Hwre 2021 PDF

Measurement of precipitation means determination of________.
* 2/2
Amount of precipitation
Frequency of precipitation
Type of precipitation
Interval of precipitation
Non recording rain gauge gives: * 2/2
Frequency of precipitation
Intensity of precipitation
Amount of precipitation
Duration of precipitation
The most suitable chemical which can be applied to the water surface for 2/2
reducing evaporation is________. *
Cetyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol
Butyl alcohol
The diameter of stilling well in evaporation pan is: * 2/2
125 mm
210 mm
102 mm
190 mm
In India, which of the following is adopted as standard recording rain- 2/2

gauge? *
Natural syphon type
Weighing bucket type
Symon’s rain-gauge
Tipping bucket type
Colorado Sunken evaporation pan is: * 2/2
460 mm square
1205 mm square
900 mm square
920 mm square
A rainfall with intensity less than 5 mm/hr is classified as _______. * 2/2
Heavy Rainfall
Moderate Rainfall
Precipitation
Light Rainfall
A plot between rainfall intensity V/S time is called as ________. * 2/2
Hydrograph
Mass curve
Flow curve
Hyetograph
A Lysimeter is used to measure________. * 2/2
Evaporation
Infiltration
Evapotranspiration
Field capacity
Current meter is used to measure ________. * 2/2
Velocity
Wind velocity
Stream flow
Discharge
In Horton’s equation fo is ________. * 2/2
The final infiltration rate
The initial infiltration capacity
Constant Infiltration rate
Basic Infiltration rate
The diameter of ISI evaporation pan is: * 2/2
1220 mm
1320 mm
1225 mm
1210 mm
The theory of infiltration capacity was given by ________. * 0/2
Merrill Bernard
Le-Roy K. Shermen
W.W. Horner
Robert E. Horten.
Correct answer
Robert E. Horten.
The coefficient of variation Cv is calculated as: * 2/2
Cv=(100 ×σ)/P ̅^2
Cv=(100 ×σ)/P ̅
Cv=(100 ×σ)/p
Cv=(100 ×σ)/(P^2 ) ̅
The checking for inconsistency of a record is done by ________. * 2/2
Mass curve method
Double-mass curve technique
Normal ratio method
Hyetograph Technique
In which of the following method rain gauges stations only inside the 2/2
catchment are considered: *
Arithmetical-mean method
Thiessen-polygon method
Isohyetal method
Raingauge density
Following is the Dalton’s law: * 0/2
𝑬𝑳 = C(𝒆w −𝒆a)
𝑬𝑳 = C(𝒆𝒂 −𝒆𝒘)
𝑬𝑳 = C(𝒆w + 𝒆a)
𝑬𝑳 = C(𝒆𝒂 +𝒆𝒘)
Correct answer
𝑬𝑳 = C(𝒆w −𝒆a)
The diameter of class A evaporation pan is: * 2/2
1220 mm
1200 mm
1320 mm
1210 mm
The ISI evaporation pan is made up of copper sheet of : * 2/2
6 mm thick
3 mm thick
9 mm thick
0.9mm thick
The maximum rate at which a given soil can absorb water under given set 2/2
of conditions is_________. *
Infiltration rate
Maximum infiltration rate
Basic infiltration rate
Infiltration capacity
The average infiltration rate is called as ________. * 0/2
Phi-Index
Infiltration index
W-Index
All of the above
Correct answer
All of the above

Phi-Index is given as: * 2/2
Phi-Index = (P-R)/t_e
Phi-Index = (P+R)/t_e
Phi-Index = (P+R-Ia)/t_e
Phi-Index = (P-R+Ia)/t_e
The height of water in the stream channel, known as ________. * 2/2
Staff height
Water height
Water elevation
Gauge height
Generally mean velocity of flow at a section is obtained by keeping the 0/2

meter at _______. *
0.6D
0.5D
0.2D
0.8D
Correct answer
0.6D
Velocity using current meter is given by the formula: * 2/2
V = a + b -N
V = a - bN
V = a + bN
V=a+b+N
In dilution method QT is : * 0/2
Constant injection rate of tracer
Constant Tracer concentration
Discharge in the stream
Tracer concentration
Correct answer
Constant injection rate of tracer

Slope area method is used to estimate peak flood discharge by flood 0/2
marks : *
Flood marks
Mannings formula
None of above
Discharge formula
Correct answer
Flood marks
Price current meter is a __________type of meter. * 0/2
Pressure
convex
Differential
Concave
Correct answer
Differential
Mean velocity of flow at a particular section, may be observed at depth 0/2
of __________ from water surface. *
0.8 and 0.6
0.2 and 0.8
0.5 and 0.8
0.2 and 0.6
Correct answer
0.2 and 0.8
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Forms
Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Center, Nashik
Department of Civil Engineering
HWRE- Unit-1 Objective Questions
1. The most suitable chemical which can be applied to the water surface for reducing
evaporation is
(A) Methyl alcohol

(B) Ethyl alcohol
(C) Cetyl alcohol
(D) Butyl alcohol
2. In India, which of the following is adopted as standard recording rain-gauge?
(A) Symon’s rain-gauge

(B) Tipping bucket type
(C) Natural siphon type
(D) Weighing bucket type
3. The flow-mass curve is graphical representation of
(A) Cumulative discharge and time

(B) Discharge and percentage probability of flow being equaled or exceeded
(C) Cumulative discharge, volume and time in chronological order
(D) Discharge and time in chronological order
4. Isohyets are the imaginary lines joining the points of equal
(A) Pressure
(B) Height
(C) Humidity
(D) Rainfall
5. A hyetograph is a graphical representation of
(A) Rainfall intensity and time

(B) Rainfall depth and time
(C) Discharge and time
(D) Cumulative rainfall and time
6. If the dew point is greater than 0°C
(A) Dew will be formed

(B) Frost will be formed
(C) Vapours will be formed
(D) None of these
7. The specifications of most commonly used standard gauges in India, are
(A) 200 sq. cm collector and 4 litres bottle

(B) 100 sq. cm collector and 2 litres bottle
(C) 200 sq. cm collector and 10 litres bottle
(D) 100 sq. cm collector and 4 litres bottle
8. Non-recording rain gauges
(A) Collect the rain whose volume is measured by means of graduated cylinders
(B) Collect the rain which is directly measured by means of graduated cylinders in
centimetres of water depth
(C) Are generally used in hilly terrain
(D) Are cylindrical in shape
9. Phytometer method is generally used for the measurement of
(A) Interception
(B) Evaporation
(C) Transpiration
(D) None of these
10. Knowledge of hydrology is necessary for civil engineers for
(A) Designing and construction of irrigation structures

(B) Designing and construction of bridges and culverts
(C) Flood control works
(D) All the above
11. Interception losses are due to

(i) Evaporation
(ii) Transpiration
(iii) Stream flow
The correct answer is
(A) Only (i)
(B) (i) and (ii)
(C) (ii) and (iii)
(D) (i), (ii) and (iii)
12. Infiltration capacity of soil depends upon
(A) Number of voids present in the soil

(B) Shape and size of soil particles
(C) Arrangement of soil particles
(D) All the above
13. In India the recording type rain gauge generally used, is
(A) Weighing type

(B) Tipping type
(C) Float recording type
(D) None of these
14. Indian Meteorological department uses the standard gauges whose collectors have
apertures of
(A) 50 or 100 sq. cm area

(B) 100 or 150 sq. cm area
(C) 100 or 200 sq. cm area
(D) 250 or 500 sq. cm area
15. The rainfall at any place is described by
(A) Its intensity
(B) Its duration
(C) Its frequency
(D) All the above
16. Precipitation caused due to striking of air masses with a topographical feature, is
called
(A) Orographic precipitation

(B) Convective precipitation
(C) Cyclonic precipitation
(D) None of these
17. Precipitation caused by lifting of an air mass due to the pressure difference, is called
(A) Cyclonic precipitation

(C) Orographic precipitation
(D) None of these
18. In nature water may occur as
(A) Liquid
(B) Solid
(C) Vapours
(D) All the above
19. Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) Central portion of a cyclone acts as a chimney through which air gets lifted
(B) Cyclonic precipitation caused by a warm front is generally continuous
(C) Greatest amount of orographic precipitation falls in the windward side of the barrier
(D) All the above
20. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following:
(A) At two meteorologically homogeneous stations, the average annual precipitation is same
(B) If the average annual precipitation at two places is same these are meteorologically
homogeneous stations
(C) Neither (a) nor (b)
(D) Both (a) and (b)
21. Evaporation losses depend upon
(A) Area of the water surface and depth of the water

(B) Nature of precipitation and type of vegetation
(C) Humidity and wind velocity
(D) All the above
(A) Run off and surface run off are the same
(B) Run off includes the water flowing over the surface
(C) Run off is sometimes called discharge of the river
(D) Surface run off is sometimes called stream flow
23. Precipitation caused due to upward movement of warmer air as compared to

surrounding air, is called
(A) Cyclonic precipitation

(C) Orographic precipitation
(D) None of these
24. The theory of infiltration capacity was given by
(A) Merrill Bernard

(B) W.W. Horner
(C) Le-Roy K. Shermen
(D) Robert E. Horten
25. Absolute humidity in air
(A) Decreases at higher altitudes

(B) Increases at higher altitudes
(C) Remains constant at all altitudes
(D) None of these
26. Variability of rainfall is

(i) Largest in regions of high rainfall
(ii) Largest in coastal areas
(iii) Largest in regions of scanty rainfall
(A) Only (i)
(B) (i) and (ii)
(C) Only (iii)
(D) (ii) and (iii)
27. The polythene bottles are used for collecting rain water and. their capacities is
(A) 2 litres
(B) 4 litres
(C) 10 litres
(D) All the above
28. The best instrument for measuring the velocity of a stream flow is
(A) Pitot tube

(B) Price's current meter
(C) Surface float
(D) Sub-surface float
29. Runoff is measured in
(A) Cubic metres

(B) Cubic metres per sec.
(C) Cubic metres per minute
(D) Cubic metres per hour
30. Hydrology helps in
(A) Predicting maximum flows

(B) Deciding the minimum reservoir capacity
(C) Forecasting the availability of quantity of water at reservoir site
(D) All the above
31. In India, rain fall is generally recorded at
(A) 8 A.M.
(B) 12 Noon
(C) 4 P.M.
(D) 8 P.M.
32. The rate of evaporation from reservoirs may be determined by
(A) Pan-measurement method

(B) Empirical formulae
(C) Storage equation method
(D) All the above
33. The standard height of a standard rain gauge, is
(A) 10 cm
(B) 20 cm
(C) 30 cm
(D) 50 cm
34. The runoff is affected by
(A) Type of precipitation

(B) Rain intensity and duration of rainfall
(C) Rain distribution and soil moisture deficiency
(D) All the above
35. Hydrology is the science which deals with
(A) Rain water

(B) River water
(C) Sea water
(D) Surface and underground water
36. Symon's rain gauge is
(A) Tipping-bucket gauge

(B) Weighing type gauge
(C) Float recording gauge
(D) Non-recording gauge
37. A recording type rain gauge
(A) Produces a mass curve of rain fall

(B) Records the cumulative rain
(C) Is sometimes called integrating rain gauge or continuous rain gauge
(D) All the above
38. The infiltration capacity during rain storm, is considerably reduced due to
(A) Surface detention

(B) Soil moisture
(C) Compaction due to rain
(D) All the above
39. While calculating the average depth of annual precipitation in a catchment basin,
importance to individual rain-gauge station is given in
(A) Arithmetical method
(B) Thiessen's mean method
(C) Isohyetal method
(D) Both (b) and (c)
40. Out of total number of rain gauges in catchment area_____% rain gauges should
be recording type
(A) 5
(B) 15
(C) 10
(D) 20
1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.B

9.C 10.D 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.A
17.A 18.D 19.D 20.B 21.D 22.C 23.B 24.D
25.A 26.C 27.D 28.B 29.B 30.D 31.A 32.D
33.C 34.D 35.D 36.D 37.D 38.D 39.D 40. C
Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Center, Nasik
Class: TE, Subject: HWRE
Unit -2 (MCQ)
1. What type of irrigation method is also called as trickle irrigation?

a) Sprinkler Irrigation Method
b) Furrow Irrigation Method
c) Drip Irrigation Method
d) Check Flooding
Answer: c
2. Drip irrigation method is a type of lift irrigation system.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
3. What is the quality of a good irrigation method from the following?

a) Soil Erosion
b) Drainage Troubles
c) Leached Fertilizers
d) Increased Yield
Answer: d
4. In which type of irrigation method wasteful use of water happens?

a) Wild Flooding
b) Check Flooding
c) Furrow Method
d) Free Flooding
Answer: a
5. Which type of irrigation method can be used for both flat lands and relatively steep
lands?
a) Free Flooding
b) Basin Flooding
c) Furrow Method
d) Drip Irrigation Method
Answer: a
6. Which type of irrigation method uses supply ditch, borders, ridges?

a) Border Flooding
b) Check Flooding
c) Basin Flooding
d) Drip Irrigation Method
Answer: a
7. What type of irrigation does this diagram represent?
a) Border Flooding
b) Basin Flooding
c) Drip Irrigation Method
d) Check Flooding
Answer: b
8. What kind of irrigation method uses artificial rain to irrigate the land?
a) Sprinkler Irrigation Method
b) Drip Irrigation Method
c) Furrow Method
d) Border Irrigation Method
Answer: a
9. What type of irrigation method is considered as the most advantageous method?

