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Becoming A Member of Society

The document discusses how individuals become members of society through socialization and enculturation. The major agents that influence socialization are the family, schools, peer groups, mass media, religion, the state, and major social/historical events. These agents socialize individuals by teaching norms and values. The document also examines conformity, deviance, and how societies use social control and sanctions to regulate behavior and encourage conformity. It defines concepts like deviance, compliance, identification, and theories of deviance. Finally, it discusses the ideas of human dignity and how human rights are based on protecting human dignity.

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katrinajen ferrer
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34 views

Becoming A Member of Society

The document discusses how individuals become members of society through socialization and enculturation. The major agents that influence socialization are the family, schools, peer groups, mass media, religion, the state, and major social/historical events. These agents socialize individuals by teaching norms and values. The document also examines conformity, deviance, and how societies use social control and sanctions to regulate behavior and encourage conformity. It defines concepts like deviance, compliance, identification, and theories of deviance. Finally, it discusses the ideas of human dignity and how human rights are based on protecting human dignity.

Uploaded by

katrinajen ferrer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY

BECOMING A MEMBER OF SOCIETY

Becoming a Member of Society 


1. Socialization
2. Enculturation 

Agents of Socialization and Enculturation 


1. Family
2. School
3. Peer groups
4. Mass media
5. Religion
6. State
7. Social and historical events 

Agents of Socialization and Enculturation 


Family 
-Family is the primary agent of socialization of an individual upon birth, infancy, and up
to childhood. 

Schools 
-Schools teach students important valued like competitiveness, cooperation, conformity,
innovation, punctuality, orderliness, and respect for authority. 

Peer Groups 
-They refer to people who share the same interests or characteristics such as age and
social background. 
Mass Media 
-Includes forms of communication such as books, magazines, newspapers, other print
materials, radio, television, and movies. 

Religion and State 


-Religion exerts a great influence on the views of a person, legitimizes accepted social
practices, and provides stability to society. 
-Meanwhile, state participates in socialization through laws and other regulations that
reinforce appropriate behavior, and help form values and attitudes of the citizens. 

Agents of Socialization and Enculturation


Major Social and Historical Events
-These events can also be significant socializing forces for an entire generation. These
cause vast transformations in the values, attitudes, and views that define societies. 
-But then, this events tend to affect individuals and societies differently. 

CONFORMITY, DEVIANCE, and SOCIAL CONTROL 

Conformity 
-Refers to the process of altering one’s thoughts and actions to adapt to the accepted
behavior within his/her group or society. 
Types of Conformity by Herbert Kelman 
1. Compliance
2. Identification
3. Internalization or acceptance 

Compliance 
-Refers to the outward conformity to social pressure but privately disagreeing with it. 
Identification 
-Refers to the individual adopting a certain behavior because it enables him to have a
satisfying relationship with the members of his/her group. 

Internalization or acceptance 
-Involves both public compliance and internal acceptance of the norms and standards
imposed by the group. 

Deviance 
-Behavior that elicits a strong negative reaction from group members and involves
actions that violate commonly held social norms. 
-What is defined as deviance, however, varies depending on the context of the group or
society. 
-These view lead sociologists to have varied assessments of deviance. 
Different theories: 
1. Structuralist-functionalist
2. Structural Strain Theory
3. Labelling Theory
4. Conflict perspective
5. Broken Windows Theory 

Deviance 
Structuralist-functionalist 
-Considers crime and deviance as the result of structural tensions and lack of moral
regulation within society. 
-Emile Durkheim used the term anomie to refer to the lack of the usual social or ethical
standards in an individual or group. 

Structural Strain
-Theory by Robert Melton 
-It relates deviance to the strain felt by individuals whenever social norms conflict within
reality 

Labelling Theory 
-Believes that there is actually no deviance in society; deviance only emerges when
society begins labelling certain actions as ‘deviant’ or undesirable. 

Conflict Perspective 
-This analizes deviance in the framework of competing interests between social groups
and the maintenance of power among elites. 
-This view considers deviance as a reflection of society’s inequalities as those less
powerful in society or minorities are more likely to be considered as deviant or
criminals. 

Broken Windows Theory 


-This suggest a direct relationship between social disorder and deviance, and that
maintaining even an appearance of order is sufficient to discourage deviance. 

Social Control and Sanctions 


-Social control is defined as any systematic means and practices used to maintain
norms, rules, and laws; regulate a conflict; and discorae deviant behavior. 

Sanctions
-are most common means of social control, and are often employed to address conflicts
and violations of social norms. They can be formal or informal. 

Formal sanctions
-are provided by the laws and other regulations in society. 
Informal sanctions
-are most commonly imposed by smaller societies, communities, or groups. These are
often arbitrarily agreed upon by members of a group or society. 

Human Dignity and Human Rights 


Human Dignity
-refers to the idea that a person has innate right to be valued, respected, and treated
well. 

Human Dignity and Social Rights 


Human rights
-are legal, social, and ethical principles that considers the human person as deserving
of liberties and protections by virtue of his/her human dignity 
-are founded on natural rights. Example: Right to life, and freedom. 
-Human rights are:
1. Universal
2. Fundamental
3. Indivisible
4. Absolute 

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