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    Single Variable Calculus: Department of Mathematics SRM University-AP, Amaravati

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    Sanjana Singamsetty AP21110010018
    This document provides definitions and examples related to geometric series and single variable calculus. It defines geometric series as a series of the form a + ar + ar^2 + ... where a and r are fixed real numbers and discusses when geometric series converge and diverge based on the absolute value of r. It also provides examples of determining if geometric series converge or diverge and finding their sums. Additionally, it discusses combining convergent series using summation rules.

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    Single Variable Calculus: Department of Mathematics SRM University-AP, Amaravati

    Uploaded by

    Sanjana Singamsetty AP21110010018
    41 views11 pages
    This document provides definitions and examples related to geometric series and single variable calculus. It defines geometric series as a series of the form a + ar + ar^2 + ... where a and r are fixed real numbers and discusses when geometric series converge and diverge based on the absolute value of r. It also provides examples of determining if geometric series converge or diverge and finding their sums. Additionally, it discusses combining convergent series using summation rules.

    Original Title

    Slides for SVC (Lecture 5)

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    This document provides definitions and examples related to geometric series and single variable calculus. It defines geometric series as a series of the form a + ar + ar^2 + ... where a and r are fixed real numbers and discusses when geometric series converge and diverge based on the absolute value of r. It also provides examples of determining if geometric series converge or diverge and finding their sums. Additionally, it discusses combining convergent series using summation rules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    41 views11 pages

    Single Variable Calculus: Department of Mathematics SRM University-AP, Amaravati

    Uploaded by

    Sanjana Singamsetty AP21110010018
    This document provides definitions and examples related to geometric series and single variable calculus. It defines geometric series as a series of the form a + ar + ar^2 + ... where a and r are fixed real numbers and discusses when geometric series converge and diverge based on the absolute value of r. It also provides examples of determining if geometric series converge or diverge and finding their sums. Additionally, it discusses combining convergent series using summation rules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Single Variable Calculus

    Department of Mathematics
    SRM University-AP, Amaravati
    Geometric Series

    Definitions
    Geometric series are series of the form
    ∞
    X
    a + ar + ar 2 + · · · + ar n−1 + · · · = ar n−1
    n=1

    in which a and r are fixed real numbers and a 6= 0.


    Convergence and Divergence of the Geometric Series
    Convergence and Divergence of the Geometric Series
    Convergence and divergence of the geometric series
    If |r | < 1, the geometric series a + ar + ar 2 + · · · + ar n−1 + · · · converges to
    a/(1 − r ) that is
    ∞
    X a
    ar n−1 = , |r | < 1.
    1−r
    n=1

    If |r | ≥ 1, the geometric series diverges.


    Example 1: Determine if the following geometric series converges or
    diverges. If a series converges, find its sum.
    1 1 1 1
    (i) 9
    + 27
    + 81
    + 243
    + ···

    5 5 5
    (ii) 5 − 4
    + 16
    − 64
    + ···

    (iii) 1 + (−3) + (−3)2 + (−3)3 + (−3)4 + · · ·


    Example 2: Express the repeating decimal 5.232323 · · · as the ratio of two
    integers.
    Example 3: Express the repeating decimal 0.06666 · · · as the ratio of two
    integers.
    Combining Series

    Theorem
    P P
    If an = A and bn = B are convergent series then
    P P P
    1 Sum Rule: (an + bn ) = an + bn = A + B
    P P P
    2 Difference Rule: (an − bn ) = an − bn = A − B
    P P
    3 Constant Multiple Rule: kan = k an = kA (any number k ).
    Examples: Find the sums of the following series.
    P∞ 2n +5
    (a) n=0 3n

    3n−1 −1
    P∞
    (b) n=1 6n−1
    P∞ 4
    (c) n=0 2n

    Note:
    1 Every nonzero constant multiple of a divergent series diverges.
    P P P P
    2 If an converges and bn diverges, then (an + bn ) and (an − bn )
    both diverge.

    Reference
    Thomas’ Calculus, 14th Edition by Pearson ( George B. Thomas, JR.
    Joel Hass, Christopher Heil and Maurice D. Weir), 2018.

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