a) Drip Irrigation Method
b) Sprinkler Irrigation Method
c) Furrow Irrigation Method
d) Border flooding
Answer: b
10. With what type of mounting does a sprinkler irrigation network give the best
results?
a) Revolving Sprinkler Heads
b) Nozzles
c) Open Pipes
d) Pipes with holes near the crop
Answer: a
11. What type of irrigation method does this diagram represent?
a) Contour Farming
b) Furrow Method
c) Border Flooding
d) Free Flooding
Answer: a
12. In which type of irrigation method, the entire land is not wetted?
a) Furrow Method
b) Free Flooding
c) Contour Farming
d) Basin Flooding
Answer: a
13. In which irrigation method levees are provided along the contours?
a) Check Flooding
b) Free Flooding
c) Contour Farming
d) Basin Flooding
Answer: a
14. In which method of flooding, does the water take circuitous route to irrigate the
land?
a) Check Flooding
b) Zigzag Flooding
c) Free Flooding
d) Basin Flooding
Answer: b
15. What is the time interval between the sowing and harvesting of crops?
a) Base period
b) Kor period
c) Crop period
d) Season period
Answer: c
16. What is the first step in soil preparation before sowing of seeds?
a) Levelling
b) Ploughing
c) Manuring
d) Pre-watering
Answer: b
17. The first watering before sowing the crop is ________

a) paleo
b) kor
c) delta
d) flooding
Answer: a
18. What is called as the percentage of C.C.A irrigated at a time in one crop season?
a) Gross Command Area
b) Culturable cultivated area
c) Culturable uncultivated area
d) Intensity of irrigation
Answer: d
19. The useful soil moisture for plant growth is ______

a) capillary water
b) gravitational water
c) hydroscopic water
d) permanent wilting point
Answer: a
20. What is the time interval between two consecutive watering called?
a) Crop Period
b) Period
c) Base Period
d) Rotation Period
Answer: d
21. What is total depth of water, for complete growth of crop called?
a) Triangle
b) Delta
c) Duty of Water
d) Rotation Period
Answer: b
22. What is the name of duty called as in direct irrigation?

a) Flow Duty
b) Quantity Duty
c) Duty
d) Delta
Answer: a
23. Which type of area is large in quantity compared to others?

a) Gross Commanded Area (G.C.A)
b) Culturable Commanded Area (C.C.A)
c) Culturable Cultivated Area
d) Culturable Uncultivated Area
Answer: a
24. How can we improve the duty of water?

a) Lining of Canals
b) Construction of Weir
c) Construction of Dam
d) Check Dams
Answer: a
25. Which factor directly affects the duty of water?

a) Type of Crop
b) Useful Rainfall
c) Type of Soil
d) Canals
Answer: b
26. At which point in the entire canal system the duty of water will be more?
a) Head of the Water-course
b) Head of the Minor
c) Head of the Distributary
d) Head of the Branch
Answer: a
27. Which one below is an example of the overlapping crop?

a) Tobacco
b) Wheat
c) Millets
d) Sugarcane
Answer: d
28. Heavy retentive soil is favorable for which type of crop?
a) Sugarcane and Rice
b) Maize
c) Gram and fodder crops
d) Cotton
Answer: a
29. Which one the following combination is incorrect?

a) Kharif crops – Rice, maize
b) Rabi crops – Wheat, mustard
c) Zaid crops – cotton, sugarcane
d) Cash crops – jute, tobacco
Answer: c
30. In crop-rotation, a cash crop may be followed by a fodder crop, which is then
followed by soil renovating crop like ________
a) Rice
b) Maize
c) Oats
d) Grams and pulses
Answer: d
31. The optimum utilisation of irrigation water means _________

a) Getting maximum yield with the maximum amount of water available
b) Getting maximum yield with any amount of water
c) Getting less yield with maximum water content
d) Getting less yield with the least water content
Answer: b
32. Which efficiency is also called on-farm efficiency?

a) Water conveyance efficiency
b) Water application efficiency
c) Water storage efficiency
d) Water use efficiency
Answer: b
33. What is water conveyance efficiency?

a) The ratio of the quantity of water delivered to the field and quantity of water pumped
into the canal
b) The ratio of water stored in the root zone and the water delivered to the field
c) The ratio of water used beneficially and the water delivered to the field
d) The ratio of water stored in the root zone and the water needed before irrigation
Answer: a
34. Which of the following statement is wrong about consumptive use efficiency?
a) It is the ratio of normal consumptive use of water to the net amount of water depleted
from the root zone
b) It accounts for the loss of water by deep percolation
c) Evaporation losses are considered
d) The losses due to percolation and evaporation are not considered
Answer: d
35. The quantity of water that is pumped into a farm distribution system is 2 cumec. 1.6
cumec is delivered to a turn-out, 1km from the well. Compute the conveyance
efficiency.
a) 80%
b) 20%
c) 50%
d) 60%
Answer: a
36. Determine the distribution efficiency, if the depths of water in the field are 1.1 cm
and 1.8 cm.
a) 80%
b) 90%
c) 85%
d) 75%
Answer: d
37. What is the process of a plant called, through which it leaves water?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Transpiration
c) Evapotranspiration
d) Chlorosis
Answer: b
38. Transpiration process is an integral part of the main process called photosynthesis.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
39. On which factor does the transpiration loss also depends on?
a) Available Moisture
b) Type of Soil
c) Type of Irrigation
d) Method of Irrigation
Answer: a
40. Which type of soil has less ratio of AET/PET than the other?
a) Clayey Soil
b) Sandy Soil
c) Alluvial Soil
d) Black Soil
Answer: b
41. Which of the following statement is not correct about Effective rainfall?
a) It doesn’t take into consideration precipitation lost through deep percolation
b) It satisfies evapotranspiration needs of the crop
c) It includes surface runoff loss
d) It doesn’t include surface runoff water loss
Answer: c
42. What is the field irrigation requirement (FIR)?

a) The water required to meet the evaporation needs of a crop
b) Amount of water required to delivered at the field to meet evapotranspiration and
leaching needs
c) Amount of water required to meet the net irrigation requirements plus water lost due to
surface runoff and percolation
d) Amount of water required to meet the field irrigation requirements plus water lost in
conveyance through the canal system
Answer: c
43. What is the correct representation for the calculation of NIR?

a) Cu – Re
b) CIR + leaching losses
c) FIR + conveyance losses
d) FIR + leaching losses + conveyance losses
Answer: b
44. What is the correct formula for Gross irrigation requirement?

a) Cu – Re
b) CIR + leaching losses
c) NIR/Na
d) FIR/Nc
Answer: d
45. Which of the following factor have no influence on evaporation loss?

a) The temperature of the region
b) Prevailing wind velocity in the region
c) Area of water surface exposed to the atmosphere
d) The porosity of the soil
Answer: d
46. In crop rate revenue system field assessment is done by?

a) Canal Officer
b) IAS Officer
c) Tahsildar
d) Patwari
Answer: d
47. In which method of pricing measuring devices are installed?

a) Direct Revenue Collection
b) Crop Rate System
c) Volumetric Method of Pricing
d) Crop Rate Revenue System
Answer: c
48. Which type of system can be easily used in tube well irrigation?
a) Direct Revenue Collection
b) Crop Rate Revenue System
c) Volumetric Method of Pricing
d) Crop Rate System
Answer: c
49. What does the crop rate system may lead to?
a) Overutilization Water
b) Careful use of Water
c) Sufficient use of Water
d) Insufficient use of Water
Answer: a
50. Crop rate system of pricing does not help the cultivators for economizing the use of
water.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Sanjivani College of Engineering,
Kopargaon
Total points 29/30
Class Test on UNIT-II
Email address *
kishorbhate2412@gmail.com
Your Name *
Bhate Kishor Dattu
Roll No *
25
Irrigation may be defined as the process of artificially supplying water 1/1

to_______. *
the soil
the crops
only (a)
both a and b
Basin flooding method is suitable for ________ * 1/1
Guava
Rice
Sugarcane
Wheat
Surface method of irrigation includes: __________ * 1/1
Furrow method
Flooding method
Contour farming method
All above
The field water efficiency of trickle irrigation is: * 1/1
50-55%
55-85%
80-90%
60-70%
In which method water is allowed to soak into the soil * 1/1
Furrow method
Subsurface method
Contour farming method
Trickle method
___________ is the time interval between the sowing and harvesting of 1/1
crops. *
Base period
Kor period
Crop period
Season period
Crop period is approximately assumed to be the same as that of the 1/1

base period. *
True
False
What is the first step in soil preparation before sowing of seeds? * 1/1
Levelling
Ploughing
Manuring
Pre-watering
Kor period is less for humid climates and more for dry climates. * 1/1
True
False
The first watering before sowing the crop is ______ * 1/1
paleo
kor
delta
flooding
In the relationship of duty-delta, the term ‘B’ is in terms of _____ * 1/1
Days
Meter
Cumec
Hectare
The field water efficiency is determined by: * 1/1
(Water transpired by crop – water applied to a field)x 100%
(Water absorbed by crop ÷ water applied to a field) x 100%
(Water absorbed by crop – water applied to a field) x 100%
(Water transpired by crop ÷ water applied to a field) x 100%
What is called as the percentage of C.C.A irrigated at a time in one crop 1/1
season? *
Gross Command Area
Culturable cultivated area
Culturable uncultivated area
Intensity of irrigation
_______________ is not capable of movement by the action of gravity or 1/1
capillary forces. *
Hygroscopic water
Capillary water
Gravity water
Zero water
For satisfactory growth the moisture content should be between field 1/1
capacity and _______ *
wilting point
optimum moisture content
available water
gravity water
Superfluous water is also called _______ * 1/1
capillary water
gravitational water
hydroscopic water
saturation capacity
Among the following, which crop has the highest value of delta? * 1/1
wheat
vegetables
rice
cotton
What is the time interval between two consecutive watering called? * 1/1
Crop Period
Period
Base Period
Rotation Period
What is total depth of water, for complete growth of crop called? * 1/1
Kor depth
Delta
Duty of Water
Rotation Period
This method of irrigation is not used for ripening crops. * 1/1
Trickle
Sprinkler
furrow
border
Duty of water helps in the work out of discharge required for designing 1/1
the channel. *
True
False
Following is the relationship between duty and delta - * 1/1
Δ = 8.64 B / D cm
Δ = 864 B / D meter
Δ = 8.64 B / D meter
Δ = 8.64 D / B meterOption 4
Which type of period is slightly more than its counterpart period? * 1/1
Crop Period
Harvesting Period
Base Period
Rotation Period
Which type of units is used to define high and low duty? * 1/1
Hectares/cumec
Hectare-meters
Cumecs-day
Cusecs-day
One cumec-day is equals to: * 1/1
864 hectare-meters
8.64 hectare-meters
6.84 hectare-meters
None of above
Which type of area is large in quantity compared to others? * 1/1
Gross Commanded Area
Culturable Commanded Area
Culturable Cultivated Area
Culturable Uncultivated Area
In what type of area crop is not sown for a particular season? * 1/1
Gross Commanded Area
Culturable Commanded Area
Culturable Cultivated Area
Culturable Uncultivated Area
Given that a particular crop requires about 20 cm depth of water at an 1/1

interval of 40 days, and the base period is 400 days. Find the delta for
the crop? *
150 cm
180 cm
200 cm
195 cm
How can we improve the duty of water? * 0/1
Lining of Canals
Construction of Weir
Construction of Dam
Check Dams
Correct answer
Lining of Canals
The ratio between the area of a crop irrigated and the quantity of water 1/1
required during its entire period of the growth, is known as: *
delta
duty
Irrigation efficiency
crop efficiency
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Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Center, Nasik
Class: TE (Civil), Subject: HWRE
Unit -3 (MCQ)
1. The water which in a state of downward movement under gravity is __________

a) Groundwater
b) Vadose water
c) Connate water
d) Juvenile water
Answer: b
2. What is the process of movement downwards of vadose water called?

a) Infiltration
b) Filtration
c) Deposition
d) Down-flow
Answer: a
3. What is the upper surface of the zone saturation called?

a) Aquifer
b) Aquiclude
c) Water table
d) Aquifuge
Answer: c
4. Which zones are together called zone of aeration?

a) Soil water and intermediate zone
b) Intermediate zone and zone of capillary water
c) Zone of capillary water and phreatic water
d) Soil water and phreatic water
Answer: a
5. The rock mass which is capable of yielding the contained water economically
__________
a) Aquifer
b) Aquiclude
c) Aquifuge
d) Aquitard
Answer: a
6. The formation which may be porous enough to hold enough quantity of water is
__________
a) Aquifer
b) Aquiclude
c) Aquifuge
d) Aquitard
Answer: b
7. Which rock formation is absolutely impermeable?

a) Aquifer
b) Aquiclude
c) Aquifuge
d) Aquitard
Answer: c
8. Which is the rock mass where partial perviousness is caused because of profuse jointing
or cracks?
a) Aquifer
b) Aquiclude
c) Aquifuge
d) Aquitard
Answer: d
9. Aquifers are distinguished into how many types on the basis of physical conditions under
which water can exist in them?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: b
10. Which aquifer is called water table aquifer?

a) Unconfined aquifer
b) Confined aquifer
c) Ground aquifer
d) Connate aquifer
Answer: a
11. What is the pressure of upper surface of unconfined aquifer?

