makes us suffer
D. fasting means abstain from eating
4. According to the text, any kind of good action done by the

children of Adam will be rewarded …….
A. as much as what they do
B. less that ten times
C. ten times to seven hundred times and may be more
D. many times
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5. What should we do when we are fasting but there is someone
insults or fights us?
A. we should utter bad words
B. we should raise our voice
C. we should remind ourselves that we are fasting
D. we insult of fight him
Exercise 3:
Complete the following sentence and relate your answer to the text
above.
1. The text above talks about ………
2. There are …… …..of Islam. One of them is ………….
3. The formal definition of fasting is …………..
4. The aim of fasting is …………..
5. The history f fasting is ……………
6. The month of the obligatory fast:
Give the topic of each paragraph;

7. paragraph 1 :
8. paragraph 2 :
9. paragraph 3 :
10. paragraph 4 :

context!
1. This is because the prophet said Islam is upheld by five pillars.
This refers to ……….
2. Fifth, to visit the House of God in Mecca once in a lifetime for
those who are able to make the journey.
those refers to ……….
the journey refers to ……..
3. The aim of ordering people to fast is that they should learn how to
be patient, to have good morals, and to purify their hearths.
they refers to ………
their refers to ………
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4. One should feel the sufferings of hunger and thirst in order to be
quick to help those who are suffering when seeing them.
One refers to ……..
them refers to ……..
5. Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed before you.
You refers to ……….
It refers to ………
6. This is because fasting is secret between man and his God and it is
only aspect of worship.
This refers to …….
man refers to …….
7. It has come down to us in the tradition of the prophet
It refers to ……..
us refers to …….
8. Any kind of good action done by the children of Adam will be
rewarded to seven hundred times and may be more.
The children of Adam refer to ………
9. “Except fasting for it is an attribute of me and I will reward it …..”

it refers to ……..
me refers to ……..
10. When one of you is fasting he should not utter bad words, and he
should not raise his voice.
One of you refers to ……
he refers to …….
his refers to …….
Exercise 5 :
Complete the passage with the alternatives provided.
exist
His
Him
concealed
things
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God is the Mighty and the Almighty. He is The Willer of existing ...
and the things which will ...: and nothing happens except with ... Will.
He is The Knower of all that can be known. His knowledge
encompasses the whole universe which He has created and he alone
sustains. He comprehends even suggestions of the mind and the ...
secrets in the inner part of the breasts of men. God is living: neither
is passing away nor does not death over-take ....
WRITING
Write short paragraphs with the topics below. Then discuss the
paragraphs.
1. Islam leads to peace.

---------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
2. Fasting makes our body health.

---------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
C. Grammar Used
Noun Clause
What is Noun Clause? It is Clause that is put in the position of a Noun
(Noun Phrase) in a sentence. It means that a noun clause is used as a
Subject or as an Object.
Example:
A. Fasting during Ramadhan is one of the five pillars of Islam
(Noun Phrase) S P C
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B.What the prophet said must be trusted by all muslim (Noun
Clause) – Subject
S P O
C. We realize the importance of fasting (Noun Phrase) – Object

S P O
D. We realize why fasting is important (Noun Clause) – Object

S P O
What word can be used to introduce Noun Clause?

(1) Question word (2) (3)
when whom whether that
where what if
why which
how whose
who
Example 1: Noun Clauses which begin with a question word.
Question: Noun Clause

Where does she live? (a) I don’t know where she lives.
What did he say? (b) I don’t know what he said.
When do they arrive? (c ) Do you know when they arrive?
What did she say? (d) What she said surprised me.
What should they do? (e) What they should do is obvious.
Who lives there? (f) I don’t know who lives there.
Who is at the door? (g) I wonder who is at the door.
Example 2: Noun Clauses which begin with “whether”, ”if”, and

“that”
We expect that God accepts our fasting.

He asked him if he was fasting.
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Example 3: Noun Clauses which begin with “that”.
Statement Noun Clause

Fasting is important (a) I think fasting is important.
(b) I think that fasting is important.
The world is round (c ) we know (that) the world is round
She doesn’t understand (d) That she doesn’t understand
spoken English is obvious
(e) It is obvious (that) she doesn’t
understand spoken English
The world is round (f) That the world is round is a fact
(g) It is a fact that the world is round
Note :
- The word ‘that’ can be omitted if the word has no meaning
in itself like Noun Clauses which begin with ‘that’ (a) and
(c ).
Exercise 5: Change the question in parentheses to a noun clause.

Example :
(How old is he?) I don’t know how old he is.
(What was he talking about?) What he was talking about was
interesting.
1. (Where do you live)? Please tell me ….

2. (What did she say?) … wasn’t true.
3. When are they coming?) Do you know ….
4. (How much does it cost?) I can’t remember ….
5. (Which one does he want?) Let’s ask him ….
6. (Who is coming to the party?) I don’t know ….
7. (Whose pen is this?) Do you know ….?
8. (Why did they leave the country?) … is a secret.
9. (What are we doing in the class?) … is easy.
10. (Where did she go?) … is none of your business.
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Let’s Talk
Exercise 6 :
Oral (Book closed): begin your response with “I don’t know”
Example : What time is it?

Response: I don’t know what time it is.
1. Where does Helmi live?
2. What country is Helmi from?
3. How long has Helmi been living here?
4. What is Helmi’s telephone number?
5. Where is the post office?
6. How far is to Surabaya?
7. Why is Aisya absent?
8. Where is my book?
9. Where did she go yesterday?
10. How did she meet her husband?
Asking for Opinion

Do you think ….?
What do you think of / about….?
What’s your opinion of / about ….?
What do you feel about ….?
Giving Opinion
I think ….
In my opinion ….
As far as I/m concerned ….
I fell / believe that ….
I don’t think ….
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REFERENCES
Djamaluddin Darwis. English for Islamic Studies. Aditya Media.
Rochani, Drs. 1999. English for Islamic Studies 2. Muhammadiyah

University Press.
Hornby AS. 1974. Oxford Learner’s Dictionary of Current English.

Third Edition. Oxford University Press.
John M. Echol and Hasan Shadily. 1978. Kamus Inggris Indonesia.

PT Gramedia. Jakarta. Indonesia.
Krohn, Robert. 1986. English Sentence Structure. The University

Michigan Press.
Murphy, Raymond. 1997. Essential Grammar in Use. Cambridge

University Press.
Haryanto, Sugeng. 1995. Nasreddin, The Clever Man. Kanisius.
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CHAPTER I
ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES OF ISLAM
Islam has laid down some principles and prescribed certain
limits for the economic activity of man so that the entire pattern of
production exchange and distribution of wealth may conform to the
Islamic standard of justice and equity. Islam does not concern itself
with time-bound methods and techniques of economic production or
with the details of the organizational pattern and mechanisms. Such
methods are specific for every age and are evolved in the needs and
requirements of the community and exigencies of the economic
situation. What Islam aims is that whatever be the form of mechanism
of economic activity, the principles prescribed by it should find a
permanent and paramount place in such activities circumstances and
in all ages.
According to the Islamic point of view, God has created for
mankind the earth and all that it contains. It is, therefore, the
birth-right or every human being to try and secure his share out of the
world. All men enjoy this right equally and none can be deprived of it,
nor should one man get precedence over another. From the standpoint
of Islam, here can be no bar on any individual, race, or class, for
taking to certain means of livelihood or adopting certain professions.
All are entitled to equal opportunities in the economic realm.
Similarly no distinction is valid in Islam which would result in
creating a monopoly of a particular means of livelihood for a
particular person, class, race, or group of people. It is the right of all
men to strive and get their share of the means of sustenance provided
by God on the earth. Islam ensures that this effort should be made in
the context of equal opportunities and fair chances for all.
Resources which are provided by nature free of cost, and which
can be used directly by man may be utilized freely and every one is
entitled to benefit from them to the extent of his needs. Water flowing
in the rivers and springs wood in the forest trees, fruits of wild plants,
wild grass and fodder, air, animals of the jungle, minerals under the
85
surface, of the earth and similar other resources cannot be
monopolized by anyone nor can a restriction of any sort be imposed
on their free use by God’s creatures to fulfill their own needs. Of
course people who want to use any one of these things for commercial
purposes can be required to pay taxes to the state. Or if there is a
misuse of the resources, the Government may step in and set the
things right. But there is no bar on the individuals to avail of God‘s
earth as long as they do not interfere with the rights of others or of the
state.
A. Vocabulary
Evolve : develop
Deprive : take something away
Entitle : give a right
Distinction : difference
Strive : try
Sustenance : food
B. Exercises
Answer the following questions!
1. Why does Islam lay down some principles and prescribe
certain limits for the economic activity of man?
2. What does Islam aim in the form of mechanism of economic
activity?
3. What does God created for mankind?
4. Why can’t all men be deprived in sharing out of the world?
5. Is distinction which would create a monopoly of a particular
means of livelihood for a particular person valid in Islam?
6. Who has the right to strive and get the share of the means of
sustenance provided by God in the earth?
7. Can resources which are provided by nature free of cost be
used freely?
8. Can water flowing in the rivers and springs be monopolized by
anyone?
9. What can be levied on people who use natural resources for?
10. What will government do if there is a misuse of the resources?
86
C. Grammar Used
Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect is used when the speaker wishes to indicate that the
event in the past time is relevant(important) in the present or future
time. The adverbials today, this week, this year refer to the present
time. Past time adverbials yesterday, last night, a minute ago, cannot
be used with present perfect.
Examples: God has created for mankind the earth.

I have done my homework.
The student has gone to the library.
Have you finished your work?
has created, have done, has gone are the present perfect
(have/has + past participle)
Complete the sentences with a verb from the list.
break buy decide finish forget go

go invite see not/see take tell
1. “Can I have this newspaper?” “Yes, I …………….with it.”

2. I ……………some new shoes. Do you want to see them?
3. “Where is Mahmud?” “He …………….out.”
4. I’m looking Mrs. Kartika. ……………..you……………her?
5. Look! Somebody …………that window.
6. “Does your mother know that you’re going away?” “Yes, I
…………….her.”
7. I can’t find my book. Somebody …………….it.
8. I’m looking for Anita. Where ……………she ………?
9. I know that man but I …………….his name.
10. Mr. Sanjaya is having party tonight. He …………….a lot of
people.
11. What are you going to do? ……………..you…………….?
12. “Where are my glasses?” “I don’t know. I ……………them.”
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Make sentences using present perfect! Use these verbs in the
sentences.
talk, buy, answer, talk, live, know, see, eat, start, attend.
Find the word in the text that has similar meaning to:
1. whole : ………………………………….
2. developed : ………………………………….
3. purposes : ………………………………….
4. situation : ………………………………….
5. same : ………………………………….
6. difference : ………………………………….
7. specific : ………………………………….
8. chance : ………………………………….
9. used : ………………………………….
10. limitations : ………………………………….
E. Fill in the blanks using the italicized words provided
Original attempted reconcile philosopher symbolic

wrote
Al-Farabi was the greatest …………of Islam before Avicenna. He

………commentaries on a number of Aristotelian texts and
………..many original treaties on psychology, mathematics, and the
occult sciences. In both his commentaries and …………compositions,
al-Farabi …………to demonstrate the unity of Plato and Aristotle and
to prove the primacy of philosophy. He maintained that, in contrast to
philosophy, religion represents the truth in a ………….form for non
philosophers. In all his writings, which reveal the influence of a
mystical Neoplatonism, he attempted to ………… Islam with
philosophy.
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CHAPTER II
THE PROBLEM OF EQUALITY
If we observe the phenomena of nature and God's blessings unto

