St.

Mary’s Academy of Hagonoy

Hagonoy, Bulacan
S.Y 2020 – 2021

LEARNING MODULE No. 1

Subject/Level: Basic Calculus Gr./Section: Gr. 11 – O.L. I.C. /O.L. P.H. /O.L.G.
Quarter: Third

UNIT TITLE: Basic Calculus: LIMITS, CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIATION

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
1. Illustrate the limit of a function using table of values and the graph of the function
2. Disinguish between limx→c f(x) and f(c)
3. Illustrate the limit laws
4. Apply the limit laws in evaluating the limit of algebraic functions (polynomial, rational and
radical)
5. Compute the limits of exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions using table of
values and graphs of the functions
sin t 1−cos t et −1
6. Evaluate limits involving expressions , and using table of values
t t t
7. Illustrate continuity of a function at a number
8. Determine whether a function is continuous ata number or not
9. Illustrate continuity of a fuction on an interval
10. Determine whether a function is continuous on an inetrval or not
11. Illustrates the tangent line to the graph of a function at a given point
12. Applies the definition of derivatives of a function at a given number
13. Relate the derivative of a function to the slope of the tangent line
14. Determine the relationship between differentiability and continuity of a function
15. Derive the differentiation rules
16. Apply the differentiation rules in computing the derivative of an algebraic, exponential, and
trigonometric functions
17. Solve optimization problems
18. Compute higher order derivative s of a function
19. Illustrate the Chain Rule of differentiation
20. Solve problems using Chain Rule
21. Illustrate implicit diferentiation

LESSON 1: Date: _______

Limits from Tables and Graphs
I. OBJECTIVES:
Students will:
1. know the concepts of limit of a function using tables of values and graphs
2. be able to illustrate the limit of a function using table of values and the graph of the
function
II. PRELIMINARIES:
Complete the table of values of the following equations:
1. y = 4x + 6
 X –2 –1 0 1 2
Y

2. y = x2 + 2x – 4
X –2 –1 0 1 2
Y

3. y = x3 – 8
X –2 –1 0 1 2
Y

Use Aralinks for APK

Why are limits important?
III. LESSON DEVELOPMENT:
CONCEPTS:
The limits of a function f(x) is the value it approaches as the value of x approaches a certain value.
“as x approaches a, the limit of f(x) approaches L”. This is written in symbols as;
lim f ( x )=L a is a real number
x→ a
The arrow pointing a indicates that x is approaching a from the left side and from the right
side. This means that x can take on values less than a and values greater than a. It cannot take
the exact value of a because it is just approaching By using table of values it can illustrates the
values of x.

Example 1: Find the lim

x →5
¿ (x + 1).
The meaning of x →5 , indicates that x is approaching 5 from the left side and to the right side.
Construct the table of values of x less than 5 and another table of values greater than 5 the
values of x cannot be exactly 5 because it is just approaching 5.

Table of Values of x less than 5

x 3.0 3.5 4 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.99
f ( x ) 4.0 4.5 5 5.1 4.3 5.6 5.7 5.9 5.99

Table of Values of x greater than 5

x 7.0 6.5 6 5.9 5.7 5..6 5.4 5.1 5.01
f ( x ) 8.0 7.5 7 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.01

Hence, the lim

x →5
¿ (x + 1) = 6 these table of values can be graph to the Cartesian Plane
Y
(5,6)

x
 2
Example 2: Find the lim ¿ x −5 x + 4 .
x →5
x−4
Since the denominator is x – 4, and then substitute the value of x = 4 them the final answer
will be undefined. So to avoid undefined, factor first the numerator and then divide the
terms and substitute 4 to the remaining terms, then the answer is not undefined.
Factors of x2 – 5x + 4 are (x – 4) (x – 1)
lim ¿ x −5 x + 4 = ( x−4 ) (x−1) = (x – 1)
2

x →5
x−4 x−4

x 1 1.5 2 2.3 2.6 3.3 3.6 3.9

f (x) 0 0.5 1 1.3 1.6 2.3 2.6 2.9
The graph is a straight line.

ONE SIDED LIMIT:

In a one sided, x approaches a certain value only from one side of that value; that is x
approaches the value either from the left or from the right side of that value.
a. Left – hand Limit:
The function f ( x ) has a left – hand limit L if x approaches a from the left side; that is, from
the values less than a.
Example: Let f ( x ) = √ x−3 Evaluate x→ lim ¿ f ( x )
3–

Solution: The lim ¿ √ x−3 does not exist because √ x−3 is not a real number if x ¿ 3.
x→ 3 –

b. Right – hand Limit:

The function f ( x ) has a right – hand limit L if x approaches from the right side : that is ,
from the values greater than a.
Example: Let f ( x ) = √ x−3 Evaluate x→lim 3+¿¿
¿ f (x)

Solution: The lim ¿ √ x−3 does exist because √ x−3 is a real number if x ¿ 3.
x→ 3+¿¿
By constructing the table of values it determined the equation exist in a right – hand limit.