a) Very high pressure
b) Lower than atmospheric pressure
c) Equal to atmospheric pressure
d) Greater than atmospheric pressure
Answer: c
12. What is the volume of voids in a rock mass expressed in percentage of total volume of
rock called?
a) Porosity
b) Voids ratio
c) Permeability
d) Specific yield
Answer: a
13. What is the quantity of water that a unit volume of aquifer drains by gravity called?
a) Porous volume
b) Water yield
c) Specific yield
d) Unit yield
Answer: c
14. The term which is collectively responsible, along with specific yield, for total porosity of
an aquifer is __________
a) Unit yield
b) Specific retention
c) Unit retention
d) Specific allowance
Answer: b
15. The geological formation which yields only insignificant quantity of groundwater is
_____________
a) aquifer
b) aquifuse
c) aquiclude
d) aquitard
Answer: d
16. The geological formation which may contain water but does not contain any yield is
____________
a) aquifer
b) aquifuse
c) aquiclude
d) aquitard
Answer: c
17. Which of the following geological formation contains and readily yields water to our tube
wells?
a) Aquifer
b) Aquifuse
c) Aquiclude
d) Aquitard
Answer: a
18. Which of the following geological formation does not contain any amount of
groundwater?
a) Aquitard
b) Aquifer
c) Aquiclude
d) Aquifuge
Answer: d
19. The quantum of water contained in the soil pores which cannot be extracted by gravity
drainage is called _____________
a) pellicular water
b) capillary water
c) hygroscopic water
d) available water
Answer: a
20. What is the volume of groundwater which can be extracted by gravity drainage from a
soil stratum when expressed as percentage fraction of the volume of the soil stratum?
a) Pellicular water
b) Available water
c) Specific yield
d) Field capacity
Answer: c
21. Field capacity of a ground aquifer equals _________

a) specific yield
b) 100 – specific yield
c) 100/ specific yield
d) field capacity
Answer: b
22. Specific retention of groundwater is larger in coarse-grained soils.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
23. The line joining the static water levels in several wells excavated through a confined
aquifer is known as the _____________
a) cone of depression
b) piezometric surface
c) perched water-table
d) hypsometric curve
Answer: b
24. Specific yield for an unconfined aquifer is ________________

a) greater than porosity
b) less than porosity
c) equal to porosity
d) unrelated to porosity
Answer: b
25. A perched aquifer is found within ____________

a) unconfined aquifer
b) confined aquifer
c) aquiclude
d) both confined and unconfined aquifer
Answer: a
26. An aquifer which is confined at its bottom but not at the top is called ___________
a) semi-confined aquifer
b) confined aquifer
c) unconfined aquifer
d) artesian aquifer
Answer: c
27. The performance of a well is measured by its ________

a) specific capacity
b) specific yield
c) storage coefficient
d) permeability coefficient
Answer: a
28. The yield of a well depends on ________________

a) permeability of soil
b) area of aquifer opening into the wells
c) actual flow velocity
d) permeability and actual flow velocity
Answer: a
29. Depending upon the type of sub-soil formation, the construction of well is done in two
ways i.e. Dug wells and Sunk wells. Dug wells are constructed in soft formations.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
30. An open well is called shallow well when ____________
a) the depth of well is small
b) the water table is high
c) it does not encounter mota formation
d) it finds the foundation in the mota formation
Answer: c
31. Open well has big diameter than tube well because ____________
i. Open well has to irrigate more area.
ii. Water contribution to the well is natural and therefore, the percolation area has to be
more.
iii. Storage of water has to be made before irrigation is done.
a) i and ii
b) i and iii
c) ii and iii
d) i, ii and iii
Answer: c
32. The most widely used type of a deep state tube well in India is __________
a) cavity well
b) strainer tube well
c) slotted pipe gravel packed tube well
d) both cavity and strainer tube well
Answer: b
33. Which of the following tubewell is suitable when a deep bearing stratum lies below an
impervious layer and water contribution can take place through bottom only?
a) Strainer type tubewell
b) Abyssinian tubewell
c) Cavity type tubewell
d) Slotted type tubewell
Answer: c
34. In cavity tubewell, there is a possibility of water tapping through sides and the flow is
radial.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
35. What is the measure of the fineness of an aquifer?

a) Average grain size
b) Effective diameter
c) Mean particle size
d) Uniformity coefficient
Answer: b
36. Which of the following drilling method is unsuitable in loose formations such as
unconsolidated sand and gravel or quicksand?
a) Percussion drilling
b) Wash boring method
c) Rotary boring method
d) Reverse rotary method
Answer: a
37. Which drilling method is best suited for underground formations made of gravel, sand
and clayey deposits?
a) Percussion drilling
b) Wash boring method
c) Rotary boring method
d) Reverse rotary method
Answer: b
38. Which is the fastest method of drilling and especially useful in unconsolidated
formations?
a) Cable tool method
b) Water-jet boring method
c) Hydraulic Rotary method
d) Reverse Rotary method
Answer: c
39. Which of the following is an effective method for the development of well?
a) Surging
b) Pumping
c) Well development by compressed air
d) Jetting
Answer: d
40. The appropriate life of a tubewell in India is of the order of ______

a) 1 year
b) 2 years
c) 5 years
d) 15 years
Answer: d
41. Corrosion of tubewell pipes may cause _______________

a) reduced discharge from the tubewell
b) excessive discharge of sand with water
c) discharge of highly alkaline water
d) increased pumping rate
Answer: b
42. Which of the following pumps is also used for testing or development of wells?
a) Vertical turbine pump
b) Submersible motor pump
c) Jet pump
d) Airlift pump
Answer: d
43. The law of flow of water through the soil was first studied by ___________
a) Taylor
b) Darcy
c) Lambe
d) Khosla
Answer: b
44. Which of the following equation defines Darcy’s law?

a) q=KA
b) q=K/A
c) q=K i A
d) q=K i/A
Answer: c
45. Coefficient of permeability or simple permeability is expressed in terms of

____________
a) cm/sec
b) m/day
c) feet/day
d) all of the mentioned
Answer: d
46. Darcy’s law is valid for only ___________

a) Laminar flow
b) Turbulent flow
c) Hydraulic flow
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: a
47. The study of seepage of water through soil is important for, which of the following
purpose?
a) Drainage of soils
b) Stability of slopes
c) Ground water flow towards well
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d
48. he unit coefficient of permeability is ______

a) cm
b) s
c) cm/s
d) cm/s2
Answer: c
49. The velocity of flow is proportional to _________ according to Darcy’s law.

a) effective stress
b) hydraulic gradient
c) cohesion
d) adhesion
Answer: b
50. If the coefficient of percolation is 18*10-7cm/s and void ratio is 0.5, then the coefficient
of permeability k is _________
a) 26*10-7cm/s
b) 6*10-7 cm/s
c) 3*10-7cm/s
d) 13*10-7cm/s
Answer: b
Unit 1. Introduction to Hydrology
1.The instrument used to measure rainfall is called

(a) Current meter (b) Pycnometer (c) rain gauge (d) Atmometer
2.The standard Symon’s type rain gauge has a collecting area of diameter _______
(a) 12.7 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 5.08 cm (d) 25.4 cm
3. The double mass curve technique is adapted to ___________

(a) estimate the missing data
(b) obtain intensities of rainfall at various durations
(c) to check consistency of rainfall data
(d) to obtain amount of storage needed to maintain a demand pattern
4. Hyetograph is a plot of ________

(a) cumulative rainfall vs time (b) rainfall intensity vs time (c) rainfall depth vs duration(d)
dischargevs time
5. An isohyet is a line joining point’s having_________

(a) equal evaporation value
(b) equal barometric pressure
(c) equal height above the MSL
(d) equal rainfall depth in a given duration
6. Lysimeter is an instrument to measure

(a) infiltration (b) evaporation (c) evapotranspiration (d) transpiration
7. A float gauge is generally fixed in stilling well to…

(a) provide easy access to the gauge
(b) protect gauge from the action of waves
(c) eliminate errors in reading due to waves
(d) none of the above
8. The velocity of a stream obtained by using velocity rods is…

(a) maximum velocity (b) minimum velocity (c) mean velocity (d) surface velocity
9. In the one point method of finding mean velocity with a current meter, the velocity is
recorded at a depth…
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.4 (c) 0.6 (d) 0.8
10. The science and practice of water flow measurement is known as________
(a) hypsometry (b) hydro-meteorology (c) fluvimetry (d) hydrometry
11. Rainfall is also known as ___________

(a) Precipitation (b) Condensation (c) Infiltration (d) Down pour
12. Orographic precipitation is caused by________

(a) winds from sea (b) convection currents (c) cyclonic activity (d) condensation of water
vapour on windward side of mountain
Prepared By: Prof. Piyush Bhandari, Dept. of Civil Engg., DVVP COE Ahmednagar
13. The constant cyclic movement of water between the earth and atmosphere is called_____
(a) Hydrological cycle (b) precipitation (c) humidity (d) sleet
14. The normal annual rainfall of stations A, B, C and D in a catchment is 80 mm, 91 mm, 85
mm and 87 mm respectively. In the year 2007, the station D was inoperative when stations A,
B and C recorded annual rainfall of 91.11, 72.23 and 79.89 mm. Estimate the missing rainfall
at station D in the year 2007.
(a)89.45mm (b) 81.08 mm (c) 86.56mm (d) 82.21mm
15. The average normal rainfall of 5 rain gauge in the base stations are 89, 54, 45, 41 and 55
cm. If the error in the estimation of rainfall should not exceed 10%, how many additional
gauges may be required?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 8
16. A precipitation in the form of water droplets of size less than 0.5 mm and intensity less
than 1 mm/ hr is known as______
(a) rain (b) sleet (c) hail (d) drizzle
17. An accurate estimate of average rainfall in a particular catchment area can be obtained by
_____
(a) Arithmetic mean method (b) Isohyetal method (c) Normal ratio method (d) Theissen
polygon method
18. The most suitable chemical which can be applied to the water surface for reducing
evaporation is
(a) cetyl alcohol (b) butyl alcohol (c) methyl alcohol (d) ethyl alcohol
19. A 6 hour rainfall with hourly intensities of 7, 18, 25, 17, 11 and 3 mm/ hr produced a
runoff of 39 mm. then the Φ index is …
(a) 3 mm/ hr (b) 7 mm/ hr (c) 8 mm/ hr (d) 10 mm/hr
20. The average pan coefficient for the standard ISI pan is …
(a) 0.90 (b) 0.80 (c) 0.70 (d) 0.50
21. In India, which of the following is adopted as standard recording rain-gauge?

(A) Gauge (B) Tipping bucket type (C) syphon type (D) Weighing bucket type
22. Isohyets are the imaginary lines joining the points of equal______
(A) Pressure (B) Height (C) Humidity (D) Rainfall
23. Which of the following methods is used to estimate flood discharge based on high water
marksleft over in the past?
(A) Slope-area method (B) Area-velocity method (C) Moving boat method (D) Ultrasonic
method

(A) Rivers, lakes, oceans and springs get water from the rains
(B) Rain water is obtained by evaporation from rivers, lakes and oceans
(C) Water remains in atmosphere as vapours
(D) All the above
25. Non-recording rain gauges
(A) Collect the rain whose volume is measured by means of graduated cylinders
(B) Collect the rain which is directly measured by means of graduated cylinders in
centimetresof water depth
(C) Are generally used in hilly terrain
(D) Are cylindrical in shape
26. From the pattern of the rainfall shown in the below figure, the total precipitation is_____
(A) 4 cm (B) 4.5 cm (C) 5 cm (D) 5.5 cm
27. Phytometer method is generally used for the measurement of_____

(A) Interception (B) Evaporation (C) Transpiration (D) None of these
28. Knowledge of hydrology is necessary for civil engineers for______

(A) Designing and construction of irrigation structures
(B) Designing and construction of bridges and culverts
(C) Flood control works
(D) All the above
29. Pick up correct statement from the following:

(A) The air from outer portion of cyclones gets lifted for causing precipitation
(B) The air from central portion of cyclone's gets lifted for causing precipitation
(C) The air from entire surface of the cyclones gets lifted for causing precipitation
(D) None of those
30. Interception losses are due to________

(i) Evaporation
(ii) Transpiration
(iii) Stream flow
(A) Only (i) (B) (i) and (ii) (C) (ii) and (iii) (D) (i), (ii) and (iii)
31. From the data of the rain storm shown in the below figure, the value of W-index is____
(A) 1.5 cm/hour (B) 2 cm/hour (C) 2.5 cm/hour (D) 3 cm/hour
32. Infiltration capacity of soil depends upon________

(A) Number of voids present in the soil
(B) Shape and size of soil particles
(C) Arrangement of soil particles
(D) All the above
33. In India the recording type rain gauge generally used, is________
(A) Weighing type (B) Tipping type (C) Float recording type (D) None of these
34. Indian Meteorological department uses the standard gauges whose collectors have
apertures of__________
(A) 50 or 100 sq. cm area (B) 100 or 150 sq. cm area (C) 100 or 200 sq. cm area (D) 250 or
500 sq. cm area
35. The rainfall at any place is described by______

(A) Its intensity (B) Its duration (C) Its frequency (D) All the above
36. Precipitation caused due to striking of air masses with a topographical feature, is called
(A) Orographic precipitation (B) Convective precipitation (C) Cyclonic precipitation (D)
None of these
37. Precipitation caused by lifting of an air mass due to the pressure difference, is called
(A) Cyclonic precipitation (B) Convective precipitation (C) Orographic precipitation (D)
None of these
38. A 6 hours storm had 4 cm of rainfall and the resulting runoff was 2 cm. If Φ index
remains at the same value, the runoff due to 10 cm rainfall in 12 hours in the catchment is
(A) 4.5 cm (B) 6.0 cm (C) 7.5 cm (D) 9.0 cm

(A) Central portion of a cyclone acts as a chimney through which air gets lifted
(B) Cyclonic precipitation caused by a warm front is generally continuous
(C) Greatest amount of orographic precipitation falls in the windward side of the barrier
(D) All the above

(A) At two meteorologically homogeneous stations, the average annual precipitation is same
(B) If the average annual precipitation at two places is same these are
meteorologicallyhomogeneous stations
(C) Neither (a) nor (b)
(D) Both (a) and (b)
41. Evaporation losses depend upon

(A) Area of the water surface and depth of the water
(B) Nature of precipitation and type of vegetation
(C) Humidity and wind velocity
(D) All the above
42. Precipitation caused due to upward movement of warmer air as compared to surrounding
air, is called_________
(A) Cyclonic precipitation (B) Convective precipitation (C) Orographic precipitation (D)
None of these
43. The theory of infiltration capacity was given by_______

(A) Merrill Bernard (B) W.W. Horner (C) Le-Roy K. Shermen (D) Robert E. Horten
44. For calculating the evaporation rate over a reservoir surface

E = 0.771 (1.465 - 0.00732B) (0.44 - 0.007375 V) (pe - pa), the equation is given by____
(A) Roohwer's, formula in M.K.S.
(B) Roohwer's formula in F.P.S.
(C) Dalton's formula in F.P.S.
(D) Dalton's formula in M.K.S.
45. The best instrument for measuring the velocity of a stream flow is______
(A) Pitot tube (B) Price's current meter (C) Surface float (D) Sub-surface float

(A) Higher the gauge, more deficient will be the rain catch
(B) Heavier the rain, lesser will be the rain catch
(C) The trees serving as wind brakes in the vicinity of the gauge, should not subtend angles
greater than 45°
(D) All the above
47. Hydrology helps in_________

(A) Predicting maximum flows
(B) Deciding the minimum reservoir capacity
(C) Forecasting the availability of quantity of water at reservoir site
(D) All the above
48. In India, rain fall is generally recorded at_________