mankind we find that He has, not observed equality in the distribution
of His bounties and favors but in His infinite wisdom has accorded
precedence to sonic individuals over others. Beauty of form,
pleasantness of voice, excellence of physique and mental talents, etc.,
have not been granted to men in equal degree. The same is the caw
with the material means of life. Human nature has been so ordained
that divergence, variety and inequality among men in their modes and
standards of living seems to be the most natural thing.
Variety is the spice of life and the driving spirit behind human
effort and excellence. Consequently all those schemes and ideologies
which want to force upon mankind any artificial economic equality
are mistaken, unrealistic and impossible of achievement. The equality
in which Islam believes is equality in respect of the opportunities of
struggle for securing a livelihood and for climbing the uppermost rung
of the ladder of well-being and prosperity. Islam desires that no legal,
functional or traditional handicaps should exist in society to prevent
an individual from struggling for a living according to his capacity
and talent nor should any social distinctions subsist with the object of
safe guarding the privileges, of a particular class, race, and dynasty or
group of people. All those schemes and ideologies which serve the
vested interests or which want to perpetrate the hold of a certain group
are repugnant to Islam and can have no place in as scheme of things.
Such movements seek to establish, through force and resort to
artificial means, an unnatural inequality in place of the natural limited
inequality which feeds the springs of incentive to effort in a society.
Hence, Islam aims at wiping them out and putting the economic
system on the natural footing so that the opportunities of struggle may
remain open to all.
At the same time Islam does not agree with those who desire to
enforce complete equality in respect of the means of production and
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the fruits of economic endeavour, as they aim at replacing limited
natural inequalities by an artificial equality. Only that system can be
the nearest to human nature in which everyone joins the economic
struggle at the stage and in the circumstances in which God has
created him. He who has inherited and aeroplane should struggle
equipped with it; while he who has only a pair legs should stand on his
feet and try to move ahead. The laws of society should neither be such
as would establish a permanent monopoly of the aeroplane-owner
over his aeroplane and make it impossible for the bare-footed to
acquire an aeroplane nor such that the race for everyone of them
should compulsorily begin from one point and under the same
conditions and they should perforce be tied to each right till the end of
the race. Contrary to this, the economic laws should be such as to
make it possible for the bare-footed, who started his race under
adverse condition, to secure and possess an aeroplane if he can do so
by dint of his struggle and ability, and for him who inherited the
aeroplane, to be left behind in the race and be without it if that is due
to his own inability or incapacity or inefficiency. Effort should be paid
and inactivity penalized.
A. Vocabulary
Infinite : endless
Accord : give
Struggle : to try very hard
Perpetrate : make an error
Enforce : to make sure
Repugnant : disgusting
Inherited : received something from the previous owner
B. Exercises
Answer the following questions!
1. How does God give Hiss blessings unto mankind?
2. Has God accorded same precedence to all individuals?
3. Have beauty of form, pleasantness of voice, excellence of
physique and mental talents, etc, been granted to men in equal
degree?
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4. What is the equality which Islam believe?
5. What does Islam desire?
6. What are the things that are considered as repugnant to Islam?
7. What are the aims of Islam at wiping ideologies that seem
unequal?
8. Why doesn’t Islam agree with people who desire to enforce
complete equality in respect of the means of production and
the fruits of economic endeavor?
9. How should the economic laws be?
10. Is inactivity penalized?
C. Grammar Used
Adjectives
An adjective is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun.
- adjective + noun (heavy box / big eyes)

Examples:
There is a blue car.
adj n
She has nice bracelet.
adj n
That is a good house.
adj n
- be (am/is/were, etc) + adjective

Examples
The car is blue.
The bracelet is nice.
The houses are good
- look/feel/smell/taste/sound + adjective
Examples:
She looks happy.
It smells good.
The cake tastes nice.
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Exercises 1.
The words in the list are adjectives (hot, fresh) and nouns (water, air). Use an
adjective and a noun to complete each sentence.
Air clouds foreign holiday small job

Language sharp Book dangerous fresh
hot knife long water black
Example: I take a small book.

adj n
1. Do you speak any ……………………?

2. Look at those ……………………. It’s going to rain.
3. Amir works very hard and he is very tired. He needs a
……………………
4. I want to have a bath but there is no ……………………….
5. Can you open the window? We need some …………………..
6. I need a …………………….to cut these onion.
7. Fire-fighting is a …………………
Exercise 2
Add an adjective to each of the following sentences!
Example : I see a ……….. woman.

I see a beautiful woman.
1. The family rents ……….. house.

2. we need light in here. The room is very………..
3. Why don’t you choose this ……….. bag.
4. That girl looks ………… She has worked for eight hours.
5. Be careful. Your father sounds ……….
6. What a ……….. life. You already have ……….. baby.
7. The medicine tastes …………
8. Yogyakarta is not ………… place to be visited.
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9. Mrs. Tisnawati looks ………… because her husband got an
accident.
10. We don’t need to bring this ………. Umbrella. It is useless.
Find the word in the text that has opposite meaning to:
1. finite : …………………………………….
2. equality : …………………………………….
3. original : …………………………………….
4. poverty : ……………………………………
5. modern : ……………………………………
6. find : ……………………………………
7. unrestricted : ……………………………………
8. give up : ……………………………………
9. farthest : ……………………………………
10. loosened : ……………………………………
Invited idols revelation monotheism appeared begins

initially
When Muhammad was 40 the angel Gabriel …………to him in a cave

outside Mecca, beginning the …………of the Koran. Muhammad’s
prophetic mission …………attracted only a small group of dedicated
followers. The Meccan elite were alarmed by his ………….and his
call for the destruction of all ……….. They opposed him, harassed his
followers, and plotted to kill him. In 622 he was ………by the people
of Yathrib (later named Medina) to move to that city and settled the
disputes that had paralyzed it. With this move, called the Hegira, the
Muslim calendar …………..
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CHAPTER III
SOCIAL JUSTICE
Islam does not wish that this economic race takes place in an
atmosphere of cold impartiality, moral neutrality and social apathy. It
deems it desirable that the participants in the economic race should be
considerate and sympathetic to one another. On the one hand, Islam,
through its through its moral injunctions, aims at creating a feeling of
mutual love and affection among the people, under which they may
help their weak and weary brethren and at the same time create. a
permanent institution in the society to guarantee help assistance to
those are lacking in the necessary means of subsistence. People who
are unable to take part in the economic race should secure their share
from this social institution. And those who need some assistance to
commence their struggle in the economic field may also receive it in
full measure from this institution. To this end Islam has commanded
that Zakat should be levied at the rate of 2,5% per annum on the total
accumulated wealth of the country as well as on the invested capital;
5% to 10% should be collected on the agricultural produce of all 'ushr,
20% on certain mineral products. The annual Zakat should also be
levied at a specified rate, on the herds of cattle owned by anyone
beyond a certain minimum number. The amount . of Zakat thus
collected is to be spent on giving assistance to the poor, the orphans
and the indigent. This provides a means of social insurance in the
presence of which no one in an Islamic society can ever remain
without being well-provided with the necessities of life. No worker
can ever be forced through fear of starvation, to accept any conditions
of employment which may be dictated to him by the industrialist or
the landlord to his disadvantage. And nobody's physical health can
ever be allowed to fall below the minimum standard of fitness for lack
of proper medical care and hospitalization.
As regards the position of the individual vis-a-vis the
community, Islam aims at striking such a balance between them as
would promote the individual liberty of a person and at the same time
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ensure that such freedom is not detrimental to the interests of the
community as a whole, but is positively conducive to its growth and
tranquility. Islam does not approve of a political or economic
organization which aims at merging the identity of the individual into
that of the community and depriving him of the freedom essential for
a proper development of his personality and talent. The inevitable
consequence of nationalizing all the means of production a country is
the annihilation of the individual by the community, and in these
circumstance the existence and development of his individuality
becomes extremely difficult, If not impossible. Just as political and
freedom is essential for the individual, economic freedom is likewise
indispensable for civilized moral existence. Unless we desire to
completely eliminate the individuality of man our social life should
have enough margin for an individual to be free to earn his living to
maintain the freedom of his conscience, and to be able to develop his
moral and intellectual faculties according to his own inclinations and
aptitudes. Living on a dole or virtual dole at the hands of others cannot
be very satisfying, even though it is plentiful because the retardation
of mental, moral and spiritual development to which it ultimately
leads can never be compensated or counter-balanced by mere physical
welfare and prosperity which too are doubtful.
A. Vocabulary
Deem : regard
Injunction : order
Detrimental : ruined
Tranquility : quiet and peaceful
Annihilation : destroy
Indispensable : very needed
Dole : distribute
B. Exercises
Answer the following questions based on the tex!
1. What is Islam not wished in the economic principles?
2. What does Islam aim through its moral injunction?
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3. Why does Islam command zakat?
4. How much should zakat be levied per annum on the total
accumulated wealth of the country as well as on the invested
capital?
5. How much should Zakat be collected on the agricultural
produce of all ‘ushr?
6. Who will accept zakat?
7. What does zakat provide?
8. What does Islam aim at striking such balance between the
position of the individual to face the community?
9. What does Islam not approve?
10. What is the inevitable consequence of nationalizing all the
means of production in a country?
C. Grammar Used
Adverb of Frequency
always 100 % all of the time

usually most of the time
often 50 % much of the time
sometimes some of the time
seldom almost never
never 0% not at any time
Subject Adv. Of Verb Adverb

frequency
Amir always studies at night
Siti usually studies at night
Ambar often studies at night
Harun sometimes studies at night
Abas seldom studies at night
Nani never studies at night
Those adverbs of frequency come before the verb of a sentence.
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Now compare the position of the adverbs of frequency.
Amir is always busy

Siti is usually at home in the evening
Ambar is often late
Adverbs of frequency come after forms of be (am, are, is)

Adverbs of frequency come between two verbs (have……….been/
will……….remember)
I will always remember you
They have never been to Europe.
She has often gone to the cinema.
Have you ever been to Japan?
Notes: Ever, meaning ‘at any time’ has the same position as adverbs
of frequency. It is used in questions but not in affirmative
statements.
Exercise 1
Write these sentences with the words in bracket!.
Example: That woman comes late. (often)
That woman often comes late.
1. My brother speaks to me. (never)
My brother ………………………………………
2. Your brother is polite. (always)
Your brother …………………………………….
3. He finishes work at 5 o’clock. (usually)
He ……………………………………….
4. Ani has gone to my house. (never)
Ani ……………………………………………
5. I go to bed before midnight. (rarely)
I …………………………………………….
6. The manager of this hotel isn’t late. (usually)
The manager ………………………
7. Mr. Ahmad doesn’t eat fish. (often)
Mr. Ahmad ………………………………….
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8. I will forget what you said. (never)
………………………………………………
9. Have you ever lost your wallet (ever)
…………………………………………….
10. They work in the same office. (always)
…………………………………………...
11. Is Dinda here? (seldom)
……………………………………………………………
12. All of the workers don’t work on Saturday. (usually)
…………………………….
13. What do you have for lunch? (usually)
……………………………………………
Find the words in the text to fill the blanks!
1. There are more than sixty …………. follow the speech
competition.
2. That is a ………….. board that it cannot be removed.
3. Those children do not have parents anymore. They
become………..
4. …………. threats the refugees because there are not enough
food for them.
5. The country celebrate their …………from the dictator
government.
6. The beggar needs a ………….. from the rich people.
7. The position of the …………. and the community should be
balance.
8. Most of the people of this village are poor. They really need
some …………..from the government.
9. The students …………..some money and give them to their
friend who really need it.
10. The process of learning and teaching in this school is very
………… that the teachers and the students feel comfortable.
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Centuries fundamental literary highest interpreting

