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Experiment 3 Lab Report

This experiment involved using calorimetry to determine the heat of dissolution of NaOH in water, the enthalpy change of the reaction between HCl and NaOH, and the specific heat of an unknown metal alloy. Data tables showed the initial and final temperatures and masses used in the calculations. The specific heat of the unknown metal was found to be 0.37785 J/g°C. The enthalpy changes for the dissolution of NaOH and the HCl-NaOH reaction were determined to be -39.2586 kJ/mol and -78.7 kJ/mol, respectively, with percent errors of 0.53% and 10.1%. The percent error for determining the specific heat

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478 views

Experiment 3 Lab Report

This experiment involved using calorimetry to determine the heat of dissolution of NaOH in water, the enthalpy change of the reaction between HCl and NaOH, and the specific heat of an unknown metal alloy. Data tables showed the initial and final temperatures and masses used in the calculations. The specific heat of the unknown metal was found to be 0.37785 J/g°C. The enthalpy changes for the dissolution of NaOH and the HCl-NaOH reaction were determined to be -39.2586 kJ/mol and -78.7 kJ/mol, respectively, with percent errors of 0.53% and 10.1%. The percent error for determining the specific heat

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Experiment #3

Calorimetry

Marissa Findish
SCH 113 02 2/14/18
I. TITLE
4

Experiment #3 Calorimetry

II. OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this experiment is to successfully determine the heat dissolution
of NaOH reaction between HCl and NaOH as well as identifying an unknown
metal by its specific heat to practice thermodynamics principles and calorimetry
calculations.

III. DATA
Table 1. Data Table for Heat Dissolution of NaOH
Mass of NaOH (g) 6.0g

Mass of Calorimeter (g) 10.1949g

Mass of Calorimeter and H2O (g) 59.9316g

Mass of H2O (g) 49.7367g

Initial Temperature of H2O (Ti ℃) 20.8℃

Final Temperature of H2O (Tf ℃) 49.1℃

Table 2. Data for Heats of Acid-Base Reaction


Mass of Calorimeter (g) 10.3751g

Mass of Calorimeter and Solutions (g) 74.0842g

Combined Mass of Solutions (g) 63.6431g

Initial Temperature of Acid (Ti ℃) 21.9℃

Final Temperature of Reaction (Tf ℃) 48.5℃

Table 3. Data of the Determination of Specific of the Specific Heat of an Unknown Metal Alloy
Unknown Metal Alloy # #5
4

Mass of Metal Alloy (g) 13.2428g

Mass of Calorimeter(g) 9.9972g

Mass of Calorimeter and H2O (g) 40.2544g

Mass of H2O (g) 30.2572g

Initial Temperature (Ti ℃) of Metal Alloy 100.0℃

Final Temperature (Tf ℃) 24.1℃

Initial Temperature of H2O (Ti ℃) 21.1℃

IV. CALCULATIONS
Finding the Specific Heat of the Unknown Metal Alloy
qmetal = -qwater qmetal = Smetalx MmetalxΔT -qwater= (4.184 J/g℃)x MmetalxΔT
Smetalx 13.2428g x (24.1℃ - 100.0℃) = - (4.184 J/g℃) x 30.52572g x (24.1℃ - 21.1℃)
Smetal= +0.37785 J/g℃

Finding the Enthalpy Change in Reaction (ΔHRXN) of the Dissolution of NaOH


qrxn = -qwater qrxn= Smetalx MmetalxΔT qrxn= (4.184 J/g℃)x MmetalxΔT
q rxn mass NaOH
ΔHRXN= η= NaOH(s)⟶ Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
η MM of NaOH
ΔHRXN= ΔH°f Na+ + ΔH°f OH- - ΔH°f NaOH
qrxn = (4.184 J/g℃) x 49.57367g x (49.1℃ - 20.8℃) qrxn = 5889.18 J
6.0 g
η= η= 0.15001 mol
39.997 Mm
−5889.18 J
-ΔH= ΔH= -39.2586 kJ/mol
0.15001mol
ΔHRXN= (-239.66 kJ/mol) + (-229.94 kJ/mol) - (-425.93 kJ/mol) ΔHRXN= 43.67 kJ/mol

Finding the Enthalpy Change in Reaction (ΔHRXN) of HCl-NaOH Reaction


q rxn
ΔHRXN= η= Molarity x Volume in L qrxn= Smetalx MmetalxΔT
η
qrxn = (4.184 J/g℃) x 63.6431g x (48.5℃ - 21.9℃) qrxn = 7083.12 J
η= (3.0M) x (.03L) η=0.09 mol Exothermic
7083.12 J
-ΔH= ΔH= -78.7 kJ/mol
0.09 mol

ΔHRXN= ΔH°f Na+ + ΔH°f H2O- - (ΔH°f NaOH + ΔH°f NaCl)


ΔHRXN= -407.27 kJ/mol + (-285.8 kJ/mol) - [(-469.6 kJ/mol) + (-167.2 kJ/mol)] ΔHRXN=
-56.27 J
4

Finding the Percent Error of Part of Experiment


¿
% Error= ¿ theoretical−actual∨ theoretical ¿ x100
Part 1:
¿
% Error= ¿ 0.3788−0.38∨ 0.38 ¿x100 % Error= 0.53%
Part 2:
¿
% Error= ¿(−39.26)−(−43.67)∨ −43.67 ¿x100 % Error= 10.10%
Part 3:
¿
% Error= ¿(−78.7)+(56.27)∨ 56.27 ¿ x100 % Error= 39.86%

V. DISCUSSION
Overall this experiment can be rated as fairly successful with an overall low percent error in
regards to part one and two of the experiment. I enjoyed the concept of Calorimetry because a
topic along these lines was never covered in Quantitative Analysis Lab I and allowed me to
explore the different effects of energy absorption or release within a reaction when it’s heated. I
also enjoyed discovering the specific heat of an unknown metal alloy, rather than the specific
heat being stated because it allows me to apply Calorimetry to a more realistic “life” task.
Although finding the specific heat of a metal alloy was the most enjoyable part of the
experiment, error could have been performed on my own part or my partners within this part of
the lab experiment. When taking the final temperature of the water containing the hot metal
alloy, a possibility of error could have occurred resulting in our higher received percent error of
39.86%. If the heating process measured with a thermometer is not done properly by letting the
water be completely heated by the metal alloy, as the thermometer reaches a solid temperature,
our results could be deterred if we had not waited the necessary amount. By increasing my
abilities as a Chemistry student and practicing the essential core qualities of correct quantitative
analysis and patience, I can furthermore prevent any future disfigurement of my data.

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