(A) 8 A.M. (B) 12 Noon (C) 4 P.M. (D) 8 P.M.
49. The initial basin recharge is equal to_________

(A) Interception
(B) Depression storage
(C) Rain absorbed by the moisture deficiency
(D) All the above
50. Rain simulators are used for the determination of_________
(A) Evaporation (B) Precipitation (C) Run off (D) Infiltration capacity
51. The respective storm totals at three surrounding stations A, B and C are 110, 90 and 70
mm. If the normal annual precipitation amounts at stations X, A, B and C are respectively
1000, 1100, 1200 and 1250 mm, the estimated storm precipitation at X is
(A) 75 mm (B) 77 mm (C) 79 mm (D) 81 mm
52. The rate of evaporation from reservoirs may be determined by__________

(A) Pan-measurement method (B) Empirical formulae (C) Storage equation method (D) All
the above

(A) Rain which is intercepted by buildings, vegetation and other objects, is generally known
as rainfall interception
(B) The difference between the total rainfall and intercepted rainfall, is generally called
ground rainfall
(C) When rainfall exceeds the interception rainfall, water reaches the ground and infiltration
starts
(D) All the above
54. The standard height of a standard rain gauge, is_________

(A) 10 cm (B) 20 cm (C) 30 cm (D) 50 cm
55. The runoff is affected by___________

(A) Type of precipitation
(B) Rain intensity and duration of rainfall
(C) Rain distribution and soil moisture deficiency
(D) All the above
56. Hydrology is the science which deals with________

(A) Rain water (B) River water (C) Sea water (D) Surface and underground water
57. Symon's rain gauge is_______

(A) Tipping-bucket gauge (B) Weighing type gauge (C) Float recording gauge (D) Non-
recording gauge
58. The surface Run-off is the quantity of water

(A) Absorbed by soil
(B) Intercepted by buildings and vegetative cover
(C) Required to fill surface depressions
(D) That reaches the stream channels
59. A recording type rain gauge

(A) Produces a mass curve of rain fall
(B) Records the cumulative rain
(C) Is sometimes called integrating rain gauge or continuous rain gauge
(D) All the above
60. The infiltration capacity during rain storm, is considerably reduced due to ________
(A) Surface detention (B) Soil moisture (C) Compaction due to rain (D) All the above
61. The readings of a current meter at a depth of__________

(A) 0.1 h and 0.9 h (B) 0.2 h and 0.8 h (C) 0.3 h and 0.7 h (D) 0.4 h and 0.6 h

(A) When rainfall rate exceeds the infiltration capacity, the water enters the soil at full
capacity rate
(B) When rainfall rate is less than the infiltration capacity, the infiltration rate is
approximately equal to the rainfall rate
(C) The actual infiltration rate at any time may be equal to or less than the infiltration
capacity
(D) All the above
63. While calculating the average depth of annual precipitation in a catchment basin,
importance to individual rain-gauge station is given in __________
(A) Arithmetical method
(B) Thiessen's mean method
(C) Isohyetal method
(D) Both (b) and (c)
64. The surface run off is due to _________

(A) Initial rain (B) Residual rain (C) Rain in the net supply interval (D) All the above
65. If the velocities of flow of a stream of 10 m depth recorded by a current meter at depths
of 2 m and 8 m are 0.7 m and 0.3 m respectively, the discharge per unit width of the stream in
cubic metres, is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

(A) The intensity of rain is the rate at which it falls
(B) The duration of rain is the time for which it falls with a given intensity
(C) The frequency of rain is the number of times, if falls
(D) All the above
67. The slope area method is extensively used in ________

(a) development of rating curve (b) estimation of flood discharge based on high water
marks (c) cases where shifting control exist (d) cases where backwater effect is present
68. For determination of average annual precipitation in a catchment basin, the best method is
(A) Arithmetical method (B) Thiessen's mean method (C) Isohyetal method (D) None of
these
69. If the potential infiltration of a water shed having a soil with fair pasture cover, is 10 cm
andrainfall is 12 cm, the direct run off is:
(A) 2 cm (B) 3 cm (C) 5 cm (D) 7 cm
70. Precipitation includes

(A) Rain (B) Snow (C) Hail (D) All of these
71. The rainfall cycle period in India is taken as
(A) 15 years (B) 20 years (C) 25 years (D) 35 years
72. Effective precipitation for a crop may be defined as

(A) Total precipitation minus the loss due to evaporation
(B) Total precipitation minus the loss due to infiltration
(C) Total precipitation during the crop period
(D) Available water stored in soil within root zone of the crop
73. A current meter measures the velocity of flow, if it is held

(A) On the surface of water
(B) At the bottom of channel
(C) At any point within the cross-section
(D) None of these
74. What is ‘Hydrological Cycle’?

(a) Process involved in the transfer of moisture from sea to land
(b) Process involved in the transfer of moisture from sea back to sea again
(c) Process involved in the transfer of water from snowmelt in mountains to sea
(d) Process involved in the transfer of moisture from sea to land and back to sea again
75. Humidity is measured by a _____

(a) Hygrometer (b) Hyetometer (c) Hydrometer (d) Prheliometer
76. The monthly rainfall at a place is generally indicated as above or below normal, the term
normal means________
(a) the rainfall in the same month of the previous year (b) the rainfall expected based on
previous month’s data (c) the average rainfall of the previous twelve months (d) the average
monthly rainfall for the same month computed from 30 years of past record.
77. The average annual rainfall over the whole of India is estimated as _____
(a) 86 cm (b) 119 cm (c) 203 cm (d) 160 cm
78. The following recording rain gauge produces the mass curve of precipitation as its record.
(a) Symon’s gauge (b) tipping bucket type gauge (c) storage gauge (d) natural syphon
gauge
79. In installing a rain gauge network, the relevant Indian standard recommend that____
(a) the density of gauges should be more in plains than in hills
(b) in regions having an average elevations of 1000m, at least one station in 130 sq. Km is
desired
(c) at least 50% of rain gauge stations should be of recording type
(d) at least 10% of station should be of recording type.
80. The monthly rainfall at a place ‘A’ during August 1987 was noted as 65 mm below
normal. Here the term normal means________
(a) rainfall in the same month August in the previous year
(b) the average monthly rainfall of August computed from a specific 30 years of past
record
(c) the average monthly rainfall computed from the previous 12 months of record
(d) the rainfall that is normally expected based on data from the beginning of that water year
81. The normal annual rainfall at stations A, B and C are 170.6, 180.3 and 165.3 cm
respectively. In 1987, station B was inoperative and stations A and C recorded annual
precipitations of 153.0 and 145.1 cm, respectively. The annual rainfall at B in that year could
be estimated as_____
(a) 160 cm (b) 180 cm (c) 106.7 cm (d) 149.1 cm
82. The mass curve of rainfall of a storm is a plot of ________

(a) accumulated rainfall intensity Vs time
(b) accumulated precipitation Vs time in chronological order
(c) rainfall intensity Vs time in chronological order
(d) accumulated annual rainfall of a stations Vs accumulated annual rainfall of a group of
stations.
83. The probable maximum precipitation at a station or basin is the _____

(a) rainfall of a given duration that can occur with a return period of 1000 years
(b) greatest rainfall for a given duration that is physically possible
(c) a rainfall of a given duration that has the maximum probability of occurance
(d) an impossibly large rainfall of given duration
84. The DAD analysis for a catchment would indicate that____

(a) for a given area the maximum average depth of rainfall decreases with the duration
(b) the maximum depth for a given storm increases with the area
(c) for a given area the maximum average depth of rainfall increases with the duration
(d) the maximum average depth of rainfall has no relationship with either the duration or the
area
85. The Thiessen polygon is ________

(a) a polygon obtained by joining adjoining rain gauge stations
(b) a representative area used for weighing the observed station precipitation
(c) an area used in the construction of depth area curves
(d) the descriptive term for shape of a hydrograph
86. If ‘p’ is the precipitation, ‘a’ is the area represented by a rain gauge, and ‘n’ is the number
if rain gauge stations in a catchment area, then the weighted mean rainfall is_____
∑ 𝑎𝑝2 ∑ 𝑎𝑝 ∑ 𝒂𝒑 ∑ 𝑎𝑝5
(a) ∑ 𝑎2
(b) (c) ∑ 𝒂 (d) ∑ 𝑎3
𝑛
87. For which one of the following purpose is the double mass curve used?
(a) Checking on the consistency of precipitation records
(b) Prediction of annual precipitation
(c) Defining which periods of storm should be analyzed to obtain the maximum useful
information from storm rainfall records
(d) for estimating the capacity of a reservoir
88. The area between the two isohytes 45 cm and 55 cm is 100 km2, and that between 55 cm
and 65 cm is 150 km2. What is the average depth of annual precipitation over the basin of 250
km2 ?
(a) 50 cm (b) 52 cm (c) 56 cm (d) 60 cm
89. Consider the following with respect to double- mass curve:

(1) Plot of accumulated rainfall with respect to two chronological orders.
(2)Plot for estimating multiple missing rainfall data
(3) Plot for checking the consistency of the rainfall data
(4) Plot of accumulated annual rainfall of a station V/s accumulated rainfall of a group of
data.
Which of these statements are correct?
(a)1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
90. The coefficient of variation of the rainfall for six rain gauge stations in catchment was
found to be 29.54%. The optimum number of stations in the catchments for an admissible
10% error in the estimation of the mean rainfall will be ______
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 12
91. A stilling well is required when the stage measurement is made by employing:
(a) Bubble gauge (b) Float gauge recorder (c) Vertical staff gauge (d) Inclined staff gauge
92. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is ___

(a) the evapotranspiration when there is sufficient moisture available to a fully
vegetated area
(b) the evapotranspiration of a forest area
(c) actual evapotranspiration of a crop before application of irrigation water
(d) amount of water needed to bring the moisture content of a soil to its field capacity
93. In a particular season a catchment was found to have a ϕ index of 0.5 cm/hr. If a rainfall
of 2 cm occur in the season at a uniform rate in a 6 hr storm, the resulting direct runoff is
_____
(a) -1.0 cm (b) 0 (c) 5.0 cm (d) 1.0 cm
94. The rainfall in three successive 8 hr periods is 1.6, 5.4 and 4.1 cm. If the initial loss is 0.6
cm and, the surface runoff resulting from this storm is 4.7 cm, the ϕ index for this storm is
______
(a) 0.30 cm/hr (b) 0.267 cm/hr (c) 0.20 cm/hr (d) 0.15 cm/hr
95. A 3 hr storm on a small drainage basin produced rainfall intensities of 3.5 cm/hr, 4.2
cm/hr and 2.9 cm/hr in successive hours. If the surface runoff due to to storm is 3 cm, the
value of ϕ-index will be ____
96. The Penman’s evapo-transpiration equation is based on ______

(a) Water budget method (b) Energy balance method (c) Mass transfer method (d) Energy
balance and mass transfer approach
97. The rainfall on five successive days on a catchment was 3, 6, 9, 5 and 1 cm respectively.
If the ϕ index for the storm can be assumed to be 3 cm/day, the total direct runoff from the
catchment due to this storm is ______
(a) 11 cm (b) 24 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 20 cm
98. The rainfall during three successive 2 hr periods are 0.5, 2.8 and 1.6 cm. The surface
runoff resulting from this storm is 3.2 cm. The ϕ index value of this storm is _______
99. The following is not a direct stream flow determination technique.

(a) Dilution method (b) Ultrasonic method (c) Area velocity method (d) slope area method
100. In the single point method of finding the mean velocity in a vertical of depth D in a
stream, the velocity measured by a current meter at a depth of ‘h’ below the water surface, is
taken as the mean velocity. Here h = __________
(a) 0.6 D (b) 0.5 D (c) 0.2 D (d) 0.8 D
101. If ‘VS’ is surface velocity of a stream at a vertical, the average velocity ‘V’ in the
vertical will be about__________
(a) VS/ 0.9 (b) 0.6 VS (c) 0.9 VS (d) VS
102. How is the average velocity along the vertical in a wide stream obtained?
(a) By averaging the velocities at 0.2 and 0.8 depth from surface
(b) By measuring velocity at 0.6 depth below the surface
(c) by measuring velocity at half the depth
(d) by measuring velocity at 0.1 times the depth below the surface
103. Which is the odd one in the following?