preserve remained
Koran contains the ………..teachings of the faith, and is the

foundation of all other expressions of Islam in both the temporal and
spiritual realms. Muslims hold it in the ………esteem. Not only are its
contents of central concern to their piety, but reading the Koran itself
an act of religious significance. It is generally read in the original
Arabic to ……….the sacredness that is interwoven with its
………style, and to remain true to the nuances and levels of meaning
that would be lost in a translation. Over the………., commentaries on
the Koran became an important aspect of Islamic religious
scholarship. Varying methods of ………..its texts formed the basis for
different schools of Islamic thought. The text itself, however, has
………….inviolate.
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CHAPTER IV
OBLIGATIONS AND RESTRICTIONS
Take the case of earning a livelihood first. The meticulous care
with which Islam has distinguished between right and wrong in
respect of the means of earning wealth is not to be found in any other
legal and social system existing in the world. It condemns as illegal all
those means of livelihood which injure, morally or materially, the
interests of another individual or of the society as a whole. Islamic law
categorically rejects as illegal the manufacture and sale of liquor and
other intoxicants; adultery; professional dancing and obscenity,
gambling; speculation, races and lotteries; transactions of speculative '
imaginary, fraudulent or controversial nature; business transactions in
which the gain of one party is absolutely guaranteed and assured
-while that of the other party is left- uncertain and doubtful; price
manipulation by with holding the sale of necessities of life; and many
other similar transactions which are detrimental to the interests of the
community. If we examine this aspect of the economic laws of Islam
we will find a long list of practices declared illegal- most of which can
and are making people millionaires in the capitalistic system. Islam
forbids all these unfair means through which a person renders some
real and useful service to the community and thereby entitles himself
to a fair and just compensation for it.
Islam accepts the rights of ownership of an individual over the
wealth earned by him by legitimate means but even these rights are not
unqualified. A man can spend his legitimate wealth, only illegitimate
avenues and by legitimate means. Islam has imposed restrictions on
expenditure so that while one can lead a decent life, one cannot waste
one's riches on luxurious pursuits. A person cannot transgress the
prescribed limits of exhibiting his status and influences and behave as
a super-being vis-a-vis other persons. Certain forms of illegal and
wasteful expenditure have been clearly and unequivocally prohibited
while some others, though not expressly banned, may be prohibited at
the discretion of the Islamic state.
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One is permitted to accumulate wealth that is left over after
meeting his legitimate and reasonable requirements and these savings
can also be used in producing more wealth but there are some
restrictions on both of these activities. In the event of accumulation of
wealth he will, of course, have to pay Zakat at the rate of 2,5% per
annum on the accumulation exceeding the specified minimum*lf he
desires to invest in business he can only do so in what is declared as
legitimate business. It is permissible for a man to undertake the
legitimate business himself or to make his capital available to others
on profit-loss sharing basis. It is not at all objectionable in Islam if,
working within these limits, a man becomes even a millionaire; rather
this will constitute a Divine favour. But in the interests of the
community as a whole Islam imposes two conditions on the
individual; first that he should pay Zakat on his commercial goods and
'Ushr (1/10) of the value of agricultural produce; secondly, that he
should deal-fairly and honestly with those whom he brings into his
partnership in trade, industry, or agriculture, with those whom he
takes in his employment and with the state and the community at
large. If one does not do justice to others, particularly his employees,
of his on accord, the Islamic state will compel him to do so.
A. Vocabulary
Meticulous : great attention
Injure : hurt
Unequivocally : one possible meaning
Discretion : freedom to decide
Exceed : greater number
Undertake : make responsible
Compel : make to do
B. Exercises
Answer the following questions based on the text.
1. What means of livelihood is condemned by Islam?
2. Mention some activities rejected by Islamic law!
3. Why does Islam forbid the capitalistic system?
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4. May people become millionaires in the economic laws of
Islam? Give your reason!
5. Does Islam accept the rights of ownership of an individual
over the wealth?
6. What has Islam imposed on expenditure?
7. What can’t a person transgress?
8. Who is permitted to accumulate wealth?
9. When does someone have to pay zakat?
10. What will the Islamic state do if one does not do justice to
others?
C. Grammar Used
Tag Question
Statement + Tag Question Answers

Tina is here, isn’t he? Yes, she is
No, she isn’t
Tina isn’t here, is she? No, she isn’t

Yes, she is
Isn’t she? and is she? are tag questions. Negative tag questions follow
affirmative statements. Affirmative tag questions follow negative
statements.
You must go, mustn’t you?

She can dance, can’t she
They speak English, don’t they?
Exercise 1.
Add tag questions in the sentence
Example : Ahmad doesn’t have much money, …………….?
Ahmad doesn’t have much money, does he?
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1. English is an easy language,…………..?
2. Most people in Brazil speak Portuguese,…………?
3. A man can work harder than a woman,…………?
4. She never studies at night,…………...?
5. Edison invented electric light,…………..?
6. Her boyfriend comes from Klaten,…………...?
7. The students rarely come late,…………?
8. She has many friends in her campus,…………?
9. They have a car,………..?
10. Mrs. Ida often went to Surabaya,………….?
11. Joni seldom goes to the cinema,…………?
12. That car is very expensive,………….?
13. Two persons watch the fighting,…………?
14. You and I fell in love two months ago,…………?
15. Mr. Chitatoo is a strong man from Cilacap,………….?
Exercise 2
Make your own sentences using the following clues
Example : …………………………,does she?
She doesn’t give good reasons, does she?
1. ……………………….., can’t we?

2. ……………spoke Javanese,…………..?
3. Mr. President never…………………,…………..?
4. ………….expected………….., did he?
5. The cat…………………., isn’t it?
6. The hill …………….., is it?
7. ……………………………, don’t we?
8. My suitcase ………………., isn’t it?
9. It is too stormy for planes to fly,…………?
10. Dedy…………………………., doesn’t he?
11. Mr. Takur…………………….., did he?
12. Everyone…………………….., does he?
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1. The war victims are left in an ……………condition. They
become jobless and homeless.
2. After winning the competition, they become
…………..because of much money they have got.
3. We have to spend our wealth in right……………and legal
means.
4. If you have a ticket, you are …………. to see the concert.
5. The students have………..the two definitions of economic
systems in America.
6. That man is ………….to go out from this country because he
is suspected of doing big crimes.
7. Market is the place to have ………….. between the buyers and
the sellers
8. This large company has three thousands …………….who are
educated.
9. The head of university ……………the opening of the new
faculty.
10. If I have much money I will …………it in garment business.
became defeated revelation campaign spread

formed
In Yathrib the muslim community was ………and grew in strength.

Islam ……….the religion of Yathrib, and the city’s religious, social,
economic, and political life was organized according to Islamic
teachings. At the same time Muhammad continued to receive
……….., much of it now concerning the social life of the community.
From Yathrib, Islam began to ………..and soon came into conflict
with Mecca. The meccans were …………..in series of battles, and the
city surrendered to Muhammad in 630. From then on Islam spread
rapidly throughout Arabia. Tribes were converted, and military
…………and marriage pacts forged a united Islamic society.
Muhammad died in 632 and was buried in Medina.
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CHAPTER V
THE SPIRITUAL SYSTEM OF ISLAM
What is the spiritual system of Islam and what is its relation with
the system of life as a whole? To understand this it is necessary to
carefully study the difference between the Islamic concept of
spirituality and that of other religions and ideologies. In the absence of
a clear understanding of its difference it often happens that when
talking about the spiritual system of Islam many of the vague notions
,associated with the word "spiritual" unconsciously come to one’s
mind, and in this state of confusion, it becomes difficult for one to
comprehend the spiritual system of Islam which not only transcends
the dualism of spirit and matter but is the nucleus of the integrated and
unified concept of life presented by Islam.
The idea which has been most influential in making the climate
of thought in philosophy and religion is that body and soul are
mutually antagonistic and conflicting and hence they cannot go
together in life, and one can develop only at the cost of the other. For
the soul, the confines of body and matter are a prison-house; the
mundane activities of worldly life are the shackles with which the soul
is kept in bondage and its growth is arrested. This has inevitably led to
the spiritual and the secular. Those who chose the secular path were
convinced, at the very outset, that the demand of spirituality could not
be complied with and thus went headlong into a sensate outlook in life
culminating in stark materialism and hedonism. Consequently all
spheres of worldly activity, may they be social, political, economic or
cultural, were deprived of the light of spirituality and the world was
smitten with injustice and tyranny. On the other hand those who
wanted to tread the path of spiritual excellence innovated such ways
and devices for the development and elevation of the spirit, as to make
them . “noble outcasts” in this world. They believed that it was not
possible to find any process for spiritual growth which might be
compatible with a normal life in this world. In their view physical
self-denial and mortification of the flesh were necessary for
developing and perfecting the spirit. They invented spiritual exercises
105
and ascetic practices which would kill one's physical desires and
render the body senseless, and even useless. They regarded forests,
mountains and other solitary places , as ideal places for spiritual
development because in those hide-outs the hustle and bustle of
civilization ' would not interfere in their spiritual practices and
nose-gazing meditations. They could not conceive of the feasibility of
any means of spiritual development except by withdrawing
themselves from world and its affairs and severing all contacts with
society and civilization.
This conflict of body and soul resulted in the evolution of two
different ideals for the perfection of man. One of the ideals was of
material perfection, which meant that a man should be surrounded by
so the material comforts and bounties of the world and regard himself
as nothing but an animal, the ideal being to seek dizzy heights in this
realm. The result was that he could excel as an animal but the man in
him could not seek its flowering. Men learned to fly like birds, swim
like crocodiles, run like horses and even terrorize and destroy like
wolves-- but to live like noble human beings they learned not. The
other ideal was of the perfection of spiritual life to an extent that the
senses are not only subdued and conquered but supra-sensory powers
are awakened and the limitations of the sensory world are done away
with. With these new conquests men could catch distant voices like
powerful wireless sets, see remote objects as one does with the
telescope and develop powers through which the mere touch of their
hand or focus of their sight may heal the unhealable. This
supra-sensory field has been the other avenue of human advancement,
but how throbbing human this really is--it is not difficult to visualize.
A. Vocabulary
Vague : clearly expressed
Confusion : uncertainty
Transcends : beyond the normal limits
Climate : general attitude
Confines : limits
Mundane : ordinary
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Shackles : linked
Inevitably : certainly
Convince : to make someone belief
Deprive : take away
Smitten : great effect
Excel : good
Conquest : defeat
Throbbing : feeling pain in regular beats
B. Exercises
1. What must we do to understand the spiritual system of Islam
and what is its relation with the system of life as a whole?
2. When does a person become confused when talking about
spiritual system of Islam?
3. Why does it become difficult for one to comprehend the
spiritual system of Islam?
4. What are mutually antagonistic and conflicting?
5. Why can’t the body and the soul go together in life?
6. Where were places regarded as ideal places for spiritual
development?
7. What did the conflict of body and soul result?
8. Name the two different ideals for the perfection of man!
9. What is meant by material perfection?
C. Grammar Used
Phrasal Verbs 1
A phrasal verb is a verb, for example go + in, look + out, etc.

Dina opened the door and got in (= into the house)
I waited outside the house. I didn’t go in
107
Exercise 1.
Complete the sentences using the verbs in the list. Put the verb into the
correct form
Stand up get up look up lie down drive away

come back look out
Fall off get on look around sit down run away
get out
Example : I go to the window and …………

I go to the window and look out.
1. The thief ………….because the police chased him.