X 12 7 4 4.5 4.24 3.9 3.11

f (x) 3 2 1 1.22 1.11 0.949 0.332
IV. INTEGRATION:
1. IGNACIAN CORE VALUE: Service
RELATED VALUE: Humility
How can you be humble if you already know your limitations in life?
2. LESSON ACROSS DISCIPLINE: Science – Physics – Speed
What must be done if you are in a hurry in going to school and the speed of the tricycle is limited?
V. EVALUATION/ ASSESSMENT:
Exercise 1: Evaluate the following limits:
LESSON 2: Date: _______
Limit Laws
I. OBJECTIVES:
Students will:
1. know the importance of theorems or laws on limits
2. be able to * disinguish between limx→c f(x) and f(c)
* illustrate the limit laws
*apply the limit laws in evaluating the limit of algebraic functions (polynomial,
rational and radical)
II. PRELIMINARIES:
 1. What are the Laws of Exponents?
Simplify the following and identify the laws involve.
a. (4x2y4)(2x3y5z3) = ________________, _____________________________-

b. (4x2y4)3 (2x3y5z3)4 = ____________________, ________________________

8 2 5
16 a b c
c. 4 8 5 = _______________________, ____________________________
8a b c

2. What are the laws of logarithm?

Identify each law from the given example.
a. log2 (16)(32) = _______________________, ____________________

81
b. log3 = ________________________, ____________________
9

c. log5 (253)(1252) = ___________________, _________________

3. Is there a need to have laws in our self-limitations? Why?

4. What are the laws or theorems of limits of algebraic functions?

III. LESSON DEVELOPMENT:

II.

Infinite Limits:
If the function values decrease or increase without bounds as the independent variable gets
Closer and closer to a certain fixed number, then the function has an infinite limit.

Hence, the function has an infinite limit if the limit of the denominator is 0 and the limit of the
numerator is not 0.

Example: Find the limits of the following:

1. x→ lim ¿ 3 = * To solve the given equation make a table of values and the
+¿
5 ¿ x−5
values of x are greater than 5 but are getting closer to 5.
X 6 5.9 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.01 5.001
 f(x) 3 3.33 6 10 30 300 3000
Answer: Since the values of x becomes smaller and approaches 5, the values of f(x) becomes
larger and larger. Then it appears that the
lim ¿ 3 = +∞
+¿
x→ 5 ¿ x−5

lim ¿ 3 = * To solve the given equation make a table of values and the
2. x→ 5 ¿ x−5
−¿

3. Type equation here . Values of x are smaller than 5 but are getting closer to 5.
X 4 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.9 4.99 4.999
f(x) –3 –3.33 –4.29 –6 –30 –300 –3000
Answer: Since the values of x approaches 5 from the left or as the value of x gets closer to 5,
the values of f(x) becomes smaller and smaller. Then it appears that the
lim ¿ 3 = – ∞
−¿
x→ 5 ¿ x−5

3. lim ¿ 3 lim ¿ 3
≠ lim ¿ 3
x →5
❑
x−5
= Does not exist Therefore x→ 5 ¿ x−5 x →5 ¿ x−5
+¿ −¿

III. LIMITS AS X APPROACHES ZERO 0

If r is a positive integer, then
1. x→ lim ¿ 1 = +∞ 2. lim ¿ 1 = ⌊ +∞ ,if r is even number ⌋ ,
+¿
0 ¿ x
r −¿
x→ 0 ¿ x
r
– ∞ ,if r is odd number

IV. LIMITS AT INFINITY

In infinite limits, the values of the function decrease or increase without bound as the
independent variable approaches a certain fixed number. This time the independent variable either
decreases or increases without bound.
If n is a positive integer, then
1. x→lim ¿ 1 = 0 lim ¿ 1 = 0
2. x→+∞
n n
–∞
x x

V. LIMITS AT INFINITY OF POLYNOMIALS

If r is any possible integer, then
+∞ ,if r is even number
1. lim ¿ xr = +∞
x→+∞
2. lim ¿ xr
x→−∞
= ⌊ – ∞ ,if r is odd number ⌋

IV. INTEGRATION:
1. IGNACIAN CORE VALUE: Service
RELATED VALUE: Humility
How can you be humble if you were already in the high position in your company, are you exempted
with the laws?
2. LESSON ACROSS DISCIPLINE: Science – Physics
What must be applied in third law of Newton it?
V. EVALUATION/ ASSESSMENT:
LESSON 3: Date: _______
Limits of Exponential, Logarithmic and Trigonometric Functions
I. OBJECTIVES:
Students will:
1. know the components of limits on logarithmic, exponential and trigonometric functions
2. be able to * compute the limits of exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions using
table of values and graphs of the functions
t
sin t 1−cos t e −1
* evaluate limits involving expressions , and using table of
t t t
values

