Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
35 views

Math I - 19SCIB01P: Implicit Differentiation Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1) The document covers topics on implicit differentiation, inverse trigonometric functions, and their derivatives. It provides examples of finding derivatives using implicit differentiation, as well as evaluating and simplifying inverse trigonometric functions. 2) The key steps in implicit differentiation are differentiating both sides of an equation with respect to x and then solving for the derivative term. 3) Inverse trigonometric functions are defined in terms of their corresponding trigonometric functions, and have restricted domains depending on the function.

Uploaded by

Ibrahim Hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views

Math I - 19SCIB01P: Implicit Differentiation Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1) The document covers topics on implicit differentiation, inverse trigonometric functions, and their derivatives. It provides examples of finding derivatives using implicit differentiation, as well as evaluating and simplifying inverse trigonometric functions. 2) The key steps in implicit differentiation are differentiating both sides of an equation with respect to x and then solving for the derivative term. 3) Inverse trigonometric functions are defined in terms of their corresponding trigonometric functions, and have restricted domains depending on the function.

Uploaded by

Ibrahim Hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Math I - 19SCIB01P

Lecture 5
 Implicit Differentiation
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Implicit Differentiation

Note that

𝑑 𝑑
𝑥 = 1. But 𝑦 = 𝑦′ ≠ 1.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Example 1 Find 𝑦′ 𝑥 for 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 3 − 2𝑦 = 3. Then, find the


equation of the tangent line at the point 2,1 .
Implicit Differentiation
Solution We have 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 3 − 2𝑦 = 3 . Differentiating
both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get

𝑑 2 𝑑 3 𝑑 𝑑
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑦 = 3 ,
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
∴ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 −2 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Solving for we get
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 ′ 𝑥 .
= = 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2
Implicit Differentiation

Solution Substituting 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 1, we find that the


slope of the tangent line at the point 2,1 is

2 2
𝑦′ 2 = 2
= −4 = 𝑚.
2−3 1
The equation of the tangent line is then
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑥0
∴ 𝑦 − 1 = −4 𝑥 − 2
Implicit Differentiation
Example 2 Find 𝑦′ 𝑥 for 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 = 4 − 4𝑦.

Solution Differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥,


we get
𝑑 2 2 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑥 𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 4 − 4𝑦 ,
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
∴ 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥 𝑦 −2=0−4 .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Solving for 𝑑𝑥 we get
𝑑𝑦 1 − 𝑥𝑦 2
= 2 .
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 + 2
Implicit Differentiation
Example 3 Find 𝑦′′ 𝑥 for 𝑦 2 + sin 𝑦 + 𝑥 2 = 4.

Solution Differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥,


we get
2𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 ′ cos 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 0.
Once again we get
2𝑦 ′ 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′′ cos 𝑦 − 𝑦 ′ 𝑦′ sin 𝑦 + 2 = 0.
Solving for 𝑦′′ we get
𝑦′ 2
sin 𝑦 − 2 − 2
𝑦 ′′ = .
2𝑦 + cos 𝑦
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦= sin−1 𝑥 if and only if 𝑥 = sin 𝑦 and − ≤ 𝑦 ≤ .
2 2

𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = sin 𝑥 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 on − , 𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥
2 2
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
𝑦 = cos −1 𝑥 if and only if 𝑥 = cos 𝑦 and 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝜋.

𝑦 = cos 𝑥 on 0, 𝜋 𝑦 = cos −1 𝑥
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦= tan−1 𝑥 if and only if 𝑥 = tan 𝑦 and − < 𝑦 < .
2 2

𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = tan 𝑥 on − ,
2 2
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦= sec −1 𝑥 if and only if 𝑥 = sec 𝑦 and 𝑦 ∈ 0, ∪ ,𝜋 .
2 2

𝑦 = sec 𝑥 on 0, 𝜋 𝑦 = sec −1 𝑥
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
3 1
Example 4 Evaluate a sin−1 2
and b cos −1 − 2 .

Solution a We look for the angle 𝜃 in the interval


𝜋 𝜋 3 𝜋 3
−2,2 for which sin 𝜃 = which is . Then, sin−1 =
2 3 2
𝜋
.
3

b We look for the angle 𝜃 in the interval 0, 𝜋 for


1 2𝜋 1 2𝜋
which cos 𝜃 = −2 which is . Then, cos −1 −2 = .
3 3
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Example 5 Simplify sin cos−1 𝑥 and tan cos−1 𝑥 .

Solution Assume 𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥, then 𝑥 = cos 𝜃. For 𝑥 > 0,


draw the triangle shown.

opp
Then, sin cos −1
𝑥 = sin 𝜃 = = 1 − 𝑥 2.
hyp

Similarly,

opp 1−𝑥 2
tan cos −1
𝑥 = tan 𝜃 = adj
= 𝑥
.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
𝑑 1
Example 6 Prove that sin−1 𝑥 = for −1 < 𝑥 < 1.
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 2

Solution Let 𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥 , then 𝑥 = sin 𝑦 . Differentiating


both sides by 𝑥.
Then,
1 1
1= 𝑦 ′ cos 𝑦 ⟹ 𝑦′ = = .
cos 𝑦 1 − sin2 𝑦

1
∴ 𝑦′ = .
1 − 𝑥2
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

𝑑 1 𝑑 1
sin−1 𝑥 = csc −1 𝑥 =−
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1

𝑑 1 𝑑 1
cos−1 𝑥 =− sec −1 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1

𝑑 1 𝑑 1
tan−1 𝑥 = 1+𝑥2 cot −1 𝑥 = − 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Example 7 Compute the derivative of
a cos −1 3𝑥 2 b sec −1 𝑥 3 2

Solution
𝑑 −1 𝑑 −6𝑥
a cos−1 3𝑥 2 = 2
3𝑥 = .
𝑑𝑥 1 − 3𝑥 2 2 𝑑𝑥 1 − 9𝑥 4

𝑑 𝑑
b sec −1 𝑥 3 2
=2 sec −1 𝑥 3 sec −1 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑 3𝑥 2
=2 sec −1 𝑥 3 𝑥3 =2 sec −1 𝑥 3 .
𝑥3 𝑥 3 2 −1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥 6 −1

You might also like