2. If you want to practice riding a bicycle, you should be careful.
Don’t ………….
3. She always ……………early in the morning.
4. The bus arrived and I ………………
5. I tried to find my friend in the bus station, so I ……………..
6. Would you like to ………….. You have to wait for one hour
to meet the manager.
7. When I felt sad at night, I opened the window and ………….at
the stars.
8. My father went to the garage, opened the door of the car and
…………….
9. The rooms were full of people, so I ……………from it.
10. After having an interview, he ………….and left the room.
11. Please go away and don’t …………..!
12. It makes me sad to see many orphan children …………..on the
floor.
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences. Use a verb from the box +
on/off/up/down/over. Put the verb into the correct form
Break fall give slow take climb
Carry get hold speak wake + on/off/up/ down/over
108
Example : I went to sleep at 10 o’clock and ………….at 5 o’clock the
next morning.
I went to sleep at 10 o’clock and woke up at 5 o’clock the
next morning.
1. It’s time to go. ………………..a minute. I’m not ready yet.
2. The train ………………….and finally stopped.
3. I like flying but I’m always nervous when the plane
…………………….
4. How was your exam? How did you …………………
5. It’s difficult to hear you. Can you……………………a little?
6. This car isn’t very good. It has …………………many times.
7. When the babies try to walk, they sometimes …………………
8. I told him to stop but he ………………….. Perhaps he didn’t
hear me.
9. I tried to find a job but I ………………… It was impossible.
10. The wall wasn’t very high, so we ……………………
1. understand : ………………………
2. assured : ………………………
3. discovered : ………………………
4. fruitless : ………………………
5. intervene : ………………………
6. ruin : ………………………
7. sounds : ………………………
8. only : ………………………
9. equipment : ………………………
10. distinction : ……………………….
Threat known as gods changed receptive contrasted

Allah
Preach Mecca Yathrib
109
When the Prophet Muhammad began to ………his new message to
the citizens of Mecca, it ………greatly with their traditional religious
beliefs because it demanded that they abandon the worship of many
………..to give devotion to ………..alone. Many responded with
hostility, in part because they felt Muhammad was a ………..to the
economic benefits of the religious rites and shrines that attracted
pilgrims to ………… For their own safety, Muhammad and his
followers abandoned Mecca, taking up residence in a nearby city,
Yathrib. Here the citizenry was much more ………to the Islamic
message, and Muhammad was soon made governor. In Muslim
tradition this escape to ……….in the year 622 became ………the
Hegira, the “flight.” From this Hegira Muslim calendars are dated.
Yathrib’s name was later ……….to Medina or “City of the Prophet”
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CHAPTER VI
CRITERION OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
This exposition of the basic approach of Islam let us try to the
criterion given by Islam to judge the development or decay soul. The
answer to this question lies in the concept of Khilafat which has just
been mentioned. In this capacity as the Khalifah (viceregent) of God,
man is answerable to Him for all his activities. It is his duty to use all
the powers with which he is invested and all the means placed at his
disposal in this world, in accordance with the Divine will. He should
utilize to the fullest extent all the faculties and potentialities bestowed
upon him for seeking the approbation of God. In his dealings with
other human beings he should adopt an attitude is approved by God.
In brief, all his efforts and energies should be directed towards
regulating the affairs of this world in the manner in which God wants
them to be regulated. The more admirably a man performs this
function, with a sense of responsibility, obedience. and humility, and
with the object of seeking the pleasure of the Lord, the nearer he will
be to God. In Islarn, spiritual development is synonymous with
nearness to God. Likewise he will remain away from God if he is lazy,
slothful, transgressor, rebellious and disobedient. And being away
from God signifies, in Islam, the spiritual fall and decay of man.
This explanation should make it clear that from the Islamic point
of few the sphere of activity of religious minded man and of a secular-
minded man is the same. Both will work in the same field of action;
rather a man of religion will work greater enthusiasm than a secular-
minded person. The man of religion will be as active as the seeker
after the world or indeed much more active, in the domestic and social
functions of life which extend from the confines of the household to
the market square or the venue of international conference. Of course
what will distinguish their course of action will be the nature of their
relations with God and the objective which they pursue. Whatever a
religious man does, will be with the feeling that he is answerable to
God, with the object of securing Divine Pleasures and in accordance
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with the Law which God has ordained for him. As against this a
worldly person will be irresponsible, indifferent towards God and will
be guided only by his personal motives in his action. These
differences make the whole of the material life of a man of religion a
thoroughly spiritual venture and the whole of the life of a worldly
person devoid of the spark of spirituality.
A. Vocabulary
Criterion : standard principle
Decay : ruin
Disposal : getting rid
Approbation : permission
Slothful : being lazy
Transgressor : person who against religious principle
Rebellious : desire fights authority.
Confines : limits
B. Exercises
Answer the following questions based on the text.
1. To whom is a man answerable all his activities?
2. What should man do to seek the approbation of God?
3. What should man do in his dealings with other human beings?
4. How should man direct all his efforts and energies?
5. When does a man become nearer to God?
6. When is a man away from God?
7. What will happen to a man if he remains away from God?.
8. Is the sphere of activity of religious minded man and of a
secular-minded man the same?
9. What is the difference between the religious minded man and a
secular-minded man?
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C. Grammar Used
Phrasal Verb 2
Sometimes a phrasal verb has an object.

Verb object
Put on your coat
We can say:
put on your coat
Or put your coat on
Other examples
- It was dark, so I turned on the light
(or turned the light on)
- You can borrow my umbrella but you have to bring it back.
- I stopped reading and put my book down.
(or put down my book)
Exercise 1.
Complete the sentences. Use one of the verbs in the list + it/them!
Bring pick switch take turn take put

(+on/off/up/back)
Example : It is too noisy because of the radio, please ………………...

It is too noisy because of the radio, please turn it off.
1. I wanted to watch something on television, so I

…………………
2. I bought a lamp but it doesn’t work. I’m going to
…………………to the shop.
3. There were some gloves on the floor, so I ………………..and
put them on the table.
4. There are some books on the table. Would you please
……………..and give them to me?
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5. When I finished working on the computer, I ………………..
6. Thank you for lending me these books. I won’t forget to
………………..
7. You can wear the hat, so …………….on you head.
8. Take some pictures from this tower, after you have finished
with the camera……………
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
Your cigarette a glass or me/it/them

A pair of shoes ten houses the box
in up on away
out down over round
Example : The boy has to move ……….and ……….the table.

The boy has to move the box and put on the table.
1. They knocked ……………………when they built the new

road.
2. that music is very loud. Can you………………
3. I knocked…………………..and broke it.
4. If you want to know what a word means, you can look
…………………in a dictionary.
5. I want to keep these magazines. Please don’t throw
…………………..
6. Somebody gave me a form and told me to fill
…………………….
7. I tried …………………in the shop but I didn’t buy them.
8. I visited the school. One of the teachers showed
………………
9. Do you play the piano? No, I started to learn but gave
………………..after a month.
10. You’re not allowed to smoke here. Please put ………….
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Find the words in the text to fill the blanks.
1. As students, it is our ………..to study hard.
2. If we want to be respected by others, we should have good
………..in our daily lives.
3. All of the things in this company are ………..by the rules.
4. That boy is …………..so that his father punishes him after he
knows that his son does not do what he said.
5. It is our ………….to keep our environment from bad things.
6. Mr. Jatmiko is a ………….person. He tries to do what the
Quran stated.
7. There many journalists in that room. The president makes
press………..this morning.
8. The word “difference” is ………..with the word “distinction”
9. When we visit Bali Island, we will be ………….by the tour
leader.
10. This question is very difficult. This is not ……….because no
one can find the answer.
Leadership believed community successor create

temporal inherited
The caliphate was the office of successors to Muhammad in the

………..of the Muslims after the death of the Prophet in 632.
Muhammad did not ………..the office or designate its authority. The
Muslims …………at first elected the successor and pledged its
allegiance, but this practice was replaced by hereditary succession.
The title implied the assumption by Muhammad’s ………..of his
functions as judge and ………….leader of the community; it was
……….that the spiritual guidance of the community had been
………….by the community as a whole.
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CHAPTER VII
ROAD TO SPIRITUALITY (1)
Now we are in a position to briefly understand the road which
Islam chalks out for the pursuit of spiritual development of man in the
context of the mundane life in this world.
The first step in this direction is Iman (faith). It means that the
idea which should hold supreme in the mind and heart of a man is
that: God alone is his Master, Sovereign and Deity, seeking His
Pleasure is the aim of all his endeavours ; and His Commands alone
constitute the Law of his life. This should be his firm conviction, not
merely cognition of the intellect, but also of the will. Stronger and
deeper this conviction, more profound the faith will be, and it will
enable man to tread the path of spiritual development with patience
and steadfastness and face all the vicissitudes firmly and squarely.
The second stage is of Ita’at (obedience) meaning that a man
divests himself of his independence altogether, and accepts
subservience to God in practice after having proclaimed faith in Him
as his creed. This subservience is called Islam (Obedience) in the
language of the Qur'an. Thus, it means that man should not only
acknowledge God as his Lord and Sovereign but should actually
submit before Him and fashion his entire life in obedience to the Lord.
This third stage is that of Taqwa (piety) which consists in a
practical manifestation of the faith in God in the mode of daily life.
Taqwa (piety) also consists in desisting from everything which God
has forbidden or even that which he disapproves even slightly, in a
readiness to undertake all that God has commanded and in observing
the distinction between lawful and unlawful, right and wrong, and
good and bad in life.
The last and the highest stage is that of Ihsan (benediction)
which signifies that man has identified his will with the Will of God
and has brought it, at least as far as he is concerned, completely in
tune with the Divine Will, with the result that he has begun to like
what is liked by the Lord and to abhor what is disapproved by Him.
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Man should, then, not only himself avoid the evils which God does
not like to spread on His earth but should use all his power and energy
to wipe it off the face of the earth; and he should not merely rest
content with adorning himself with the virtues which God desires to
flourish but should also strive to establish and propagate them in the
world even at the cost of his life. A man who reaches this stage attains
the highest pinnacle of spirituality and is nearest to God.
This path of spiritual development is not meant for individuals
only but for the communities and nations as well. Like individuals, a
community also, after passing through the various stages of spiritual
elevation, may reach the ultimate stage of Ihsan (benediction) and a
state with all its administrative machinery may become Mu’min
(faithful), Muslim (obedient), Muttaqi (pious) and Muhsin
(beneficent). In fact, the ideals aimed at by Islam are achieved in a
perfect manner only when the whole community moves on this path
and a Muttaqi and Muhsin (pious and beneficent) State comes into
existence in this world.That is the acme of civilization where virtue
reigns in society is subdued.
A. Vocabulary
Mundane : keduniawian, biasa
Conviction : action finding something guilty
Chalk out : draw the outline
Mundane : ordinary
Endeavour : effort
Profound : very great
Vicissitudes : change in person
Squarely : directly
Subservience : giving much obedience
Desist : stop doing something
Pinnacle : the highest point
Pious : deep respect for God
Beneficent : Generous
Reigns : dominant rules
Subdued : under control
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B. Exercise
1. There are some steps for the pursuit of spiritual development
of man in the context of mundane life in this world. What are
they?
2. What does Iman mean?
3. What does Ita’at mean?
4. What does Islam mean?
5. What does Ihsan mean?
6. What will happen to a man if he has strong and deep
conviction?
7. What is the highest stage in one’s spiritual development?
8. What should man do to the evils?
9. When does man reach the nearest place to God?
C. Grammar Used
``Before, after, during, for, while”
I am always nervous before the exam.

(It means that I feel nervous and the exam hasn’t begun yet)
I stay at home during the rain.
(It means that in the duration of rain, I stay at home)
I feel happy after I do the exam.
(It means that I had done the exam so I feel happy)
We watched the television for two hours.
(It means that we watched the television in the period of two hours)
We didn’t speak while we were eating.
After eating the dinner, I washed my hands.
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences. Choose from the list
the concert the exam they went to
Australia
Before, during,
After, while, for + the course lunch you are waiting
the end the night almost six months
reading too much going to Osaka
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Example: He felt asleep ………………………
He felt asleep after reading too much.
1. He usually works for three hours in the morning and another

three hours ……………..
2. The film was very boring. We left …………………
3. Abbas went to evening classes to learn German. He learnt a
lot ………………
4. My aunt and uncle lived in Los Angeles ……………….
5. Bimo : Somebody broke a window…………………… Did
you hear anything?
Soni : No. I was asleep all the time.
6. Would you like to sit down………………………?
7. Are you going home…………………….? No, we’re going to
a restaurant
8. Mr. Tito lived in Malang……………………….for two years.
9. She learns to speak Japanese………………….
10. Everybody was nervous ………………..
Exercise 2
Put in during/while/for
1. We didn’t speak………………we were studying.