(a) snow (b) sleet (c) rain (d) hail
104. The average pan coefficient for the standard US Weather Bureau class A pan is ____
(a) 0.85 (b) 0.70 (c) 0.90 (d) 0.20
105. Runoff includes _____

(a) Ground water flow (b) surface runoff (c) precipitation over catchment area of the stream
and its tributaries (d) All the above
106. The surface runoff is the quality of water _______

(a) required to fill surface depressions (b) that reaches the stream channels (c) absorbed by
soil (d) intercepted by building and vegetative cover
107. The evaporation from an open water surface _______

(a) depends upon the difference of saturation vapour pressure and actual vapour
pressure in air (b) is independent of wind velocity (c) is independent of the area of water
surface (d) cannot be altered by any means
108. The main factor which affects the infiltration capacity is _______
(a) soil moisture (b) depth of surface detention (c) thickness of saturated layer (d) all the
above
109. The surface runoff is due to _______

(a) rain in the net supply interval (b) initial rain (c) residual rain (d) all the above
110. Water evaporated is carried with the air in form of vapour known as ______
(a) cloud (b) Drizzle (c) Fog (d) smoke
111. When does vapour turn into form of water or snow?
(a) cooled below Dew point (b) at frost point (c) when cooled freezing point (d) when there
is rise in humidity
112. Water on the ground surface entering the soil is called _______
(a) infiltration (b) transpiration (c) filtration (d) precipitation
113. Amount of rainfall which run off the earth’s land surface to form stream is used for ____
(a) flow generation (b) back water storage (c) pit irrigation (d) left through canals
114. Rate of rainfall is expressed in ________

(a) meters (b) centimeter (c) millimetres (d) none of the above
115. According to Robert E. Horton, the equation of infiltration capacity curve is _____
(a) f = fc (f0 –fc)ekt (b) f = ft- (f0 –fc)e-kt (c) f = ft+(f0 –fc)e-kt (d) f = f + (fo –fc)ekt

(a) Absolute humidity at a given temperature is equal to weight of moisture present in a unit
volume
(b) Relative humidity is the ratio of actual vapour pressure and saturation vapour pressure at
the same temperature
(c) Relative humidity is the ratio of the weight of the vapours present per unit volume to the
weight of vapours which could be contained at the same temperature when fully saturated.
(d) all the above
117. Infiltration capacity ______

(a) is a constant factor (b) changes with time (c) changes with location (d) changes with both
time and location
118. Infiltration is the ________

(a) movement of water through the soil (b) absorption of water by soil surface (c) both (a)
and (b) (d) none of the above
119. If the intensity of rainfall is more than the infiltration capacity of soil, then the
infiltration rate will be _______
(a) equal to rate of rainfall (b) equal to infiltration capacity (c) more than rate of rainfall (d)
more than infiltration capacity
120. A rain gauge should preferably be fixed ______

(a) near the building (b) under the tree (c) in an open space (d) in a closed space
121. Which of the following types of rain gauges is used for measuring rain in remote hilly
inaccessible areas?
(a) tipping bucket type (b) weighing type (c) floating type (d) simon’s type
122. Rate of evaporation from a water surface increases if ______

(i) difference of vapour pressure between water and air is increased
(ii) velocity of wind is decreased
(iii) concentration of soluble solids in water is decreased.
The correct answer is _______
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
123. Thiesson method is better result than arithmetic mean method because________
(a) It is shorter time consuming (b) gives better detail about records (c) it is highly accurate
(d) small procedure
124. In which of the following rain gauging method is contour joining the points of equal
rainfall is done?
(a) Arithmetic mean method (b) Thiesson method (c) Isohyetal method (d) recording type
125. In which precipitation moving air masses have chances to strike barriers like mountains.
Once they strike, they rise up which causes condensation and precipiation.
(a) convective (b) orographic (c) cyclonic (d) none of these
126. Unity of intensity of rainfall is _________

(a) mm/hr (b) lit/ min (c) lit/ day (d) none of these
127. Intensity of rainfall is measured by _____

(a) continuously recording gauge (b) Anemometer (c) Hydrometer (d) Seismometer
128. In what way are all the precipitations measured?

(a) vertical depth (b) horizontal area (c) width of area (d) at slope
129. What is the most common form of precipitation?

(a) rain (b) sleet (c) hail (d) snow
130. To officially be considered rain, how big does a droplet need to be?
(a) less than 0.5 mm (b) greater than 10 mm (c) greater than 0.5 mm (d) greater than 1 mm
131. Rate of evaporation is _______

(a) directly proportional to temperature of liquid
(b) inversely proportional to temperature of liquid
(c) independent to temperature of liquid
(d) directly proportional to humidity of surrounding air
132. Rate of evaporation increases as?

(a) exposed surface area of liquid increases
(b) exposed surface area of liquid decreases
(c) movement of air above surface of liquid decreases
(d) atmospheric pressure increases
133. Rate of evaporation decreases as?

(a) temperature increases (b) humidity of surrounding air increases (c) movement of air
above surface of liquid increases (d) atmospheric pressure decreases
134. Which of the following factors do not affect the rate of evaporation?
(a) temperature of liquid (b) humidity of surrounding air (c) depth of liquid (d) surface of
liquid
135. The precipitation caused by natural rising of warmer lighter air in colder and denser
surroundings, is called ______
(a) convective precipitation (b) orographic precipitation (c) cyclonic precipitation (d) none
of these
136. Rain gauge ‘X” did not function for a part of a month during which a storm occurred.
The storm produced rainfall of 84, 70 and 96 mm at three surrounding stations A, B and C
respectively. The normal annual rainfalls at stations X, A, B and C are respectively 770, 882,
736 and 944 mm. The missing storm rainfall at station X is ________
(a) 76 mm (b) 75 mm (c) 78 mm (d) 80 mm
137. The slope of the rainfall mass curve is zero, when it is horizontal. This happens when the
intensity for that period is ______
(a) constant (b) increasing (c) decreasing (d) zero
138. Penmann’s equation is based on __________

(a) energy budgeting only
(b) energy budgeting and water budgeting
(c) energy budgeting and mass transfer
(d) water budgeting and mass transfer
139. Orographic rain occurs when the air is cooled sufficiently as a result of
(a) lifting due to flow over a mountain barrier.
(b) relative movement of two large air masses.
(c) violent up throw of air arising from localized heating.
(d) cyclonic conditions.
140. A double mass curve analysis is useful in

(a) consistency analysis.
(b) frequency analysis.
(c) storage computation analysis.
(d) guessing missing data in cases of non-homogenous terrain.
141. If allowable percentage error in the estimate of basic rainfall is E and coefficient of
variation of rainfall is Cv, then the optimum number of rain gauges is given by _____
3⁄
𝐶𝑣 𝐶𝑣 𝑪𝒗 𝟐 𝐶𝑣 2
(a) (b) √ 𝐸 (c) ( 𝑬 ) (d) ( 𝐸 )
𝐸
142. Water enters the soil at capacity rate when intensity of rainfall is ________
(a) more than the infiltration capacity of the soil (b) less than the infiltration capacity of
the soil (c) equal to the infiltration capacity of the soil (d) slightly less than the infiltration
capacity of the soil
143. The runoff increases with ______

(a) increase in intensity of rain (b) increase in infiltration capacity (c) increase in
permeability of soil (d) all of the above
144. In the moving boat method of stream flow measurements, the following measurements
are required:
(i) velocity and direction of current meter
(ii) speed of the boat
(iii) depths and time interval between depth readings.
The correct answer is _____
(a) i and iii (b) ii and iii (c) only ii (d) i, ii and iii

(a) the rainfall is measured by rain gauges
(b) the snowfall is measured by measuring the depth actually collected on a level platform
(c) the precipitation varies from place to place
(d) all of these
146. Non- recording rain guages:

(a) are widely used in India
(b) do not record the rain but only collect the rain
(c) collect the rain which is measured by means of gradually cylinders as centimeter of water
depth
(d) all of these
147. Which one of the following dimensions of a standard non-recording rain gauge of Indian
Meteorological Department is incorrect?
(a) The area of cross-section of a receiving cylinder is 200 cm2 or 100 cm2
(b) The overall depth of gauge from the top of the collector to the bottom is 85 cm
(c) The square base masonry or concrete foundation is 60 cm x 60 cm
(d) None of these

(a) In recording type rain gauge a man has not to go to the gauge to measure the amount of
rain fallen
(b) A recording type rain gauge produces a record of cumulative rain versus time as a mass
curve of the rain fallen
(c) The mass curve of rain fallen and recorded by a recording type rain gauge indicates the
duration of rainfall
(d) All of these
149. A natural siphon recording rain gauge widely used in India consists of ______
(a) a float chamber and a syphon chamber
(b) a pen mounted on the stem of the float
(c) a chart wrapped round a clockwise rotating drum which completes one revolution in 24
hours
(d) all of these

(a) The amount of rain collected by a rain gauge during 24 hours is known as daily rainfall
(b) the amount of rain collected in one year is known as annual rainfall
(c) the mean of the annual rainfalls over a period of 35 years is known as average annual
rainfall (or normal annual rainfall)
(d) all of these are correct
151. Probable maximum storm (PMS):

(a) is the worst possible storm occurring in the catchment
(b) is generally used for designing large hydraulic structures
(c) can be suitably estimated by maximising the different parameter such as wind, velocity,
humidity, etc
(d) all of these are correct

(a) the difference the total rainfall and that which is intercepted by buildings, trees etc is
called ground rainfall
(b) the rainfall exceeding the interception rate reaches the ground and infiltration into sub soil
starts
(c) the maximum rate at which the soil at the place can absorb water is known as infiltration
capacity
(d) all of these

(a) In summer season, the increase of depth of water reduces the rate of evaporation from the
surface of water body
(b) In winter season, the increase of depth increases the rate of evaporation
(c) No evaporation occurs when vapour pressure in the air above becomes equal to the
saturation pressure
(d) all of these

(a) The movement of water through the soil is known as infiltration
(b) The maximum value of soil moisture content is called the field capacity
(c) The water rapped in the soil voids is called ground water
(d) All of these are correct
155. The stream gauging includes:

(a) determination of the stream flow characteristics
(b) determination of river discharge over long periods of time
(c) determination of the velocity of flow
(d) all of these
156. Which of the following hydraulic structures is used to measurement of flow in small
streams or open channels?
(a) Notches (b) weirs (c) flumes (d) all of these

(a) Rain which is intercepted by buildings, vegetations and other objects is generally known
as rainfall interception
(b) the difference between the total rainfall and intercepted rainfall is generally called ground
rainfall
(c) When rainfall exceeds the interception rainfall, water reaches the ground and infiltration
starts
(d) all of these
158. Consumptive use is the sum of ________
(a) evapo-transpiration and infiltration losses (b) evapo-transpiration plus application losses
(c) evapo-transpiration plus the amount of water used up in plant metabolism (d) evapo-
transpiration plus the amount of water used up in plant metabolism plus percolation losses
159. Other conditions remaining the same, runoff is maximum from precipitation occuring
over ___
(a) sandy strata (b) Rocky area (c) alluvial tracts after a dry spell (d) boulders
160. Thiessen polygon is used in connection with ______

(a) average rainfall determination (b) catchment area computation (c) drawing hydrographs
(d) estimation infiltration
Unit 2. Introduction to Irrigation, water requirements of crops and assessment of canal
revenue
1. If duty (D) is 1425 hectares/ cumec and base period (B) is 120 days for an irrigated crop,
then delta (Δ) in meters is given by_________
(a)102.8 (b) 0.73 (c) 1.38 (d) 0.01
2. The intensity of irrigation means:

(a) percentage of culturable commanded area to be irrigates annually (b) percentage of the
gross commanded area to be irrigated annually (c) percentage of the mean of culturable
commanded area and the gross commanded area to be irrigated annually (d) total depth of
water supplied by the number of watering.
3. The ratio of quantity of water stored in the root zone of the crops to the quantity of water
actually delivered in the field is known as:
(a) water conveyance efficiency (b) water application efficiency (c) water use efficiency (d)
none.
4. For irrigation of orchards the best method is:

(a) free flowing method (b) basin method (c) furrow method (d) sprinkling method
5. What is the other name for Flood Irrigation?

(a) Flow Irrigation (b) Lift Irrigation (c) Surface Irrigation (d) Uncontrolled irrigation
6. In which of the following types of irrigation water is supplied to the crops throughout their
crop period?
(a) Perennial Irrigation (b) Flood Irrigation (c) Direct Irrigation (d) Storage Irrigation
7. With the increase in the quantity of water supplied, the yield of most crops is …
(a) increases continuously (b) decreases continuously (c) increases upto a certain limit and
then become constant (d) increases upto a certain limit and then decreases
8. What is the time interval between the sowing and harvesting of crops?
(a) Base period (b) Kor period (c) Crop period (d) Season period
9. The first watering before sowing the crop is ________

(a) paleo (b) kor (c) delta (d) flooding
10. Crop that requires highest amount of water for its growth is__________
(a) cotton (b) rice (c) sugarcane (d) pulses
11. The total depth of water required by a crop during the entire period the crop is in the field,
is known as….
(a) Delta (b) duty (c) base period (d) crop period.
12. The whole period of cultivation from the time when irrigation water is first supplied for
preparation of the ground to its last watering before harvesting, is called………
(a) base period (b) crop period (c) kor period (d) none of these
13. Crop ratio is the ratio of area irrigated……..
(a) in rabi season to kharif season (b) in kharif season to rabi season (c) under perennial
crop to total crop (d) under perennial crop to non-perennial crop
14. The relation between duty (D) in hectares / cumec, delta (Δ) in meters and base period (B)
in days is
(a) delta = 8.64B/D (b) delta = 8.64 B/D (c) delta = 864B/ D (d) delta = 8640 B/D
15. The area in which crop is grown at a particular time or crop season, is called…..
(a) Gross commanded area (b) culturable commanded area (c) culturable uncultivated area
(d) none of these
16. The duty of a crop is 432 hectares per cumec when the base period of the crop is 100
days. The delta for the crop will be …..
(a) 100 (b) 200 (c) 432 (d) 864
17. The average delta of rice crops is nearly……

(a) 30 cm (b) 60 cm (c) 120 cm (d) 150 cm
18. Sprinkler irrigation is adopted for …….areas.