II. PRELIMINARIES:
 What is the difference of exponential functions from algebraic functions?
 What are the parts of an exponential equation?
 What are the parts of a logarithmic equation?
 What are the three major functions of Trigonometric function?
Use Aralinks for APK
III. LESSON DEVELOPMENT:
I. LIMITS OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS:
An exponential functions a function in which the exponent is a variable. It is in the form of:
f(x) = bx
Where b = base which is any real number such that b¿0, and b ≠ 1
X = any real number, which is the exponent of the base

The limits of exponential functions can be computed using table of values and graphs.

lim ¿3x using

Example 1: From the given exponential function f(x) = 3x , evaluate the x→+∞
table of values and graph.
Solution: Table of values:

x –3 – 2 – 1 0 1 2 3 4
f(x 0.037 0. 111 0.333 1 3 9 27 81

The Graph: y

lim ¿3x = +∞
Therefore: x→+∞
 ()
x
1
Example 2: From the given exponential function f(x) = , evaluate the
3

()
x
lim ¿ 1 using table of values and graph.
x→+∞ 3
Solution: Table of values:

x –3 – 2 – 1 0 1 2 3 4
f(x 27 9 3 1 0.333 0. 111 0.037 0.012

The Graph: y

lim ¿3x = 0
Therefore: x→+∞

Summary:
1. If b¿ 1
a. lim ¿bx = +∞ b. lim ¿ bx = 0
x→+∞ x→−∞

2. If 0 ¿ b ¿ 1
a. lim ¿bx = 0 b. lim ¿ bx = +∞
x→+∞ x→−∞

II. LIMITS OF THE NATURAL EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

The exponential function with base e is frequently used in advanced mathematics.
The natural exponential function is f(x) = ex where e = 2.718281828…
The limit of a natural exponential can be determined by using table of values and graphs.

Summary:
1. lim ¿ex = +∞ 2. lim ¿ ex = 0
x→+∞ x→−∞

3. lim ¿e– x = 0 b. lim ¿ e – x = +∞

x→+∞ x→−∞

III. LIMITS OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

 The exponential functions of the form y = f(x) = bx then y = bx. the inverse of y = bx which is
x = by is also a function. For b ¿ 0 and b ≠ 1, the logarithmic function y = logb x is equivalent
to x = by
The limits of logarithmic function can be determined by constructing the table of values and
graphs.

SUMMARY:
lim ¿
1. lim log b x = +∞
x→+∞ ; b¿0 2. +¿
x→ 0 log b ¿ x= – ∞ ; b¿0

lim ln (x ) = +∞
3 x→+∞ 4. lim ¿= –∞
−¿
x→ 0 ln( x)¿

sin t 1−cos t et −1
IV. LIMITS OF TRIGONOMETIC FUNCTIONS , and
t t t
1. lim ¿ sin t = 1 , lim ¿ sin t
=1
t→0 ¿
−¿
t t→0 ¿
+¿
t

2. lim ¿ 1−cos t = 0 , lim ¿ 1−cos t = 0

−¿
t→0 ¿ t t→0 ¿
+¿
t

3. lim ¿ e −1 = 1
t lim ¿
, +¿
t
e −1 =1
t
−¿
t→0 ¿ t→0 ¿
t

IV. INTEGRATION:
1. IGNACIAN CORE VALUE: Service
RELATED VALUE: Justice
How can you serve other people with your own limitations?
2. LESSON ACROSS DISCIPLINE: Algebra
What must be the quotient when you divide a number by zero? What does it mean??
V. EVALUATION/ ASSESSMENT:
Exercise 1: Evaluate the following limits
1. lim ¿3x
x→+∞
6. lim ¿3x x→−∞

2. lim ¿ 4x lim 5x
7. x→+∞
x→−∞

3. lim
x→ ∞
(0.2) x lim (0.3)x
8. x→+∞

lim ¿44x
4. x→+∞ 9. lim ¿ e2x
x→ ∞

lim ¿e-x
5. x→+∞ 10. lim ¿ e5x
x→−∞

Exercise 2: Construct the table of value and the graph, and then find the indicated limits.
1. lim 4 xx→+∞
4. lim ¿6x x→−∞
 lim ¿)x
2. x→+∞ lim log 4 x ❑
4. x→+∞

LESSON 4: Date: _______

Continuity
I. OBJECTIVES:
Students will:
1. know the components of limits on continuity
2. be able to * illustrate continuity of a function at a number
* determine whether a function is continuous ata number or not

II. PRELIMINARIES:
What must be the limit of an exponential function as x approaches 0 of Cos x/x?

lim 4 x , construct the table of values and the graph.