2. We didn’t speak ……………….the meal.
3. Mr. Cahyo phoned ………………you were out.
4. I stayed in Yogya …………….three days.
5. Danar wrote a lot of letters ………………she was on holiday.
6. The students looked very bored ………………the lesson.
7. I fell out of bed …………….I was asleep.
8. Yesterday evening I watched TV ………….an hours.
9. I don’t usually watch TV ……………the day.
10. Do you ever watch TV ……………..you are having dinner?
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1. …………is needed when we face difficulties in our life.
2. After doing some exercises, he becomes ………… He wants
to win the international tennis competition.
3. In 17 August 1945, we …………..our independence day. We
always commemorate it every year.
4. This book ………..of 12 chapters. Each of them discusses
different subject.
5. We are ………….to enter the museum without having a ticket.
We have to buy three tickets in the locket.
6. The captain…………his soldiers to attack the enemies.
7. There was a murder in that house. The police officer
…………the victim, but they failed to disclose the mystery.
8. I gave my proposal to the director but he ………….of it. He
said that the company did not have enough funds to support
the program. That was the reason why he rejected my idea.
9. Waters ………….from the shower when you turn the faucet
on.
10. Hasan studies hard to face the final examination. He wants to
…………good mark this time.
E. Fill in the blanks using the italicized words provided.
migration produced political spread begins followed

organization
The history of Islam truly ………..with the Prophet Muhammad’s

………….from Mecca to Medina and the emergence of the Islamic
society. The Prophet’s rule in Medina …………the earliest Islamic
institutions, including those of religious-political authority, law, and
economic…………... It was also in this period that Islam
…………throughout Arabia and was consolidated as a society. The
era of Prophetic rule was …………by the first four caliphs (632-61):
Abu Bakr, Umar I, Uthman, and Ali, venerated by Sunnites as true
religious and ………….leaders.
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CHAPTER VIII
ROAD TO SPIRITUALITY (2)
Let us now cast a glance at the mechanism of spiritual training
which Islam has laid down for preparing individual and society for
this purpose.
The spiritual system of Islam rests on five fundamentals. The
first is prayer (salat) which brings man into communion with God five
times a day, reviving His remembrance, reiterating His fear,
developing His love, reminding man of the Divine Commands again
and again, and thus preparing him for obedience to God. These
prayers are not to be offered individually but it is obligatory to offer
some of them in congregation. So that the whole community and the
society may beprepared for this process of spiritual development It is
a tool of individual as well as social training in the path of spiritual
elevation in Islam.
The second is fasting (Saum) which for a full month every year
trains a man individually, and the Muslim community as a whole, in
piety and self-restraint; enables the society, the rich and the poor alike
to experience the pangs of hunger, and prepares the people to undergo
any hardship to seek the Pleasure of God.
The third is Zakat which develops the sense of monetary
sacrifice, and cooperation among Muslims. There are people who
wrongly interpret Zakat as a mere tax although the spirit underlying
Zakat is entirely different from that which lies at the root of a tax. The
real meaning of Zakat is sublimity and purification. By using this
word Islam desires to impress on man the fact that, inspired by a true
love of God, the monetary help which he renders to his brethren, will
uplift and purify his own soul.
The fourth is Hajj (pilgrimage) which aims at fostering
universal brotherhood of the faithfull as the basis of worship of God,
and has culminated in a movement which has been answering the call
of truth throughout the centuries and will, God willing, go on
answering this call till eternity.
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Last is Jihad, i.e., exerting oneself to the utmost to disseminate
the Word of God and to make it supreme and remove all the
impediments in the way of Islam, be that through the tongue, or the
pen or the sword. The idea is to live a life of dedication to the cause of
Allah and to sacrifice one's life in the discharge of this mission. This is
the type of spirituality which Islam wants to cultivate ' and not the one
that shuns life. It is affirmation of life of denial and self-negation. And
this constitutes the chief distinction of this religion.
A. Vocabulary
Revive : bring inti existence
Elevation : meninggikan
Congregation : kumpulan manusia
Remind : remember
Congregation : gathered together for religious worship
Restraint : cintrol
Seek : lok for
Renders : give something in return
Brethren : members of a group
Disseminate : to spread idea
Discharge : Perform a duty
B. Exercise
Answer the following questions based on the texts!
1. How many systems do the spiritual system of Islam rest its
mechanism of spiritual training?
2. Mention the mechanism of spiritual training which Islam has
laid down for preparing individual and society for this
purpose!
3. What is Salat?
4. How should Salat be offered incongregation?
5. What is a tool of individual as well as social training in the
path of spiritual elevation in Islam?
6. What does Saum enable all Muslims experiences?
7. What does Zakat develop?
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8. Is Zakat the same as taxes? Why?
9. What does Hajj aim?
10. What is the idea of Jihad?
C. Grammar Used
Conditional If
A. If she knows the answer, she will tell him.
B. If she knew the answer, she would tell him.
C. If she had known the answer, she would have told
him.
A. She will tell him if she knows the answer.

B. She would tell him if she knew the answer.
C. She would have told him if she had known the
answer.
(1) Sentence A describes a possible situation of present or future time.

“If she knows” implies “he might know”
(2) Sentence B describes a situation which is contrary to the real facts
of the present, or unlikely to occur in the future.
“If he knew” implies “he doesn’t know”
(3) Sentence C describes a situation of past time, one which did not
occur.
“If he had known” implies “he didn’t know”
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences using conditional ifs
Example: If I have much money,……………………
If I have much money, I will go to Bali.
1. If you don’t hurry,…………………………………..

2. I would get a certificate …………………………….
3. If I were you, ……………………………………….
4. If you fail the exam, …………………………………
5. The students would have visited National Museum in Jakarta
………………………………
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6. My father went to Semarang …………………………
7. If I had had a motorcycle, …………………………….
8. If we received some money from our boss
…………………………..
9. ………………………….., I will take a long vacation next
summer.
10. …………………………… if somebody had stolen my car.
11. I would see Eiffel Tower ………………………………
12. ……………………………if I had been sick.
13. I would watch television ……………………………….
14. Agus will come to my house ……………………………
15. I would have gone to the concert ………………………...
Exercise 2
Put the verb in the correct form
Example: If ……….the money, he would buy a fast car. (he/have)
If he had the money, he would buy a fast car.
1. If I wanted to learn American, ………………… to America.

(I/go)
2. I don’t know about television. If the television broke down,
…………… what to do. (I/not/know)
3. If we had nothing to do, …………………… bored. (we/be)
4. The team will not go that beach …………………. it is
dangerous. (they/know)
5. What would you do …………………a lot of money?
(you/win)
6. I would have bought that bag……………….. cheaper. (it/be)
7. If I had a toothache …………….to the dentist. (I/go)
8. That man will live in this town …………….. a job in here.
(he/find)
9. If there wasn’t so much traffic, …………………at the airport
early. (we/arrive)
10. They would helped you ……………..nice to them. (you/be)
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1. aim : ………………………………..
2. basics : ………………………………..
3. find : ………………………………..
4. suggested : ………………………………..
5. loyal : ………………………………..
6. height : ………………………………..
7. influence : ………………………………..
8. top : ………………………………..
9. to plant : ………………………………..
10. head : ………………………………..
payment kinds performed kinds once Revealed

piety led
The basic duties for the Muslims--the pillars of Islam—were

………..in the Koran, and exact manner of their execution was
……….. down by the Prophet. They are: prescribed prayers (salat)
…………five times each day; fasting (sawm) during the month of
Ramadhan between dawn and dusk; pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj), to be
performed at least …………in a lifetime for those who have the
means to do it; and the ………..of religious tax (zakat) intended for
the poor or works of……….. Some also include “striving in the path
of God” (jihad), which is two…………: the greater jihad, which is
…………against one’s soul in attaining spirituality; and the lesser
jihad-defending Muslims against outside aggression.
125
CHAPTER IX
THE PROPHET'S PERIOD
The Prophet started preaching Islam in Mecca in hideaways.
When conducting collective prayers, the few Muslims at that time had
to leave town and gathered at one of the hilly areas surrounding
Mecca. It was only at the end of the third year of his Prophethood that
the Prophet started openly preaching his religion, resulting in
increased hostile acts and mistreatments by the unbelievers of Mecca
against Muslims. Hardly two years after the Prophet started openly
preaching Islam, the hostile acts reached such a degree that they
caused hardly bearable suffering to many of the Prophet's followers.
Therefore, the Prophet suggested that they immigrate to Abyssinia.
They stayed three months in the African country and then returned to
Mecca, after learning that the Qurayshi tribe accepted the religion as
preached by Prophet It turned out to be false news because the
Qurayshi became even more cruel to the weak followers of the
Prophet. So, Muslims in greater numbers than before left again for
Abyssinia. Meanwhile the Prophet remained in Mecca.
Then in the eleventh year of his prophethood, an apparently
simple event took place which afterwards turned out to be a small
starting point of a new era for Islam and also for the world, i.e. the
Prophet’s encounter, at 'Aqabah, Mina, with six members of the
Khazraj tribe from Yathrib, who came to Mecca for the hajj. As a
result of this encounter, the six guests from Yathrib converted to Islam
by vowing that there is no God but Allah, and that Muhammad is His
Prophet. In meantime they told the Prophet of life at Yathrib, which
was troubled with intergroup and intertribal hostilities, (especially the
tribes of Khazraj and Aws). They hoped that Allah, through the
Prophet, might unite and bring about peace between the ever feuding
groups and tribes. They promised the Prophet to invite residents of
Yathrib to convert to Islam.
In the next hajj season, the 12th year of his prophethood, twelve
men from Yathrib came to see the Prophet at the same place, 'Aqabah.
beside recognizing the Prophet's messengership, or professing Islam,
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they also swore allegiance or promised the Prophet not to associate
Allah with anything, nor to steal, nor to commit adultery, nor to lie
and nor to betray the Prophet. This oath of allegiance to him became
known in history as the First Bay'at 'Aqabah.
Then in the following year, at the time of pilgrimage,
seventythree Muslims from Yathrib came to Mecca. They invited the
Prophet to migrate to Yathrib and again vowed allegiance to
Muhammad as their prophet and leader. The Prophet met his guests at
'Aqabah, the same place where they had met two years before. There
they swore not to associate Allah with anything, and that they would
defend the Prophet as if defending their own wives and children. In
the meantime, the Prophet should fight against their enemies and
should be friends with their friends. They and their Prophet became
united.
This oath of allegiance was known as the Second Bay'at
Aqabah. Many Islamic political thinkers considered the First and
Second Bay'at at Aqabah as the firts stones of an Islamic state
structure. Based on both bay'ats, the Prophet suggested to his
followers they migrate to Yathrib at the end of the same year, and the
Prophet himself followed several months later.
A. Vocabulary
Preach : religious speech
Hostile : strong dislike
Emigrate : to leave on e country to another
Feud : long and bitter quarrel
Allegiance : support of or loyalty
Convert : change something to another
B. Exercise
1. Why did the Prophet and his followers have to leave and
gather at one of the hilly areas surrounding Mecca?
2. How did the Prophet invite people of Mecca to fold Islam
result?
127
3. When did the Prophet begin to preach his mission openly?
4. Why did the Prophet suggest his followers to emigrate to
Abyssinia?
5. How long did the Prophet’s followers stay in the African
country?
6. Why did they return to Mecca?
7. Did the Qurayshi become more kind to the weak followers of
the Prophet?
8. Why did the Muslims leave again for Abyssinia?
9. What happened to the tribes in Yathrib before the Prophet
united them?
10. Explain briefly the Second Bay’at Aqabah!
C. Grammar Used
Subordinators: if, unless, because, although, whether, whenever,
because of, in spite of, regardless of.
Jeki will stay home if the weather isn’t nice.
Jeki will stay home unless the weather is nice.
The meaning of unless is “if………not”
Exercise 1.
Fill in the blanks using the subordinators: if, unless, because,
although, whether, whenever, because of, in spite of, regardless of.
Example : I go to California ………….you.

I go to California because of you.
1. The teacher is angry……………..the students come late.