(a) level (b) uneven (c) hilly (d) plane
19. The crop sequence, which cannot serve any useful purpose in ‘crop rotation’ is…..
(a) wheat-Jowar-Gram (b) Rice-Gram-Rice (c) Cotton-Wheat-Gram (d) Rice-Wheat-Cotton
20. In India, the cultivated area under Rabi season is generally x times the area under kharif
season: where x is….
(a) 1 (b) ½ (c) 2 (d) none of them

(A) The portion of pellicular water which remains unutilised, is called hygroscopic water
(B) The moisture content at which permanent wilting of plants takes place, is called the
wilting point
(C) The moisture deficiency will be different at different points
(D) All the above

(A) The amount of water retained on the surface of soil grains by molecular attraction, is
known aspellicular water
(B) The degree of resistance to movement of the pellicular water generally expressed by the
surface tension
(C) The pellicular water held in any soil, is called field capacity
(D) All the above
23. Consumptive use of a crop during growth, is the amount of ______

(A) Interception (B) Transpiration (C) Evaporation (D) All the above
24. The consumptive use of water for a crop

(A) Is measured as the volume of water per unit area
(B) Is measured as depth of water on irrigated area
(C) May be supplied partly by precipitation and partly by irrigation
(D) All the above
25. The field capacity of a soil is 25%, its permanent wilting point is 15% and specific dry
unity weight is 1.5. If the depth of root zone of a crop, is 80 cm, the storage capacity of the
soil, is
(A) 8 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 12 cm(D) 14 cm
26. The field capacity of a soil depends upon_____

(A) Capillary tension in soil (B) Porosity of soil (C) Both (a) and (b)(D) Neither (a) nor (b)
27. If the optimum depth of kor watering for a crop is 15.12 cm, the outlet factor for the crop
for four week period in hectares per cumec, is_______
(A) 1000 (B) 1200 (C) 1400 (D) 1600
28. For a standing crop, the consumptive use of water is equal to the depth of water
(A) Transpired by the crop
(B) Evaporated by the crop
(C) Transpired and evaporated by the crop
(D) Used by the crop in transpiration, evaporation and also the quantity of water
evaporatedfrom adjacent soil

(A) In free flooding irrigation, water is admitted at one corner of a field and is allowed to
spread over the entire area
(B) In check method of irrigation, the field is divided into smaller compartments and water is
admitted to each in turn
(C) In furrow irrigation water is admitted between the rows of plants in the field
(D) None of these
30. The depth of rice root zone, is_______

(A) 50 cm (B) 60 cm (C) 80 cm (D) 90 cm
31. The state of the soil when plants fail to extract sufficient water for their requirements, is
(A) Maximum saturated point
(B) Permanent wilting point
(C) Ultimate utilisation point
(D) None of these
32. The useful moisture of soil, is equal to its______

(A) Field capacity
(B) Saturation capacity
(C) Moisture content at permanent wilting point
(D) Difference between filed capacity and permanent wilting point within the root zone
ofplants
33. Useful soil moisture for plant growth, is_________

(A) Capillary water (B) Gravity water (C) Hygroscopic water (D) Chemical water
34. In north Indian Plains, optimum depth of kor watering for wheat, is
(A) 23.0 cm (B) 19.0 cm (C) 17.5 cm (D) 13.5 cm
35. The optimum depth of kor watering for a rice crop, is______
(A) 23.0 cm (B) 19.0 cm (C) 17.5 cm (D) 13.5 cm
36. For cereal crops the most commonly adopted method of irrigation, is____
(A) Free flowing method (B) Check method (C) Furrow method (D) Sprinkler method
37. Pinpoint the correct statement:

(a) irrigation helps in adopting mixed cropping (b) ‘mixed cropping’ means sowing of a
different crop after a particular crop has been grown (c) over irrigation may lead to saving in
fertilizers (d) irrigation helps in avoiding mixed cropping
38. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following. Culturable commanded area is the
gross area of an irrigation canal system less
(A) Populated area (B) Alkaline area (C) Forest area (D) Fallow land
39. For standing crops in undulating sandy fields, the best method of irrigation, is_____
(A) Sprinkler irrigation (B) Free flooding (C) Check method (D) Furrow method
40. In which of the following methods of applying water to land, ditches are excavated in the
field?
(a) Free flooding (b) Border flooding (c) Check flooding (d) Furrow irrigation method
41. The best technique of water distribution in the field that can be used for all types of soils
and for widely different topographies and slopes is_____
(a) free flooding (b) border flooding (c) sprinkler irrigation method (d) furrow irrigation
method
42.Which one of the following is the wrong statement about sprinkler irrigation?
The conditions favouring the adoption of sprinkler irrigation method are
(a) land topography is irregular
(b) land soil is excessively permeable
(c) when water table is low
(d) when water is available with difficulty
43. Sprinkler system is_______

(a) permanent system (b) semi-permanent system (c) portable system (d) any one of the
above
44. Which of the following is the wrong statement about sprinkler irrigation system?
The advantages of sprinkler irrigation are:
(a) there is no seepage loss.
(b) land levelling is not required.
(c) it leaches down salt and prevents waterlogging.
(d) it is ideally suited for paddy field.
45. The best irrigation method that suits area where scarcity of irrigation water is
(a) sprinkler irrigation (b) drip irrigation (c) furrow irrigation (d) check flooding
46. In drip irrigation, laterals are usually ______ dia. and ______ long.
(a) 25 to 30 mm and 50 m
(b) 25 to 30 mm and 100 m
(c) 10 to 12.5 mm and 20 m
(d) 10 to 12.5 and 50 m
47. More than ______ critical salt concentration is injurious to all crops.
(a) 500 ppm (b) 1000 ppm (c) 1500 ppm (d) 2000 ppm
48. When electrical conductivity of irrigation water is up to ______ micro mhos/cm, it is

called lowconductivity water
(a) 125 (b) 250 (c) 375 (d) 500
49. When Sodium-Absorption Ratio (SAR) is 30, it is called_______

(a) low sodium water (b) medium sodium water (c) high sodium water (d) very high sodium
water
50. Even for the most tolerant crop, the boron concentration should not exceed______
(a) 4 ppm (b) 8 ppm(c) 12 ppm(d) 16 ppm
51. If wheat requires about 75 mm of water after every 28 days, and the base period for wheat
is 140 days, the value of delta for wheat is_____
(a) 2100 mm (b) 375 mm(c) 52.3 mm (d) none of the above
52. Among the following, which crop has the highest value to delta?
(a) wheat (b) vegetables (c) rice(d) cotton
53. The canal that finally feeds field is known as_______

(a) minor canal (b) field channel (c) distributary (d) branch canal
54. In a canal system the order in which water flows is________

(a) branch canal–distributary–minor–field channels
(b) branch canal minor–distributary–field channels
(c) branch canal–minor–field channel–distributary
(d) branch canal–field canal–distributary–minor
55. A sprinkler irrigation system is suitable when _____

(a) the land gradient is steep and the soil is easily erodible
(b) the soil is having low permeability
(c) the water table is low
(d) the crops to be grown have deep roots
56. In a field under furrow irrigation, ‘furrows’ are referred to represent ____
(a) ridges on which crops are grown
(b) narrow ditches carrying water
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) neither (a) nor (b)
57. In contour border irrigation method _____

(a) the supply ditch runs along the contour
(b) the drainage channel runs along the contour
(c) the border strips are on the approximate contour and have uniform longitudinal
gradient
(d) the border strips are normal to the contour and level across the strip
58. In an irrigation system, land was divided into a large number of smaller size unit areas,
having fairly level surface, by bunds and cross ridges. The basins thus created were filled
with water to the desired depth and the water was retained for some time. This method of
irrigation is known as _______
(a) border method (b) check basin method (c) sub-irrigation (d) contour irrigation
59. The maximum application rate by sprinklers is limited by ________

(a) the infiltration capacity of the soil
(b) the prevailing wind velocity
(c) the quantity of water available
(d) the prevailing humidity and radiation
60. Which of the following statements pertaining to sprinkler irrigation is not correct?
(a) No extra cost of land preparation is involved in sprinkler irrigation
(b) Excessive soil erosion is initiated by sprinkler irrigation
(c) Sprinklers can be used for the application of liquid fertilizers also
(d) Sprinkler irrigation is particularly advantageous in hilly terrain
61. The following data were recorded from an irrigated field:

Field capacity = 20%
Permanent wilting point = 10%
Permissible depletion of available soil moisture = 50%
Dry unit weight of soil = 1500 kg/ m3
Effective rainfall = 25 mm
Based in these data, the net irrigation requirement per meter depth of soil will be ___
(a) 75 mm (b) 125 mm (c) 50 mm (d) 25 mm
62. The water which can be utilised by the crops from the soil is called _________
(a) field capacity water (b) capillary water (c) hygroscopic water (d) none of the above
63. Permanent wilting point moisture content for a crop represents the _____
(a) hygroscopic water (b) capillary water(c) field capacity water(d) none of the above
64. Available moisture for a crop is equal to ______

(a) field capacity moisture content-wilting point moisture content
(b) field capacity moisture content-hygroscopic moisture content
(c) both (a) and (b)
65. The optimum moisture content (m.c.) which is retained in the root zone of a soil, before
applying irrigation water is______
(a) equal to: (the field capacity m.c. – wilting point m.c.)
(b) less than: (the field capacity m.c. – wilting point m.c.)
(c) more than: (the field capacity m.c. – wilting point m.c.)
(d) may be more or less than:(the field capacity m.c. – wilting point m.c.)
66. Frequency of irrigation is dependent upon the type of ______
(a) soil and crop (b) soil and climate (c) soil, crop and climate(d) soil, crop, climate and
fertilizer
67. Permanent wilting point is ______

(a) a characteristic of the plant
(b) a soil characteristic
(c) a soil characteristic modified by the crop
(d) dependent on soil-water-plant-fertilizer interaction
68. Given that the base period is 100 days and the duty of the canal is 1000 hectares per
cumecs, the depth of water will be _______
(a) 0.864 cm (b) 8.64 cm (c) 86.4 cm (d) 864 cm
69. If the depth is 8.64 cm on a field over a base period of 10 days, then the duty is_____
(a) 10 hectares per cum/sec
(b) 100 hectares per cum/sec
(c) 864 hectares per cum/sec
(d) 1000 hectares per cum/sec
70. For a culturable command area of 1000 hectare with intensity of irrigation of 50%, the
duty on field for a certain crop is 2000 hectare/ cumec. What is the discharge required at head
of water course with 25% losses of water?
(a) 3/16 cumec (b) ¼ cumec (c) 1/3 cumec (d) ½ cumec
71. What is the moisture depth available for evapotranspiration in root zone of 1 m depth soil,
if dry weught of soil is 1.5 gm/cc, field capacity is 30% and permanent wilting point is 10%?
(a) 450 mm (b) 300 mm (c) 200 mm (d) 150 mm
72. The crop among the following, which is expected to have the maximum duty is ___
(a) Wheat (b) Rice(c) Sugarcane(d) Cotton
73. Kor-watering is the irrigation water supplied to a crop ___

(a) at the time of its sowing
(b) just before harvesting
(c) about three weeks after sowing
(d) about three weeks before harvesting
74. The duty of irrigation water for a given crop is maximum _____
(a) on the field (b) at the head of the main canal (c) at the head of the water-course (d) none
of them
75. The first important watering of crops is usually called ________

(a) paleo watering (b) kor watering (c) crop watering (d) all of the above
76. Pinpoint the correct statement:

(a) irrigation helps in adopting mixed cropping (b) ‘mixed cropping’ means sowing of a
different crop after a particular crop has been grown (c) over irrigation may lead to saving in
fertilizers (d) irrigation helps in avoiding mixed cropping
77. The canal, which may frequently encounter cross drainage works, will be a ______
(a) watershed canal (b) contour canal (c) side slope canal (d) none of the above
78. The water conveyance efficiency of an irrigation system is _______

Crop yield
(a) Total amount of water used in the field
Water actually stored in the root zone
(b) Water delivered to the farm
Consumptive use
(c) Water delivered from the source
𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐫𝐦
(d)
𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞
79. Which of the following is a costlier system?

(a) gravity irrigation (b) lift irrigation (c) drip irrigation (d) combination of (a) and (b) both
80. ‘Flood irrigation’ method of irrigating fields, work best on:

(a) level or gently rolling terrain (b) steeply rolling terrain (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of
the above
81. In flood irrigation, the preferred method of applying irrigation water to the comparatively
steeper rolling land, is _________
(a) check flooding (b) boarder flooding (c) wild flooding (d) basin flooding
82. The method of growing crops on ridges, running on the sides of water ditches, is known
as:
(a) flood irrigation (b) furrow irrigation (c) check irrigation (d) none of them
83. The best method of applying water to sandy undulating area is _____
(a) free flooding (b) furrow method (c) sub-irrigation (d) sprinkler irrigation
84. In a mildly water scarce area, the drip irrigation could be preferred for growing:
(a) wheat (b) fodder (c) rice (d) fruits and vegetables
85. With the increase in supplied irrigation water, the yield of crops:
(a) increases continuously (b) decreases continuously (c) increases up to a certain limit, and
then becomes constant (d) increases up to a certain limit, and then decreases.
86. The maximum irrigation requirement of rice crop is exhibited by its:

(a) maximum delta value (b) maximum duty value (c) minimum duty value (d) none of the
above
87. Mixed cropping is defined as ____

(a) two or more crops grown during any year (b) two or more crops grown during the same
crop season in different fields (c) two or more crop seasons of the year (d) growing of two or
more crops together in the same field during the same crop season
88. Kor watering is the irrigation water supplied to a crop:

(a) at the time of its sowing (b) just before harvesting (c) about three weeks after sowing (d)
about three weeks before harvesting
89. For a crop, the consumptive use of water is qual to the depth of water:
(a) transpired (b) evaporated (c) transpired and evaporated (d) used in transpiration,
evaporation and evaporated from adjacent soil
90. The duty at the end point of a canal minor, where the government control usually ceases
is called _____
(a) duty on field (b) outlet duty (c) flow duty (d) storage duty
91. Consumptive use is ______

(a) the water used up in plant metabolism (b) the sum of evapotranspiration and amount used
up in plant metabolism (c) the sum of evapotranspiration and infiltration losses (d) the
combined use of surface and ground water resources
92. Conjuctive use of water in a basin means ________

(a) combined use of water for irrigation and for hydropower generation (b) combined use of
surface and ground water resources (c) use of irrigation water for both rabi and kharif
season (d) use of irrigation water by cooperative of farmers
93. The optimum depth of kor watering for rice is about:

(a) 25 cm (b) 19 cm (c) 13.5 cm (d) 9 cm
94. The crop out of the following which is not a cash crop is ______
(a) Jute (b) Tea (c) Rice (d) sugarcane
95. When there is no percolation loss for leaching and other such soil needs, then the Net
irrigation requirement (NIR) of a cropped area, will be equal to ______
(a) the consumptive use (Cu)
(b) Cu –Re , where Re is effective rainfall during cropping
(c) (Cu –Re)/ 𝜂𝑎 , where 𝜂𝑎 is water application efficiency
96. Consumptive use of water for a crop represents:

(a) the transpiration needs of the crop (b) evaporation needs of the cropped area (c)
evapotranspiration needs of the cropped area plus the minor quantity required in plant
metabolism (d) none of the above
97. The amount of irrigation water required to fulfil the evapotranspiration and minor
metabolic plant needs unit of cropped area is called:
(a) consumptive use (b) consumptive irrigation requirement (c) net irrigation requirement
98. The Gross Irrigation Requirement (GIR) of water is equal to:

(a) NIR/ ηa(b) NIR / (ηa × ηc)(c) NIR / (ηa/ ηc) (d) none of above
Where ηa= water application efficiency, ηc = water conveyance efficiency

(a) Gravity water is harmful to crops (b) hygroscopic water remains attached to soil
molecules by chemical bond (c) capillary moisture held in the soil pores against gravity
by surface tension, is utilised by plants (d) all the above
100. If the intensity of rainfall is more than the infiltration capacity of soil, then the
infiltration rate will be ________
(a) equal to rate of rainfall (b) equal to infiltration capacity (c) more than rate of rainfall (d)
more than infiltration capacity
101. The moisture held by a well drained soil against gravity drainage, by the force of surface
tension between the soil grains and water drops is called:
(a) field capacity water (b) hygroscopic water (c) capillary water (d) water of adhesion
102. Infiltration rate is always ________

(a) more than the infiltration capacity (b) less than the infiltration capacity (c) equal to or
less than the infiltration capacity (d) equal to or more than the infiltration capacity
103. Which of the following methods of supplying water may be used on rolling land?
(a) border flooding (b) check flooding (c) furrow flooding (d) free flooding
104. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the parts of a canal system?
(a) head works, distributary, branch canals and minor
(b) head works, main canal, branch canals, distributary and minor
(c) head works, main canal, branch canals, minor and distributary
105. Irrigation water is usually applied to the fields, when the available moisture in the root
zone of the crop gets depleted by:
(a) 0-10% (b) 10-25% (c) 50-80% (d) 100%
106. The ratio of the water stored in the root zone during irrigation to the water needed in the
root zone prior to irrigation is called:
(a) efficiency of water use (b) efficiency of water storage (c) efficiency of water application
(d) efficiency of water conveyance
107. If the irrigation water applied to a field penetrates uniformly throughout then the water
distribution efficiency is:
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 0.5 (d) none of them as more data is required to ascertain it
108. The efficiency of water conveyance does not depend upon:

(a) climatic conditions (b) geometry of the conveyance system (c) nature of the boundary of
the conveyance system (d) method of application of water
109. Which of the following is not correctly matched?

