L8: SSB and VSB: Lower SSB Using A Hilbert Transformer (Proakis & Salehi.)

L8: SSB and VSB
Lower SSB using a Hilbert transformer (Proakis & Salehi.)
L8 1
SSB via Band-Pass Filters
(PS pp. 81-85; CC pp. 185-91)
Approach B.
Step 1: Generate DSB-SC signal
SDSBSC ( f )  Ac M ( f  f c )  Ac M ( f  f c )
(for consistency with Approach A, carrier amplitude = 2Ac )
Step 2: Pass through ideal BPF with passband [ f c , f c  BBPF ],

BBPF  W .
L8 2
SSB via BPF, cont.
Output is then desired SSB spectrum,
Both approaches A & B above are for upper single-side band

modulation.
Similar set-ups for lower single sideband modulation.
L8 3
SSB Demodulation
Assuming no channel distortion, also 2 possible ways to

demodulate:
Approach 1: As
~ (t)  m(t)  jm̂(t)  s (t) / A ,
m
l c
Message  in-phase component of SSB signal. So just use the

Hilbert transform set-up:
sc (t)  s(t) cos(2f ct)  ŝ(t)sin(2f ct)  Ac m(t).
L8 4
Demodulation Using LPF
Approach 2: Conceptually simpler.
Step 1: Mix SSB signal with local carrier:

v(t )  s (t ) cos(2f ct )  Ac m(t ) cos(2f ct )  mˆ (t ) sin(2f ct )  cos(2f ct ),
 0.5 Ac m(t )  0.5 Ac m(t ) cos(4f ct )  0.5 Ac mˆ (t ) sin(4f ct ).

SSB signal at 2 f c Hz
Step 2: Apply LPF with
W  BLPF  2 f c .
L8 5
Synchronisation
As with DSB-SC, SSB demodulation requires local oscillator with

exactly same frequency and phase as carrier.
Say phase is out by  rad. Then
v(t ) : s (t ) cos(2f c t   )  Ac m(t ) cos(2f c t )  mˆ (t ) sin( 2f c t )  cos(2f c t   ),

 0.5 Ac m(t )cos( )  cos(4f c t   )   0.5 Ac mˆ (t )sin( )  sin( 4f c t   ) ,
 0.5 Ac cos( )m(t )  sin( )mˆ (t )   0.5 Ac m(t ) cos(4f c t   )  mˆ (t ) sin( 4f c t   ) .

BP signal at 2 f c Hz
mrec (t)  0.5Ac cos( )m(t)  sin( )m̂(t) .
L8 6
Phase Distortion due to Phase Offset
In frequency domain,
M rec ( f )  0.5Ac cos( )M ( f )  0.5Acsin( )j sgn( f )M ( f ),

e- j M ( f ) if f  0,
 0.5Ac   j
 e M ( f ) if f  0.
I.e., no magnitude distortion due to phase offset, only phase

distortion:
Moderate  tolerable for telephony, but not music or video.
L8 7
Low Frequency Distortion
SSB uses half the channel BW as DSB-SC. However, like AM it

is unsuitable for messages with low freq. content.
Reason: difficult to design sharp transitions in Hilbert transformer

phase response and BPF magnitude response.
This transition band occurs at low message freq.s
 Low freq. distortion.
L8 8
Low Frequency Distortion
Unlike voice, base-band TV & video signal - i.e. current that flows
through photosensitive surface in camera – has significant low
frequency components.
(Low freq.  features in scene that do not change much with

time, such as ambient light level, still shots etc.)
SSB unsuitable, since difficult to design filters with sharp enough

transitions to avoid low freq. distortion.
DSB-SC – no such issues, but uses 2x bandwidth as SSB. As

BW of TV signal is  6 MHz, huge waste!
L8 9
Vestigial Side‐Band (VSB) Modulation
(PS pp. 85-88; CCR pp. 191-193)
Compromise between SSB & DSB-SC.
Want to reduce BW of transmitted signal but cannot design filter

to perfectly suppress lower (upper) SB’s & pass upper (lower)
SB’s.
On the other hand, do not want to just pass both SB’s, as in DSB-
SC.
So, partially pass upper (lower) SB’s and suppress most of lower
(upper) SB’s, except for a vestige.
L8 10
VSB Filter Symmetry
• Design VSBF so that for any | w | W
H VSB ( f c  w)  H VSB ( f c  w)  2.
• i. e. within [ f c  W , f c  W ] , VSBF has odd symmetry about f c Hz. Outside
transition band [ f c   , f c   ],
( 2 if f c    f  f c  W ,
H VSB f )  
 0 if 0  f  f c   .
(assumes upper sideband )
L8 11
VSBF for Lower Sideband (Proakis & Salehi)
L8 12
Reason for Symmetry
Basic idea: want to demodulate VSB signal in same way as DSB-

SC & SSB. I.e. mix with local osc. & then apply LPF.
Want resulting baseband spectrum  M ( f ).