2. Joni will buy a new car …………….he has much money.
3. I wear a raincoat ……………or not the weather is nice.
4. She didn’t bring an umbrella …………..the rain.
5. I will visit my old friend …………..the weather is nice.
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6. My grandmother can’t buy new glasses ………….her son
gives her some money.
7. I still stand under the tree ……………the bus passes in front
of me.
8. Mutia stayed at home ……………the headache.
9. We went to Yogyakarta ……………the bad weather.
10. We decided to lake ……………the distance was great.
11. Jimi usually goes to the movies on Monday …………..he has
to study.
12. I can’t work these mathematics problems…………you don’t
help me.
13. The students will do experiment ………….or not the
instruments are available.
14. I will be there ………….you need me.
15. The Minister of Education will change the rules …………of
the objections.
Find the opposite meaning of the following words from the text!
1. finished : ………………….
2. rejected : ………………….
3. kind : ………………….
4. complex : ………………….
5. separate : ………………….
6. offend : ………………….
7. friend : ………………….
8. decreased : ………………….
9. believers : ………………….
10. causing : ………………….
distinctive divided constituting important division

heartland
129
Muslims are ……….into different schools of thought, some of which
are ……….enough to be called sects. The most fundamental
………..is between the Sunnites and Shiites. The Sunnites (or Sunnis)
are by far the largest group, …………about 90 percent of all Muslims.
Shiites, however, have played an ………….role in Islamic history.
Most Shiites live in the …………of the Middle East: Iran, Iraq,
Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and the Persian Gulf states.
Sizable Shiite minorities also live in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India,
Tajikistan. Shiite Islam is itself divided into different sects, the most
important of which are the Twelve (or Imamis) and the Ismailis.
130
CHAPTER X
THE MADINAH CHARTER
The Muslims started to live within a state after the Prophet's
hijrah to Yathrib, which afterwards changed name to Madinah. It was
at Yathrib or Madinah that the first free and independent Islamic
community was born, under leadership of the Prophet, containing of
the Prophet's followers from Mecca (Muhajirin) and Muslim residents
of Madinah, and those who ' invited the Prophet to migrate to
Madinah (Ansar). But, in Madinah at that time there were also
non-Muslim communities, namely the Jews and remnants of Arab
tribes- not yet willing to accept Islam and who were still idolaters. In
other words, Muslims at Madinah were part -of a plural community.
Not long after the Prophet came to reside at Madinah, or
according to some historians not even two years after his arrival in this
city, he proclaimed a charter containing provisions to regulate life and
relationship among communities as components of a plural society at
Madinah. The charter was better known as the Madinah Charter. .
Many Muslim leaders and scholars regarded the Madinah
Charter as the constitution for the first Islamic state established by the
Prophet at Madinah. Therefore, a thorough study of this charter is of
the utmost importance within the scope of re-studying the relationship
between Islam and governmental system. There were 47 articles. For a
full understanding of the charter, its the first three articles are quoted
below:
1. This is a treaty document of Muhammad, Prophet and Messenger
of Allah, representing Muslims of the Qurayshi tribe and the
Yathrib tribe and their followers, namely, the believers and those
who participated in their struggle.
2. The Muslims constitute a firmly united community, living side by
side with other groups in the community.
3. The Muhajirin group originating from the Quraysh tribe, by
firmly adhering to the principle of 'aqidah (faith, belief), in close
cooperation (pay fines due to them.) In a proper way they pay
ransom to free their members held 'in captivity.
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The basic points established by the Madinah Charter as the
foundation for the life within a state with a plural society at Madinah
are as follows:
1. Though consisting of many tribes, all Muslims constitute one
community.
2. The relationship between fellow members of the Islamic
community and between Islamic community members and other
communities was based on the principles of
a. Being a good neighbour;
b. Mutual help in facing a common enemy;
c. Protecting those persecuted;
d. Mutual advise; and
e., Respecting freedom of religion.
It is worth noting that Madinah Charter which many political
scientist claimed as the first constitution of an Islamic state did not
mention the state religion.
A. Vocabulary
Independent : not controlled by other
Contain : something with in.
Idolaters : Person who worship
Reside : live in certain place
Proclaim : announce
Struggle : Try very hard
Capacity : being a prisoner
Persecute : treat in cruel way.
B. Exercise
1. When did Yathrib people change the name of Yathrib to
Madinah?
2. Where was the first free and independent Islamic community
born?
3. Who were the Muhajirin?
4. Who were the Ansar?
132
5. Were all Madinah people Muslims at that time?
6. Who were the idolaters?
7. What is meant by plural community?
8. How many articles were there in the Madinah Charter?
C. Grammar Used
Adjective + Preposition combinations
Mrs. Kartika is interested in mysterious novel.

Mrs. Kartika is interested in following English course.
Deni is excited about a new car.
Deni is excited about going to Japan.
Adjective + preposition combinations are followed by noun phrases,

such as mysterious novel and a new car, or –ing verb phrases, such as
following English course or going to Japan.
Other examples : please with, happy about, etc.
Exercise 1.
Complete the sentences using the list + of/with/to/about/at
tired bored accustomed disappointed pleased +

of/with/to/about/at
worried unhappy in favor surprised excited
Example : I needed a rest. I was ……….. reading the books.

I needed a rest. I was tired of reading the books.
1. Mrs. Noor likes to go to the concert. She is

…………….classical music.
2. Joni doesn’t like his job anymore. He is …………….his
past job.
3. Mr. Kusumo has a new house. It makes him happy. He is
……………
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4. He likes to smoke. He is …………..a lot.
5. She got an accident two days ago. She was …………….it.
6. Jono doesn’t pass the final exam. He is ……………….the
result of his test.
7. My mother expects to get the letters from my brother in
Australia. She is really ……………my brother because he
doesn’t give any news for five months.
8. Lina wants to ride on her new bicycle. She is …………….
it stop.
9. Miss Brown wins the lottery. She is……………….winning
the prize.
10. They don’t want to work hard anymore. They are really
………….working the whole day.
Exercise 2.
Make your own sentences using adjectives + prepositions!
1. Many people …………….in the annual sport competition.
Most of them came from foreign country.
2. When I ask their address, they say that they ………….in a
small town in West Java.
3. Knowing that it was difficult to find good jobs in his town, he
decided to …………..to Jakarta to have a better job.
4. Don’t show this secret ……………..to other people. It is
dangerous if somebody knows about this file.
5. UUD 1945 is Indonesian …………….. All of the rules in this
country are based on it.
6. If we want to survive from the difficulties, we have to
………….to overcome the problems.
7. Somebody who can manage and control organizations or other
people must have …………..thinking.
8. To be a good person, he has to have strong religious
……………because it will influence what he will do.
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9. Thomas A. Edison is a ………….. He invented electricity.
10. Dayak, Sasak, Asmat are the examples of …………..in
Indonesia.
areas cultural influence largest significant civilization
Islam has found expression in diverse cultures. The most important

Islamic ………zones are the Arab, Persian (Iranian), Turkic, south
Asian, Malay, and African. Other smaller or more recent culture
……….such as the African, American, and Chinese are also………...
The Arabs are associated with the rise of Islam. Arabic is Islam’s
sacred language, and the Arab countries of the Middle East have had a
strong ………..on the development of Islamic………….. The
majority of Muslims, however, are not Arabs. The country with the
…………Muslim population today is Indonesia.
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CHAPTER XI
THE HUDAYBIYYAH AGREEMENT
In the seventh year of residence at Madinah, the Prophet with
about 1,400 followers left for Mecca to perform the 'Umrah. But this
intention was thwarted by the Quraysh of Mecca, in spite of repeated
assurances from the Prophet that his arrival with his followers was for
the sole purpose of 'Umrah, and that they would immediately return to
Madinah after the service. On his journey to Mecca, he and his
followers were in pilgrim's garb, the ihram, without weapons except
,for the traveler's sword which was customary at that time. Observing
,the attitude of the Meccans, the Prophet stopped and set up camp on
plain of Hudaybiyyah, south of Mecca, and started negotiations with
the Quraysh by sending each other emissaries. After days of
negotiations no agreement had been reached. The Meccans, though
,they could be convinced that the urnrah was the sole purpose of the
prophet and his followers' visit to Mecca, thought that, if this took
place, then an impression could be created among the other Arab
tribes that the Quraysh had been defeated by Islam, meaning their own
destruction. On the other hand, continued prevention of the Prophet
and Muslims, from entering Mecca, could also create an unfavorable
impression for them, because, so far, each year during, the hajj period,
Mecca, especially the Ka'bah, had been open to worshipers from all
corner of Arabia. Finally, an agreement was created with the signing
of the Hudaybiyyah Pact, which amongst other things stated that the
Prophet and his followers should not enter Mecca that year, but the
Quraysh promised to allow Muslims to come to Mecca the next year
and stay three days as long as they carried no weapon except a
sheathed sword.
The point that can be made here is that, in formulating the
agreement the Prophet accepted objections put forward by the
Quraysh emissary, Suhayl ibn 'Amr. On the other hand, Suhayl never
shifted an inch from his position, which irritated many of the Prophet's
companions and they tied to suppress their anger, including 'Umar ibn
136
-Khattab. As opening words of the agreement, the Prophet ordered 'Ali
ibn Abi Talib to write down: "In the name of Allah, the Beneficent
and the Merciful", Suhayl interrupted and said that he was not
acquainted with the attribute “The beneficent and the Merciful and
asked to replace it with: "In Your Name, oh Allah" ' and the Prophet
ordered 'Ali to meet Suhayl's wish. The Prophet asked 'Ali to write
down: "The following is the text of an agreement achieved between
Muhammad the Messenger of Allah and Suhayl ibn 'Anir Suhayl
interrupted by saying that if he accepted -or believed Prophet to be the
Messenger of Allah, he could no be hostile to him and asked that the
words "Muhammad the Messenger of Allah" be replaced by
"Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah" - which angered his companions. But
again, the Prophet asked 'Ali to write in accordance with Suhayl's
wish.
Unlike the case of deciding the position at the battle of Badr, in
process of formulating the text of Hudaybiyyah Agreement, the
Prophet tooks decision to ignore many of his companions' opinions
objections.
A. Vocabulary
Perform : do
Assurance : a statement expressing certainly
Thwarted : to prevent to do
Emissaries : Persons sent to deliver a message
Convince : won
Shifted : change the place
Acquainted : making familiar with
Ignore : pay no attention.
B. Exercise
1. In the seventh of residence at Madinah, why did the Prophet
with about 1.400 followers leave for Mecca?
2. What did the Quraysh of Mecca do to the intention of the
Prophet’s arrival?
137
3. Did the Prophet want to stay in Mecca for a long time?
4. What did the Prophet and his followers do in pilgrim’s garb?
5. Why did the Prophet stop and set up camp on the plain of
Hudaybiyyah?
6. Why did the Quraysh thwart the Prophet and his followers’
visit to Mecca?
7. Why did the Meccans let the Muslims enter Mecca?
8. What was the content of the Hudaybiyyah Agreement?
9. What point can be made from the Hudaybiyyah Agreement?
10. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
C. Grammar Used
Quantity Expression : Much, many, a few, a little, a lot
COUNT NON COUNT

A few apples a little water
Many apples much water.
A lot of apples a lot of water
Affirmative Statements
I want a few apples I want a little water
Negative Statements
I don’t want many apples I don’t want much water
Yes or no question
Does we have a few apples? Does he have a little water?
1. A few and many are used with the plural forms of count
nouns.
2. A little and much are used with non count nouns.
3. A lot of is used with noun count nouns and plural forms of
count nouns.
138
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks using a little and a few!
1. I have ………..butter.
2. Asked me for ………….pencils
3. Would you please take me …………..water?
4. I bought ……………bananas yesterday.
5. I want to save ………….money in the bank.
6. Please, buy ……………bread for me.
7. There are …………..chairs over there.
8. We need ………….sugar to make the cake sweet.
9. Be careful. We must stop to buy …………gasoline.
10. Go to the kitchen and bring ……………eggs.
11. To send the letters, you need …………stamps.
12. My mother brought …………..envelops from her room.
13. I need ………….information about the artist.
14. Would you give me ……………time to think about it?
15. That poor person needs …………..help from us.
1. soon : ………………………………..
2. discussing to reach agreement : ………………..
3. forming : ………………………………..
4. caused to believe : ……………………………..
5. representatives : ……………………………….
6. strong dislike : ……………………………….
7. to pay no attention : ……………………………
8. generous : ……………………………….
9. departure : ……………………………….
10. made painful and sore : ……………………….
139
perfect conditioned model Important lies message