(a) Rice-kharif (b) wheat- Rabi (c) Barley- Kharif (d) Potato- Rabi
110. Which of the following methods of applying water may be used on land with irregular
topography?
(a) Free flooding (b) Border flooding (c) Check flooding (d) Furrow irrigation method
111. In plain areas, the irrigation canals are usually aligned along:
(a) ridge lines (b) contour lines (c) valley lines (d) across the contours
112. A ridge canal is also called a:
113. The canal, which may frequently encounter cross-drainage works, will be a:
114. The canal, which can irrigate only on one side is a:

(a) watershed canal(b) contour canal (c) side slope canal (d) none of the above
115. The discharge carried by a minor distributary is usually less than:

(a) 0.5 cumecs (b) 1 cumecs (c) 2.5 cumecs (d) none of them
116. The discharge carried by a major distributary is usally up to:

(a) 5 cumec (b) 10 cumec (c) 30 cumec (d) 50 cumec
117. The canal which is not supposed to do any irrigation is called:

(a) main canal (b) water course (c) major distributary (d) minor distributary
118. Water application efficiency is highest in ______

(a) basin flooding (b) sprinkler irrigation (c) furrow method (d) drip irrigation
119. The moisture content of the root soil is more or less constant with time in _____
(a) sprinkler irrigation (b) free flooding (c) drip irrigation (d) furrow method
120. Which of the following statements are correct?

(i) Trickle irrigation is adopted where there is acute scarcity of irrigation water.
(ii) Evaporation losses are eliminated in drip irrigation as water is provided at root level.
(a) only (i) (b) only (ii) (c) both (i) and (ii) (d) neither (i) nor (ii)
121. Furrow method of irrigation is most suitable for ______

(a) potato (b) rice (c) wheat (d) cotton
122. Infiltration capacity ________

(a) is a constant factor (b) changes with time (c) changes with location (d) changes with both
time and location
123. What does the crop rate system may lead to?
(a) over utilization water (b) careful use of water (c) sufficient use of water (d) insufficient
use of water
124. A contour canal _____

(a) is most suitable in hilly areas (b) irrigates only on one side (c) is aligned parallel to the
contour of the country (d) all of the above
125. In which method of pricing measuring devices are installed?

(a) Direct revenue collection (b) crop rate system (c) volumetric method of pricing (d) crop
rate revenue system
126. Which type of system is not in practice in India?

(a) crop rate revenue system (b) direct revenue collection (c) crop rate system (d) volumetric
method of pricing
127. Irrigation is basically required in ___
(a) humid region (b) arid regions (c) semi arid regions (d) all of the above
128. Inundation canals draw their supplies from rives whenever there is a ______stage in the
river.
(a) low (b) high (c) medium (d) bottom
129. A part of water which exists in the porous space of the soil by molecular attraction is
known as ________
(a) capillary water (b) gravitational water (c) hygroscopic water (d) all of these
130. The alignment of a canal ______

(a) should be such, so as to ensure minimum number of cross drainage works
(b) on a water shed is the most economical
(c) should avoid valuable properties
(d) all of the above
131. The moisture content of the soil, after free drainage has removed most of the gravity
water is known as ______
(a) field capacity (b) saturation capacity (c) wilting coefficient (d) available mositure
132. The water content at which plants can no longer extract sufficient water from the soil for
growth is called _______
(a) field capacity (b) saturation capacity (c) premanent wilting coefficient (d) available
mositure
133. Available moisture may be defined as the ______

(a) moisture content at permanent wilting point (b) difference in water content of the soil
between field capacity and permanent wilting point (c) maximum moisture holding
capacity (d) all of these
134. Consumptive use of water by a crop is equal to ______

(a) the depth of water consumed by evaporation (b) the depth of water consumed by
transpiration (c) the depth of water consumed by evaporation and transpiration during
crop growth, including water consumed by a accompanying weed growth (d) none of the
above
135. A canal aligned at right angles to the contour of a country is known as ___
(a) slide slope canal (b) contour canal (c) water shed canal (d) branch canal
136. Irrigation canals are generally aligned along ______

(a) contour (b) water shed (c) straight line (d) valley line
137. The crops require maximum water during _________

(a) first watering before sowing the crops (b) last watering before harvesting (c) first
watering when the crop has grown a few centimeters (d) all of the above
138. The maximum depth in soil strata in which the crop spreads its root system and derives
water from the soil is called ________
(a) kor depth (b) root zone depth (c) delta (d) overlap allowance
139. Where steep land is available, the method of irrigation adopted is _______
(a) free flooding (b) border flooding (c) check flooding (d) basin flooding
140. For closed growing crops (such as wheat), the method of irrigation used is _______
141. Check flooding method of irrigation is used for _______

(a) closed growing crops (b) tracts with flat gradients (c) crops which can stand inundation
of water for sometime (d) crops such as sugarcane, potatoes etc.
142. Which of the following statement is correct?

(a) in free flooding, the field is divided into a number of small sized plots which are plain
level
(b) in border strip flooding, the strips are separated by low levels
(c) in furrow irrigation, the water is admitted between the rows of plants in the field
(d) all of the above
143. The method of irrigation used for orchards is _______

144. A canal aligned nearly parallel to the contours of a country is known as ______
(a) side slope canal (b) contour canal (c) water shed canal (d) ridge canal
145. A canal aligned approximately parallel to the natural drainage of a country is called
______
(a) side slope canal (b) contour canal (c) water shed canal (d) ridge canal
146. The water shed canal is also called _______

(a) side slope canal (b) contour canal (c) ridge canal (d) all of these
Unit 3. Groundwater hydrology
1. Permeability is __________.
(a) the ability of a solid to allow fluids to pass through
(b) the process by which plants release water vapour to the atmosphere
(c) the amount of water vapour in the air relative to the maximum amount of water vapour the
air can hold
(d) the percentage of pore space in the rock
2.The ability of an Earth material to transmit water is a measure of its _______

(a) porosity (b) aquifer characteristics (c) chemical cement (d) permeability
3.What is the term for a relatively impermeable geologic unit?

(a) an artesian (b) an aquiclude (c) an aquifer (d) none of these
4.The boundary between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone is called the _____
(a) water table (b) aquifer (c)aquiclude (d) porosity
5. The geological formation which yields only insignificant quantity of groundwater is

(a) aquifer (b) aquifuse (c) aquiclude (d) aquitard
6. The geological formation which may contain water but does not contain any yield is
7. Which of the following geological formation contains and readily yields water to our tube
wells?
(a) Aquifer (b) Aquifuse (c) Aquiclude (d) Aquitard
8. Which of the following geological formation does not contain any amount of groundwater?
(a) Aquitard (b) Aquifer (c) Aquiclude (d) Aquifuge
9. Water wells excavated through confined aquifers are known as ______________

(a) artesian wells (b) non-artesian wells (c) gravity wells (d) water table wells
10. In case of a flowing well, the piezometric surface is always _________

(a) below the ground level (b) above the ground level (c) at the ground level (d) above or
below the ground level
11. The line joining the static water levels in several wells excavated through a confined
aquifer is known as the _____________
(a) cone of depression (b) piezometric surface (c) perched water-table (d) hypsometric curve
12. The permeability of an aquifer (m/day) will ____________

(a) increase with an increase in temperature of water flowing through the aquifer
(b) decrease with an increase in temperature of water flowing through the aquifer
(c) not get affected by the change in temperature of water flowing through the aquifer
(d) increase up to 20°C and then decreases with the increase in the temperature of water
flowing through the aquifer
13. The discharge per unit drawdown at a well is known as ___________
(a) specific yield (b) specific retention (c) specific capacity (d) specific storage
14. The units of specific capacity of a well are _____

(a) m3/sec (b) m2/sec (c) m/sec (d) no units
15. Specific yield for an unconfined aquifer is ________________

(a) greater than porosity (b) less than porosity (c) equal to porosity (d) unrelated to porosity
16. A perched aquifer is found within ____________

(a) unconfined aquifer (b) confined aquifer (c) aquiclude (d) both confined and unconfined
aquifer
17. An aquifer which is confined at its bottom but not at the top is called ___________
(a) semi-confined aquifer (b) confined aquifer (c) unconfined aquifer (d) artesian aquifer
18. The performance of a well is measured by its ________

(a) specific capacity (b) specific yield (c) storage coefficient (d) permeability coefficient
19. The yield of a well depends on ________________

(a) permeability of soil (b) area of aquifer opening into the wells (c) actual flow velocity (d)
permeability and actual flow velocity
20. Which of the following tube well is suitable when a deep bearing stratum lies below an
impervious layer and water contribution can take place through bottom only?
(a) Strainer type tube well (b) Abyssinian tube well (c) Cavity type tube well (d) Slotted
type tube well
21. Which of the following drilling method is unsuitable in loose formations such as
unconsolidated sand and gravel or quicksand?
(a) Percussion drilling (b) Wash boring method (c) Rotary boring method (d) Reverse rotary
method
22. Which drilling method is best suited for underground formations made of gravel, sand
and clayey deposits?
(a) Percussion drilling (b) Wash boring method (c) Rotary boring method (d) Reverse rotary
method
23. Which aquifer is called water table aquifer?

(a) Unconfined aquifer (b) Confined aquifer (c) Ground aquifer (d) Connate aquifer
24. The radius of influence is__________

(a) radius of the main well
(b) distance from the wall of main well to the point of zero draw down
(c) Distance from the centre of main well to the point of zero draw down
(d) None of these

(A) The zone below water table, is called zone of saturation
(B) The zone above water table, is called zone of aeration
(C) The water which exists in the zone of saturation, is called ground water
(D) All the above

(A) A confined bed of impervious material laid over an aquifer, is known as an aquiclude
(B) The top most water bearing strata having no aquifer, is known as non-artesian aquifer
(C) The ordinary gravity wells which supply water from the top most water bearing strata, are
called water table wells
(D) All the above
27. Shallow tube wells up to 70 m depth in alluvial soils are usually drilled by _____
(a) light rigs (b) water jet methods (c) cable tool drills (d) hand boring devices

(A) Perched aquifer is found in unconfined aquifer
(B) The top surface of the water held in the perched aquifer, is known as perched water table
(C) Perched aquifer is formed in unconfined aquifer if an impervious layer exists
(D) All the above

(A) The ratio of total volume of voids in soil aggregates to the total volume of aggregate, is
called Porosity
(B) Water retained by the interstices due to molecular attraction, is called pellicular water
(C) Sum of the percentage of specific yield and specific retention is 100
(D) All the above
30. When a constant discharge 2.91 litres/sec. was obtained in a pumping test, the draw
downs in the test wells at 3 m and 6.184 m were 2.6 m and 0.3 m respectively. If over-all
depth of the pumping well was 16 m, the permeability of the soil, is
(A) 0.0005 cm/sec (B) 0.001 cm/sec (C) 0.002 cm/sec (D) 0.01 cm/sec
31. The quantity of water retained by the sub-soil against gravity, is known
(A) Yield (B) Porosity (C) Specific yield (D) Specific retention
32. litres/minute, the water level in a test well at a distance of 80 m is lowered by 0.5 m and
in a well 20 m away water is lowered by 1.0 m. The transmissibility of the aquifer, is
(A) 1.185 m2/minute (B) 1.285 m2/minute (C) 1.385 m2/minute (D) 1.485 m2/minute

(A) The rate of flow of water through a unit cross-sectional area under a unit hydraulic
gradient, is called coefficient of permeability
(B) The rate of flow of water through a vertical strip of the aquifer of unit width and full
depth under a unit hydraulic gradient, is called coefficient of transmissibility
(C) The flow of water through aquifers, is governed by the Darcy's law
(D) The term 'transmissibility' was introduced by Meinzer
34. Shrouding is provided in

(A) Cavity type tube wells (B) Slotted type tube wells (C) Strainer type tube wells (D)
Perforated type tube wells
35. The Dupit formula is based on
(A) One observation well (B) Two observation wells (C) Three observation wells (D) No
observation well
36. Equilibrium flow conditions and a homogeneous aquifer and radius of influence to be
same, the ratio of discharges at 20 m and 40 m draw downs, is
(A) 2/3 (B) 5/4 (C) 4/5 (D) 8/7
37. A soil strata may consist of

(A) Soil zone (B) Intermediate zone (C) Capillary zone (D) All the above

(A) Gravity water is harmful to crops
(B) Hygroscopic water remains attached to soil molecules by chemical bond
(C) Capillary moisture held in the soil pores against gravity by surface tension, is
utilised byplants
(D) All the above
39. The top of the capillary zone