S dem ( f )  S VSB ( f  f c )  S VSB ( f  f c )H LPF ( f ),
 [H VSB ( f  f c )S DSB ( f  f c )  H VSB ( f  f c )S DSB ( f  f c )]H LPF ( f ),
 H VSB ( f  f c )M ( f )  M ( f  2 f c )H LPF ( f )
 H VSB ( f  f c )M ( f )  M ( f  2 f c )H LPF ( f ),
 H VSB ( f  f c )M ( f )  H VSB ( f  f c )M ( f ),
 H VSB ( f  f c )  H VSB ( f  f c )M ( f )  2M ( f ).
L8 13
Envelope Detection of VSB or SSB
But VSB used in TV broadcast  Need cheap receivers.
 Often combined with AM: VSB + C

Quad. comp.

 
s (t )  Ac 1  m(t )  cos(2f c t )  Ac  (t ) sin( 2f c t ).
 Envelope  Ac 1  0.5m(t ) 2   (t ) 2 .

If  small or |  (t) || m(t) |,
Envelope  1   m(t),
so we can use envelope detection.
L8 14
Transition BW Selection
VSB is a compromise between SSB & DSB-SC.
When transition bandwidth 2   0, VSB resembles ideal SSB

filter  VSB signal  SSB signal and
 (t)  SSB quad. comp.  m̂(t).
When   W , VSB filter looks like ideal BPF centred at carrier

freq  VSB signal  DSB-SC signal with 2 SB’s &
 (t)  DSB - SC quad. comp.  0.
 For envelope detection,  should not be too small.
L8 15

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L8: SSB and VSB

Lower SSB using a Hilbert transformer (Proakis & Salehi.)

Step 1: Generate DSB-SC signal

(for consistency with Approach A, carrier amplitude = 2Ac )

Step 2: Pass through ideal BPF with passband [ f c , f c  BBPF ],

Output is then desired SSB spectrum,

Both approaches A & B above are for upper single-side band

Similar set-ups for lower single sideband modulation.

Assuming no channel distortion, also 2 possible ways to

Message  in-phase component of SSB signal. So just use the

sc (t)  s(t) cos(2f ct)  ŝ(t)sin(2f ct)  Ac m(t).

Step 1: Mix SSB signal with local carrier:

Step 2: Apply LPF with

As with DSB-SC, SSB demodulation requires local oscillator with

Say phase is out by  rad. Then

v(t ) : s (t ) cos(2f c t   )  Ac m(t ) cos(2f c t )  mˆ (t ) sin( 2f c t )  cos(2f c t   ),

mrec (t)  0.5Ac cos( )m(t)  sin( )m̂(t) .

M rec ( f )  0.5Ac cos( )M ( f )  0.5Acsin( )j sgn( f )M ( f ),

I.e., no magnitude distortion due to phase offset, only phase

Moderate  tolerable for telephony, but not music or video.

SSB uses half the channel BW as DSB-SC. However, like AM it

Reason: difficult to design sharp transitions in Hilbert transformer

This transition band occurs at low message freq.s

 Low freq. distortion.

(Low freq.  features in scene that do not change much with

SSB unsuitable, since difficult to design filters with sharp enough

DSB-SC – no such issues, but uses 2x bandwidth as SSB. As

Compromise between SSB & DSB-SC.

Want to reduce BW of transmitted signal but cannot design filter

Basic idea: want to demodulate VSB signal in same way as DSB-

Want resulting baseband spectrum  M ( f ).

 Often combined with AM: VSB + C

 Envelope  Ac 1  0.5m(t ) 2   (t ) 2 .

so we can use envelope detection.

VSB is a compromise between SSB & DSB-SC.

When transition bandwidth 2   0, VSB resembles ideal SSB

When   W , VSB filter looks like ideal BPF centred at carrier

 For envelope detection,  should not be too small.

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