public
After the Koran, the Prophetic Traditions are the most

………foundation of Islam. For Muslims, Muhammad is the
messenger of God. He is also the most ……….of God’s creatures,
best suited to carry His ………..to mankind. Love for the Prophet
………..at the heart of the Islamic faith, inseparable from the word of
God that constitutes the essence of Islam. The example of the Prophet
has thus ………….the practice of the faith. Muslims emulate the
example of the Prophet in every facet of their religious, social, and
personal lives. His …………..and private conduct serves as a
………..for every Muslim.
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CHAPTER XII
THE PROPHET AND CONSULTATION
(MUSHAWARAH) (1)
For the Muslims in the new state of Madinah, the Prophet
Muhammad was everything. He was the Prophet of Allah with
authority based on his prophethood and at the same time leader of the
community and head of state. In daily life, it was difficult to make a
distinction between guidance he gave as Messenger of Allah and as
community leader or head of state. There was a similarly difficulty
with regard to his behaviour. The relationship between Muslims and
him was one between believers in his religion with total obedience
and loyalty and a leader as bearer of absolute truth with Divine
revelations source and reference, and only responsible to Allah.
Therefore, besides the Prophet's revelations and behaviour which
clarified or exhibited the teachings as outlined by Al-Qur'an, not much
could be deduced from this period in looking for the elements for the
pattern of life within a state.
Worth studying from that period could be the mechanism of
decision making related to common interests at that time, because the
mechanism may indicate the extent of community members'
involvement in managing state affairs and enlighten us as to who took
.the final decision.
In accordance with guidance in Al-Qur'an, the Prophet
developed the culture of consultation among his companions. In spite
of being a Prophet, he was fond of consulting his followers on
community affairs. But during these consultations, the Prophet did not
follow a single pattern Frequently, he consulted only some senior
companions. Not frequently he asked for advice from experts on
relevant matters or from professionals. Sometimes he exposed the
problem to a larger audience, especially issues with wide impact on
the community.
Furthermore, the Prophet did not always follow his companions'
advice. If he took such position, it was not always because the Prophet
141
had received guidance from Allah through revelation. In several
instances, the Prophet took a decision contrary to the opinion of his
companions, and then received a revelation approving the opinion
which had not been accepted by the Prophet. Below are some
examples: .I
At the battle of Badr, the Prophet decided on a position for
himself and the Islamic forces near a water well. Then a man from the
Ansar group, Hubab ibn Mundhir, came to see the Prophet and asked
whether his decision was guidance from Allah, to the effect that he
and the Islamic forces should not shift from that place, or whether his
decision was a normal war strategy. "If that is the case", Hubab said.
“oh Messenger of Allah, this is not the proper place. It would be wise
to move further ahead, to the foremost well, and then we can close the
well with sand. In the case of withdrawal, we can still drink, while the
enemy cannot". The Prophet decided to accept Hubab's suggestion
then moved with his Islamic forces to the indicated well.
A. Vocabulary
Distinction : difference
Bearer : a person who carries thing
Exhibit : show
Deduce : to arrive at facts
Involvement : taking part of something
In spite of : although
Impact : strong effect
Withdrawal : being away from something
B. Exercise
1. Besides Muhammad (p.b.u.h) was the Prophet of Allah, who
was he?
2. According to the text, how many positions did Muhammad
(p.b.u.h) have?
3. Why do his companions get difficulties to differentiate his
guidance as messenger of Allah, community leader and head
of state?
142
4. How did Muhammad (p.b.u.h) manage his community and
state affairs?
5. How did he develop to practice Al-Quran?
6. What did he sometimes expose to a larger audience?
7. Mention one of the Prophet’s consultations stated in the text!
8. Why did he follow his companions’ suggestions?
9. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?
10. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
C. Grammar Used
Connectors : and, too, either, but
See the examples

Roni can play the piano. Susi can play the piano.
Roni can play the piano and Susi can too.
Luky studies hard. Helen studies hard.

Luky studies hard and Helen does too.
The two simple sentences with identical predicates can be joined by

word and to form one compound sentence. The predicate is not
repeated completely in the second part of the compound sentence. An
auxiliary such as can or does must be included in the second part of
the sentences. Simple forms of be (is, are, etc.) are treated like
auxiliaries.
Roni isn’t a teacher. Susi isn’t a teacher

Roni isn’t a teacher, and Susi isn’t either.
Roni can’t play the piano. Susi can’t play the piano.
Roni can’t play the piano and Susi can’t either.
And and either are used to connect two negative statements when the
meanings of their predicates are the same.
143
Roni is a student. Susi isn’t a student.
Roni is a student, but Susi isn’t a student.
Susi isn’t a student. Roni is a student.

Susi isn’t a student but Roni is.
But is used to connect two statements which have the same predicate
except that one predicate is affirmative and the other one is negative.
Exercise 1.
Connect the two statements with and and too, and and either, but
Example : Dina can speak English. Soni can speak English

Dina can speak English and Soni can too
1. He is taking a course in French now. She is taking a course in

French now
……………………………………………………………………
2. Bella might not be here tomorrow. Dodi might not be here

tomorrow.
……………………………………………………………………
3. He might pass the exam. She might pass the exam.

……………………………………………...................................
4. Tirta wasn’t happy yesterday. Vonny was happy yesterday.

…………………………………………………………………..
5. We shouldn’t arrive late. The teacher shouldn’t arrive late.

…………………………………………………………………..
6. He plays volley ball well. She plays volley ball well.

…………………………………………………………………..
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7. Rina should eat more breakfast. Riko shouldn’t eat more
breakfast.
……………………………………………………………………
8. Boby often sees Joni. We rarely see Joni.

……………………………………………………………………
9. They have to take an exam. She has to take an exam.

……………………………………………………………………
10. Wina didn’t go to Mexico last year. Jacky went to Mexico last
year.
……………………………………………………………………
11. My shoes were expensive. My bag was expensive.

……………………………………………………………………
12. I always wake up early. My brother never wakes up early.

……………………………………………………………………
13. Mary arrived early. Her friends didn’t arrive early.

………………………………………………...............................
14. I will go to the party tomorrow. She will go to the party

tomorrow.
……………………………………………………………………
15. They often miss the buss. I seldom miss the buss.
……………………………………………………………………
16. Heri is going to visit Canada. Deri is going to visit Canada.

……………………………………………………………………
17. They had to study last night. We didn’t have to study last night.
……………………………………………………………………
18. Rike wasn’t at home yesterday. Bobi wasn’t at home yesterday.

……………………………………………………………………
145
Exercise 2
Make sentences using : and and too, and and either, but
Find the words in the text to fill the blank!.
1. It is the chief’s ……………to hire new staffs in this office. All
the decision is in his hands.
2. I am ………….the pen. I remember that I leave it on the table
but now it isn’t there.
3. The lawyer …………..the truth, he believed that his client did
not make mistakes.
4. If you have got some problem and you think it is difficult for
you to overcome, you can come to your parents to have
……………….
5. Mr. Ghani is really good in designing buildings. He is the
……………. In that field.
6. The show was successful. It could be seen that there were
thousands of ………………came to the show.
7. Our father can solve many problems in our family in better
ways. We say that our father is a ………….person.
8. After having consultations with the ministers, the
president……………to close one of the departments in this
country.
9. Amir is still very young to make a big decision. He still needs
……………from his parents in building his thinking.
10. The robbers took the jewelry without breaking anything. It can
……………that they really knew the condition of the place.
Wide-ranging submits submission daily written down

belief thoughts direct
Central to Muhammad’s teaching was the …………in one all-

powerful, supreme God—Allah, on whom all creation depended.
146
Humanity’s proper relation to Allah was ………..to Allah’s will. The
literal meaning of the word Islam is “submission.” One who so
………….becomes a Muslim. Allah’s revelation to Muhammad were
……………over a period of 114 suras (chapters) of the Qur-an, the
Islamic scriptures. These revelations, and therefore the Qur’an, are
looked on by Muslims at ………….communications from Allah given
through his greater prophet, not as the original ………….of
Muhammad. The content of the Qur’an is ……………, from
teachings about the nature of Allah and humanity to instructions for
…………living.
147
CHAPTER XIII
THE PROPHET AND CONSULTATION
(MUSHAWARAH) (2)
The Badr Prisoners
The Islamic forces won the battle of Badr and returned to
Madinah with 70 prisoners, among them a number of the Prophet's
relatives, such as 'Abbas, his uncle and 'Aqil ibn Abi Talib, brother of
'Ali ibn Talib, or the Prophet's cousin. He consulted his companions.
Abu Bakr argued, that they belonged to the Prophet's clan, and were in
fact his relatives. Therefore, he suggested to free them for cash
compensation which could be utilised by the companions. But, 'Umar
ibn al-Khattab suggested, in a high- pitched voice to kill them in
relation for what they had done in the past to Muslim at Mecca. 'Umar
also said that though Muslims were in need, no ransom should be
required from the prisoners. 'Umar even suggested handing over 'Aqil
to 'Ali ibn Abi Talib so that he could deal with him further, 'Abbas,
the Prophet's uncle, over to Hamzah, to another uncle, and a member
of 'Umar's own family to Umar himself
Of the two opinions, the Prophet followed the first and gave his
companions the right to choose between killing or releasing with
ransom. Because Muslims at that time were in need, the prisoners
should not be released without ransom or fida'. Upon hearing the
Prophet's guidance, his companions released the prisoners, each of
whom had to pay a ransom of 120 dinars, except 'Abbas. Because he
was rich, his ransom was set at 220 dinars. Those unable to pay the
ransom, but who could read and write, were obligated to teach
residents of Madinah with a ratio of one to ten.
Soon afterwards came the revelation in the form of Surah
Al-Anfal verse 67, condemning ransom from prisoners. When 'Umar
met the Prophet and Abu Bakr weeping, he asked the two prominent
figures why they wept. The Prophet replied that he wept over those
who asked ransom from the prisoners, and in case that on the day of
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judgment no one would be safe except 'Umar and Sa'ad ibn Mu'adh
(who supported 'Umar's opinion).
The Treatment of the Remains of 'Abdufiah ibn Ubajy ibn Salul

When a main figure of Hypocrites, Abdullah ibn Ubayi ibn Salul
died, his son came to see the Prophet and asked him to pray for his
father and the Prophet agreed. Hearing this, and also considering that
in his lifetime, 'Abdullah caused much harm to lslam and even the
Prophet himself, 'Umar opposed this and reminded the Prophet of the
Commandment of Allah in Al-Quran, the Surah Al- Tawbah verse 80,
that it is no use asking forgiveness for the hypocrites, and even if you
asked seventy times, Allah will not forgive them. But the Prophet was
determined inhis attitude and prayed for Abdullah. Not long
thereafter, a revelation descended as stated in Surah A1-Tawbah verse
84, forbidding the Prophet to pray for hypocrites who died, or to stand
by their graves.
A. Vocabulary
Prisoners : persons kept in prison
Pitch : intensity of voice
Ransom : money for the release a person
Hand over : transferring
Reply : answer
Treathment : behaving a person or thing
Remind : remember
Determined : having a strong decision
B. Exercise
1. Name some of the prisoners that belonged to the Prophet’s
relatives!
2. Why did Abu Bakr suggest to free the prisoners?
3. What did Umar suggest to do with the prisoners?
4. Why did the Muslims release the prisoners?
5. What is meant by fida?
149
6. Why did ‘Abbas have to pay a ransom of 220 dinars?
7. To the prisoners who were not able to pay the ransom and they
were able to read and write, what did they have to do to get
their freedom?
8. Which chapter in the Quran that condemns a ransom for
prisoners?
9. May Muslims pray for the hypocrites? Give your reason!
C. Grammar Used
WISH
The verb wish is used to express a situation or event contrary to the
real facts. If the event is contrary to the facts of the past, it is
expressed with had and the past participle of the following verb
expression.
Present situation Wish

I do not live in a big city now. I wish I lived in a big city now.
The girls are fighting now. I wish they weren’t fighting
now.
Past situation Wish

I did not live in a big city I wish I had lived in a big city
I broke my window I wish I hadn’t broke my
window
Notes
(1) If we believe that it might be possible for the desire to be realized,
use hope rather than wish
I’m sorry I dropped your glasses, I hope they didn’t break.
(2) The verb expression after had (been) or hadn’t (been) is usually
omitted if it is identical to what has already been said.
We didn’t go to Jakarta. I wish we had.
150
Exercise 1
Form wish sentence using the following statements
Example : Teri didn’t speak English at that time.

I wish Teri had spoken English at that time.
1. Mr. Ghofar didn’t sell his old car.