(A) Lies below the water table at every point
(B) Lies above the water table at every point
(C) Coincides the water table at every point
(D) None of these
40. The surface obtained by joining the static water levels in several wells, penetrating a
confined aquifer represents_______
(a) water table (b) capillary fringe (c) piezometric surface of the aquifer (d) cone of
depression
41. A well through which water is added to an aquifer is called:

(A) discharge well (B) pumping well (C) Qantas (D) Recharging well
42. Darcy’s law is:

(A) the discharge is inversely proportional to head loss
(B) the discharge is inversely proportional to head loss and directly proportional to the length
(C) the discharge is directly proportional to head loss and inversely proportional to area of
flow and to the length of the path
(D) the discharge is directly proportional to head loss and area of flow and inversely
proportional to the length of the path
43. The approximate average permeability of clay is __

(a) 0.004 m/day (b) 0.041 m/day (c) 4.10 m/day (d) 0.0004 m/day
44. If rw is the radius of the well pipe, R is the radius of influence and H is thickness of a
confined aquifer, the ratio of discharge of a well sunk up to the top of the aquifer to the
discharge of the well fully penetrated is ______
𝑟 𝑅 𝒓 𝑹 𝐻 𝑅 𝐻 𝑅
(a) 2.3 𝐻𝑤 log 𝑒 (𝑟 ) (b) 2.3 𝑯𝒘 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 (𝒓 ) (c) 2.3 𝑟 log 𝑒 (𝑟 ) (d) 2.3 𝑟 log10 (𝑟 )
𝑤 𝒘 𝑤 𝑤 𝑤 𝑤
45. Bored tube wells in rocky consolidated formations as are encountered in South Indian
States of our country are usually drilled by _____
(a) rotary drilling rigs (b) percussion drilling rigs (c) down the hole hammer (DTH) rigs (d)
none of the above
46. Incrustation of the tube well pipes may lead to _____

(a) reduced discharge from the tube well (b) excessive discharge of sand with water (c)
discharge of highly alkaline water (d) none of the above
47. Deep tube wells in soft alluviums can be best drilled by _______
none of the above
48. Deep tube wells in hard boulder alluviums can be best drilled by _______
none of the above
49. The runoff of a drainage basin is _______

(A) Initial recharge + ground water accretion + precipitation
(B) Precipitation+ groundwater accretion+ initial recharge
(C) Precipitation- groundwater accretion+ initial recharge
(D) Precipitation- groundwater accretion- initial recharge
50. The types of pumps used in tube wells are _________

(a) submersible pumps (b) centrifugal pumps (c) turbine pumps (d) all of these
51. In an underground profile, the zone of aeration does not include:

(a) soil water (b) capillary water (c) ground water (d) none of them
52. Ground water is found to occur in the geological formation which is ________
(a) porous (b) permeable (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of the above
53. The property of a geological formation which represents its water storage capacity is ___
(a) permeability (b) porosity (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
54. The zone of aeration in a ground profile consists of ________

(a) capillary fringe (b) soil water zone (c) intermediate zone (d) all of them
55. The zone of aeration in a ground profile does not include _____
(a) capillary zone (b) soil water zone (c) intermediate zone (d) saturation zone
56. The relation between Transmissibility (T) and Permeability (K) for an aquifer of depth ‘d’
is ______
(a) K = T d (b) T = K d (c) T = K log d (d) T = ln (K d)
57. Consider the following statements regarding confined aquifers:

(i) The aquifer is bound at top and below by impervious strata
(ii) The pressure of water is greater than atmospheric pressure
(iii) A tube well sunk in such an aquifer starts flowing always by itself
(iv) The aquifer is fully saturated
Of the above statements:
(a) i, ii and iii are correct (b) ii, iii and iv are correct (c) i, ii and iv are correct (d) i, iii and iv
are correct
58. Derivation of Thiem’s formula

2𝜋𝑇(𝑆1 −𝑆2 )
Q= 𝑟2 is based on the assumption
2.3 log10
𝑟1
(a) The aquifer is homogenous, isotropic and of infinite depth and area
(b) the well is sunk through the full depth of the aquifer
(c) the flow lines are radial and horizontal and the flow is laminar
(d) all the above
59. The geological formation which contains and readily yields water to tube wells is an
______
60. The capillary fringe is also called _________

(a) suspended water (b) vadose water (c) gravity water (d) all of the above
61. Field capacity of a ground aquifer equals _______

(a) specific yield (b) 100- specific yield (c) 100/ specific yield (d) none of the above
62. Water wells excavated through unconfined aquifers are known as_______
(a) gravity wells (b) water table wells (c) non-artesian wells (d) all of them
63. Water wells excavated through confined aquifers are known as ______
(a) artesian wells (b) pressure wells (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
64. Specific capacity of a confined well under equilibrium conditions and within the working
limits of drawdown:
(a) is constant at all drawdown (b) decreases as the drawdown is increased (c) increases as
the drawdown is increased (d) none of the above
65. The most widely used type of a deep state tube well in India is _________
(a) cavity well (b) strainer tube well (c) slotted pipe gravel packed tube well (d) none of
them
66. If the piezometric surface along an unconfined aquifer declines to a level below the top of
the aquifer then the aquifer at this point is called ______
(a) a perched aquifer (b) a leaky aquifer (c) a flowing aquifer (d) a unconfined aquifer
67. The volume of water (cum.) that can be extracted from a unit volume of aquifer material
(1 cum.) under the force of gravity is called _________
(a) storage coefficient (b) specific coefficient (c) specific yield (d) specific capacity
68. The quantum of water contained in the soil pores which cannot be extracted by gravity
drainage is called ________
(a) pellicular water (b) capillary water (c) hygroscopic water (d) none of these
69. Storage coefficient (A) divided by aquifer depth (d) is known as ___________
(a) specific storage (b) specific capacity per unit depth of aquifer (c) specific yield (d)
specific retention
70. The water level in an unconfined well _______

(a) increases with increase in atmospheric pressure (b) decreases with increase in atmospheric
pressure (c) does not undergo any change with change in the atmospheric pressure (d) all
of the above are possible
71. Specific capacity of a well is _______

(a) constant over time after commissioning of the well (b) increases with time after start of
pumping (c) decreases with time after start of pumping (d) may increase or decrease
depending upon a particular aquifer
72. The water level in a confined well ________

(a) increases with increase in atmospheric pressure (b) decreases with increase in
atmospheric pressure (c) does not undergo any change with change in the atmospheric
pressure (d) all of the above are possible
73. The clogging of well screens and consequent reduction in pump efficiency is indicated by
____
(a) high value of well loss (b) low value of well loss (c) variable value of well loss (d) none
of the above
74. A well penetrating a confined aquifer was tested with uniform discharge of 1 m3/ min.
The steady state draw down measured in two observation wells, which are located at 1.5 m
and 15 m radial distance from the center of the pumped well were 12.2 m and 3 m
respectively. Calculate the transmissivity of the confined aquifer if its thickness is 12 m
(a) 6.5×104 m3/sec/m (b) 6.6×104 m3/sec/m (c) 6.5×103 m3/sec/m (d) 6.6×103 m3/sec/m
75. Calculate specific capacity of an open well from:

(i) initial depression head = 5 m
(ii) final depression head = 2 m
(iii) time of observation = 2 hr
(iv) diameter of well = 3 m
(a) 0.4 m/ hr (b) 0.45 m/ hr (c) 0.5 m/ hr (d) 0.6 m/ hr
76. _________ wells are horizontally or inclined driven wells in aquifer of small thickness to
increase the yield.
(a) tube wells (b) open wells (c) radial wells (d) cavity wells
77. In this method augers are used to driving wells

(a) boring method (b) driven well method (c) hydraulic rotary method (d) Reverse rotary
method
78. In this method well point is driven in ground by drop hammer

(a) boring method (b) driven well method (c) hydraulic rotary method (d) Reverse rotary
method
79. In this method well hole is drilled by hammering and cutting action of heavy drill bit
suspended by cable raised and lowered alternatively.
(a) boring method (b) percussion method (c) hydraulic rotary method (d) Reverse rotary
method
80. In this method the drill bit is continuously rotated to drill hole and mixture of clay and
water is pumped during drilling to ease drilling.
method
81. In this method the water is pumped from drill bit for cutting the rock/ soil.
method
82. The water which can be utilised by the crops from the soil is called _______
(a) field capacity water (b) capillary water (c) hygroscopic water (d) none of the above
83. Water present in artesian aquifer is usually

(a) at sub-surface atmospheric pressure
(b) at atmospheric pressure
(c) at 0.5 times the atmospheric pressure
(d) above atmospheric pressure
84. If ‘d’ is the depth of the aquifer through which water is flowing, then the relationship
between permeability ‘K’ and transmissibility ‘T’ is given by ______
(a) T = K d (b) T = K/ d (c) T = √𝐾 𝑑 (d) K = √𝑇 𝑑
85. The region of the soil strata above the water table exists in _______
(a) capillary zone (b) intermediate zone (c) soil zone (d) all of these
86. Percussion drilling is unsuitable in ________

(a) unconsolidated sand (b) unconsolidated gravel (c) quick sand (d) consolidated rocks

(a) The flow in strainer type wells is radical (b) the flow in cavity type wells is spherical (c)
In strainer type wells area of flow depends upon the length of the strainer pipe (d) In
cavity type wells area of flow depends upon the size of the cavity
88. While determining the yield of a gravity well by pumping, the depth of water table in two
test wells at distances r1 and r2 from the center of the main well were found to be s1 and s2
respectively. Assuming the coefficient of transmissibility of the soil as T, the discharge Q
may be given by ___
𝜋𝑇 (𝑠2 −𝑠1 ) 𝜋𝑇 (𝑠1 −𝑠2 ) 𝟐𝝅𝑻 (𝒔𝟏 −𝒔𝟐 ) 2𝜋𝑡 (𝑠2 +𝑠1 )
(a) Q = 𝑟1 (b) Q = 𝑟1 (c) Q = 𝒓𝟐 (d) Q = 𝑟2
2.3 log10 2.3 log 𝟐.𝟑 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 2.3 log10
𝑟2 𝑟2 𝒓𝟏 𝑟1
89. According to Thiem, the permeability of an aquifer may be obtained from the equation
______
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 𝒓
2.3 𝑄 log10 2 2.3 𝑄 log𝑒 2 2.3 𝑄 log10 2 𝟐.𝟑 𝑸 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝟐
𝑟1 𝑟1 𝑟1 𝒓𝟏
(a) K = (b) K = (c) K = (d) K =
𝜋(ℎ22 −ℎ12 ) 𝜋(ℎ22 −ℎ12 ) 2𝜋 (𝑠1 −𝑠2 ) 𝟐𝝅 𝑻 (𝒔𝟏 −𝒔𝟐 )
90. An earth formation which although porous and capable of absorbing water does not
provide an appreciable supply of wells is known as _____
(a) aquifer (b) aquiclude (c) aquifuge (d) none of these
91. Ground water from artesian wells ______

(a) contains no suspended materials (b) contains dissolved salts (c) may be salty and hard (d)
all the above
92. Pick up the incorrect statement form the following:

(a) An impervious layer a few meters below the water table in the sub soil is generally called
Mota layer (b) Mota layer is very useful to give structural support to open deep wells (c) A
bore hole is generally provided in the mota layer for deep wells (d) shallow wells are always
of less depth as compared to deep wells

(a) The water level in still well, represents the ground water table level (b) the difference
between water table level and the water level in a well after pumping is called depression
head (c) the surface of water table surrounding a well during pumping forms a cone of
depression (d) all the above
94. The strainer type tube well is unsuitable for ______

(a) coarse gravels (b) fine sandy strata (c) clean gravels (d) none of these

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Measurement of precipitation means determination of________.

Non recording rain gauge gives: * 2/2

In India, which of the following is adopted as standard recording rain- 2/2

Natural syphon type

Weighing bucket type

Tipping bucket type

Colorado Sunken evaporation pan is: * 2/2

A plot between rainfall intensity V/S time is called as ________. * 2/2

A Lysimeter is used to measure________. * 2/2

In Horton’s equation fo is ________. * 2/2

The final infiltration rate

The initial infiltration capacity

Constant Infiltration rate

Basic Infiltration rate

The diameter of ISI evaporation pan is: * 2/2

The coefficient of variation Cv is calculated as: * 2/2

Cv=(100 ×σ)/P ̅^2

The checking for inconsistency of a record is done by ________. * 2/2

Mass curve method

Double-mass curve technique

Normal ratio method

Following is the Dalton’s law: * 0/2

The diameter of class A evaporation pan is: * 2/2

Maximum infiltration rate

Basic infiltration rate

The average infiltration rate is called as ________. * 0/2

All of the above

All of the above

The height of water in the stream channel, known as ________. * 2/2

Generally mean velocity of flow at a section is obtained by keeping the 0/2

In dilution method QT is : * 0/2

Constant injection rate of tracer

Constant Tracer concentration

Discharge in the stream

Constant injection rate of tracer

Price current meter is a __________type of meter. * 0/2

0.8 and 0.6

0.2 and 0.8

0.5 and 0.8

0.2 and 0.6

0.2 and 0.8

(A) Methyl alcohol

2. In India, which of the following is adopted as standard recording rain-gauge?

(A) Symon’s rain-gauge

3. The flow-mass curve is graphical representation of

(A) Cumulative discharge and time

4. Isohyets are the imaginary lines joining the points of equal

5. A hyetograph is a graphical representation of

(A) Rainfall intensity and time

6. If the dew point is greater than 0°C

(A) Dew will be formed

7. The specifications of most commonly used standard gauges in India, are

(A) 200 sq. cm collector and 4 litres bottle

8. Non-recording rain gauges

9. Phytometer method is generally used for the measurement of

10. Knowledge of hydrology is necessary for civil engineers for

(A) Designing and construction of irrigation structures

11. Interception losses are due to

12. Infiltration capacity of soil depends upon

(A) Number of voids present in the soil

13. In India the recording type rain gauge generally used, is

(A) Weighing type