………………………………….
2. Mrs. Anita was sick.
………………………………….
3. The children felt sad.
………………………………….
4. He doesn’t know the answer.
………………………………….
5. He didn’t introduce me to his cousin.
………………………………….
6. He can’t play any musical instrument at all.
………………………………….
7. He won’t let me use his bicycle.
………………………………….
8. She isn’t listening to the radio.
………………………………….
9. Mira failed all her examinations.
………………………………….
10. I played tennis all day yesterday.
………………………………….
11. He wasn’t smiling when I saw him.
………………………………….
12. She isn’t receiving money from his family.
………………………………….
13. Alice broke her leg.
………………………………….
14. Mr. Harto had to work downtown yesterday.
………………………………….
15. Mr. Black doesn’t know how to play a guitar.
………………………………….
151
Exercise 2.
Produce your own sentence using wish form.
1. family : ……………………………….
2. gave ideas : ……………………………….
3. points of view : ……………………………….
4. regarding : ……………………………….
5. answered : ……………………………….
6. friends : ……………………………….
7. coming out of a place : ………………………...
8. distinguished : ……………………………….
9. disagreed : ……………………………….
10. sound : ……………………………….
Doctrine represented Creator Beginning absolute

posses
The most basic Islamic …………is that of the oneness of God (al-
tawhid). In Islam, God (Allah) is the supreme reality—both the
…………… and the finite. Islam has 99 names for God, names like
the Most Merciful, the Most Just, and the Most Patient—each
capturing his absolute and infinite essence. God is also the
…………..and the End; every aspect of existence is present in Him.
He is the ………..and the Lawgiver. He is a supernatural really and
does not …………..an earthly manifestation. Muslims believe that
God cannot be ……………in any worldly form. This has discouraged
the representational arts in Islam.
152
CHAPTER XIV
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
RULER AND PEOPLE
In his first address after inauguration as khalifah, Abu Bakr said.
amongst other things, that being elected to lead the people did not
mean he was better than the other members of the community.
Therefore, he asked the people to support and assist him, if he acted
properly but on the other hand, to correct him in his mistakes. He also
stated that the weak members of the community were a very strong
party until he gave them all their rights and, on the other hand, those
strong members of the community were the weak party until they
fulfilled their obligation to the community and state. He asked for
people's loyalty as long as he remained obedient to Allah and the
Prophet, and to that they neglect orders obviously violating the
teachings of Allah and the Prophet.
'Umar ibn Khattab followed the footsteps of predecessors. After
being confirmed as khalifah he immediately took the rostrum of the
mosque and addressed the audience. He said that the Arabs were like a
camel being pulled by a ring in its nose. It just followed the direction
of the pull. But, in following 'Umar he asked them to watch the
direction of the pull. Meanwhile, he promised to lead them along the
right path.
On another Occasion, 'Umar also spoke from a rostrum. "Oh ye
Muslims, what will be your attitude if someday I have a tendency for
temporal pleasures. Indeed, I fear making a mistake and that none of
you. will oppose me, only because of your respect for me. I ask you to
help me if I do well, but if I make a mistake, then correct me". One of
the audience then stood up and said: "I swear by God, oh you Amir
al-Mu'minin, that if we observe you deviating, our swords will bring
you back to the right track". 'Umar replied calmly: "May Allah bless
you all and praise be to Allah that there is someone courageous
enough among you to correct 'Umar with his sword".
153
In his first proclamation which 'Uthman ibn 'Affan immediately
sent to his governors, he emphasized that leaders should act as
guardians of the people, and not as tax collectors. Then he ordered.
that, in managing community affairs, besides asking people to fulfill
their duties, governors should also grant the rights of the people, both
Muslims and non-Muslims.
In his first address after inauguration as khalifah, Ali ibn Abi
Talib emphasized, amongst other things, that Allah had made a
revelation to Al-Qur'an explaining the good and the bad, and he
invited people to enjoy the good and refrain from the bad. He also
explained that among the many types of protection assured by Allah,
protecting the Islarnic. ummah is the most important, and that it is
forbidden to hurt or harm a, fellow Muslim without legitimate reasons.
Meanwhile, in managing daily state affairs, the khalifah should
continue to preserve the tradition of consultation. In settling
community problems, including disputes and trial for violations of the
law, the khalifah as judge should always informally consult senior
companions, both collectively or individually. For example, during
Abu Baka's period, his closest companions were 'Umar, Uthman, 'Ali
and other senior companions. 'Uthman even acted as a secretary
Khallfah 'Umar continued with this practice. It was only during the
mid-term of the 'Uthman caliphate that this tradition lost its value,
because then he no longer consulted his senior friends, 'Ali for
example. On the other hand, he listened, to his family members (of
Bani Umayyah). During 'Ali's khalifakhthe system of consultation
almost stopped functioning due to, dissension among people and the
split into two camps: Ummayad and Hashimi.
A. Vocabulary
Assist : help
mistakes : wrong
Fulfill : to do the requirement
Violate : break the role
Predecessor : person who help a position before.
Rostrum : conducting
154
Forbidden : prohibited
Value : worth of something
Due to : because of
B. Exercise
1. What did Abu Bakr say in his first address after inauguration
as khalifah?
2. What did Abu Bakr ask the people?
3. Concerning the members of community, what did Abu Bakr
state?
4. What did Abu Bakr ask for the people if he neglected orders
obviously violating the teachings of Allah and the Prophet?
5. What did Abu Bakr do after being confirmed as khalifah?
6. According to ‘Umar what were the Arabs likened?
7. Who would correct ‘Umar using swords?
8. What was the ‘Umar response to the Muslims who would
correct him using a sword?
9. According to ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan, what should the governors
act?
10. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
C. Grammar Used
VERB + TO and VERB + VERB –ING
There are some verbs that are followed by to + verb and verb + ing
form
Verbs + to ……..
Want plan decide try

Hope expect forget offer + to………..
Need promise refuse learn
155
- What do you want to do this morning?
- You forgot to return the pen.
Verbs + -ing ……..
Enjoy stop
Mind finish suggest + -ing ………..
- I don’t mind getting up early

- I enjoy cooking.
Verbs + -ing or to……..
Like love start continue

Prefer hate or to
+ -ing ……….
begin + ing or to
- Do you like getting up early?

- Do you like to get up early?
- I hate being late.

- I hate to be late.
Exercise 1
Put the verb in the right form, to…… or –ing
Example : I like ……….. (read) books.

I like to read books.
1. I enjoy ………. (dance)

2. What do you want ………… (do) tonight?
3. Goodbye! I hope ………… (see) you again soon.
156
4. I learnt …………. (swim) when I was five years old.
5. Have you finished ……….. (clean) the room?
6. I’m tired. I want ………… (go) to bed.
7. Do you enjoy ………… (visit) other countries?
8. The weather was nice, so I suggested ………… (go) for a
walk by the river.
9. Where is Mona? She promised ………… (be) here on time.
10. Will you consider …………. (help) me with my work?
11. He insist on ………… (stay) home tonight.
12. Wahyu can’t help ……….. (ask) questions to the teacher.
13. They start ………… (learn) English immediately.
14. Where’s Ani? I need ……….. (ask) her something.
14. I’m trying ………… (work). Please stop …………. (talk).
Exercise 2
Complete the sentences using to…….or –ing. Use one of these verbs
Go help live lose rain read see send take wait

walk watch
Example : I like Bandung but I wouldn’t like ………there.

I like Bandung but I wouldn’t like to live there.
1. I like …………photographs when I’m on holiday.

2. Linda has a lot of books. She enjoys …………….
3. I’m surprised that you are here. I didn’t expect ……………..
you.
4. Don’t forget ……………… us a postcard when you are on
holiday.
5. Shall we get a taxi to the cinema? If you like, I don’t mind
……….
6. This ring is very beautiful. I’d hate………………..it.
7. Kartika had a lot to do, so I offered ………………her.
8. What shall we do this afternoon? Would you like ………. to
the beach.
157
9. When I’m tired in the evenings, I like
……………………television.
10. Shall we go now? Now, I’d prefer ………………a few
minutes.
11. I’m not going out until it stops ………………….
1. chosen : ………………………………
2. give little attention : ………………………….
3. wrong act : ………………………………
4. answered : ………………………………
5. declaration : ………………………………
6. avoid : ………………………………
7. quarrels : ………………………………
8. banned : ………………………………
9. essential : ………………………………
10. to keep : ………………………………
taken principle created period uncultivated

authority buildings
It is not fair that things …………by God for the benefit of mankind
should be …………possession of by anyone and kept in an idle and
unused state. One should either himself benefit from them or make
them available to others for use. On the basis of this …………Islam
holds that no one can keep his land in an …………….condition more
than three years. If he does not himself use it for cultivation or
construction of …………..or in any other manner, such land shall be
treated as ‘vacated’ after a ……….of 3 years, and anyone else who
brings it into use shall not be liable to be processed against in law nor
shall government have any …………..to hand it over to someone else
(including the previous owner)
158
REFERENCES
Rochani, Drs., Noor Hadi, Drs, M.Ag. 2000. English for Islamic
Studies. Muhammadiyah University Press.
Rochani, Drs. 1999. English for Islamic Studies 2. Muhammadiyah

University Press.
Hornby AS. 1974. Oxford Learner’s Dictionary of Current English.

Third Edition. Oxford University Press.
John M. Echol and Hasan Shadily. 1978. Kamus Inggris Indonesia.

PT Gramedia. Jakarta. Indonesia.
Krohn, Robert. 1986. English Sentence Structure. The University

Michigan Press.
Murphy, Raymond. 1997. Essential Grammar in Use. Cambridge

University Press.
159

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READINGS FOR ISLAMIC

Desain Cover dan Tata Letak

We praise to God that the writers are able to complete this

Surakarta, September 19, 2006

The Arab people were invited by Muhammad

1. The rules ……………………….. by the formers. (make)

Look at the text!

F. Fill in the blanks using the italicized words provided!

Wife revered Christianity show daughters

Fatima was one of the ………… of the Prophet Muhammad, the

He creates the world for us

1. Allah …………….. people who obey Him (love)

Simple Past Tense

God sent prophets

1. Prophet Muhammad ……………… us to better lives (guide)

E. Fill in the blanks using the italicized words provided!

Angelic perfection revelation the recipient the

According to Muslim ………, God sent Muhammad as a messenger

Young - younger - youngest

Expensive - more expensive - most expensive

Good - better - best

E. Fill in the blanks using the italicized words provided!

Recognized death medicine eighth

A muslim believes in Allah.

1. A good mother ………..her children to prepare their study.

Underline and Correct the verbs that are wrong!

E. Fill in the blanks using the italicized words provided!

Mosque venerated Kaaba courtyard

Kaaba (Arabic, “a square building), Islam’s most …………sanctuary

Subject Object Poss. Adj Poss. Pron

Fill in the blanks using appropriate pronouns!

E. Fill in the blanks using the italicized words provided!

Placed suppressed became reenter

Gaining support in Medina, Muhammad sought to ……….Mecca with

I’m pointing to THE STUDENT. THE STUDENT sees Mira.

I’m pointing to THE MAN. Mira sees THE MAN.

Ahmad bought THE MAN’s car.

I like THE CAT. Its color is black.

Symbolize prayer boys anywhere

The second duty for Muslims is to offer ………….to Allah, at

1. It’s a lovely park with a lot of beautiful tree.

Basis believe Jews

Put the Proper Preposition in the Following Sentences!

Complete the Following Passage Using the Appropriate

To list ideas in time order or order of importance

To add another idea

To add an opposite idea

To add a similar idea

to give an effect (result)

Let’s review how coordinators, sentence connectors, and

Coordinators (coordinating conjunctions) make compound sentences

I like to swim, but I don’t like to jog.

I dislike jogging; therefore, I never do it. Or

Other sentence connectors can only be used at the beginning of a

In conclusion, everyone should exercise regularly

I exercise everyday although I hate it

Choose the correct answer of the following question

Exercise 3 Text Discussion.

The study of religion

Adverb can be formed from adjectives by adding –ly

He is friendly that most of the students know him.

1. What is the …………. problem to discuss?