Find the indicated limits of x→+∞

III. LESSON DEVELOPMENT:

CONTINUITY AT A NUMBER:
A function f(x) is said to be continuous at the number a if all the following three conditions are
satisfied.
1. f(a) exists
2. lim
x→ a
¿ f(x) exists

3. lim ¿ f(x) = f(a)

x→ a

If any one or more of the above three conditions fail, the function f(x) is said to be
discontinuous at a number a.

Example 1: Determine whether f(x) = 5x2 – 3x + 1 is continuous at x = 2.

Solution: 1. First Condition: f(a) exist
f(x) = 5x2 – 3x + 1 Substitute the value of x in the given function
f(2) = 5x2 – 3x + 1
= 5(2)2 – 3(2) + 1
f(2) = 15
2. Second Condition: lim x→ a
¿ f(x) exists
lim ¿ f(2) = 5x2 – 3x + 1
x →2
= 5(2)2 – 3(2) + 1
lim ¿ f(2) = 15
x →2

3. Third Condition limx→ a

¿ f(x) = f(a)
lim ¿ f(2) = f(2)
x →2
15 = 15

*The three conditions are satisfied. Then the function is continuous at x = 2

 2
x +2 x−15
Example 2: Determine whether f(x) = is continuous at x = 3.
x−3
Solution: 1. First Condition: f(a) exist
x2 +2 x−15
f(x) = Substitute the value of x in the given function
x−3
(3)2 +2(3)−15
f(3) =
3−3
0
=
0
f(3) = indeterminate ∞
2. Second Condition: lim ¿ f(x) exists
x→ a
2
lim ¿ f(3) = x +2 x−15
x →3
x−3
( x−3)(x +5)
=
x −3
lim ¿ f(3) = (x + 5)
x →3

= lim ¿x + lim ¿5
x →3 x →3

= 3+5
=8
3. Third Condition lim
x→ a
¿ f(x) = f(a)
lim ¿ f(3) ≠ f(3)
x →2
8 = indeterminate
*The three conditions does not satisfied. Then the function is discontinuous at x = 3

IV. INTEGRATION:
1. IGNACIAN CORE VALUE: Service
RELATED VALUE: Courage
What would you do if you have problems and you need to accomplish things consistently?
2. LESSON ACROSS DISCIPLINE: Trigonometry
How do you prove trigonometric identities?
V. EVALUATION/ ASSESSMENT:
Exercise 1: Prove that each function is continuous at the point indicated
1. f(x) = 3x2 – 4x + 2 at x = 2
2. f(x) = 2x2 + 4x – 1 at x = – 1
3. f(x) = x2 – 6x + 3 at x = 3
4. f(x) = 3x2 – x + 7 at x = – 2
5. f(x) = x2 – 6x – 3 at x = 4
x2 −16
6. f(x) = at x = 5
x−4
2
x −4
7. f(x) = at x = 1
x −2
x2 −25
8. f(x) = at x = 2
x−5
 x2 −8 x+16
9. f(x) = at x = 4
x −4
2
x −6 x−16
10. f(x) = at x = 2
x−2

LESSON 5: Date: _______

The Derivative of a Function and Slope of the Tangent Line
I. OBJECTIVES:
Students will:
1. know the concepts of derivative of a function and the slope of the tangent line
2. be able to * illustrates the tangent line to the graph of a function at a given point
*applies the definition of derivatives of a function at a given number
*relate the derivative of a function to the slope of the tangent line

II. PRELIMINARIES:
1. What is slope?
2. What is the equation of finding the slope of a line?
3. In Trigonometric function, what is the ratio of Tangent Funstion?

Use Aralinks for APK

III. LESSON DEVELOPMENT:
In coordinate geometry, the slope of a non-vertical line is defined as the ratio of the vertical
change to the corresponding horizontal change. That is the quotient of the change of y and the change
in x. it can also be defined as the tangent of its angle of inclination θ.
change of y Δ y Delta y y 2− y 1
1. Slope =
change of x
= Δ x ¿ Delta x = x −x
2 1

change of y Δ y Delta y y 2− y 1
2. Tangent θ =
change of x
= Δ x = Delta x ¿ x −x
2 1

DERIVATIVES OF ALGEBRAIC POLYNOMIALS

To find the derivative of Algebraic Functions/Polynomials use Delta Method of finding the
derivatives of functions.
DELTA METHOD:
Step 1: In the given equation replace x with x + Δx and y with y + Δy then simplify.
Step 2: Find Δy by subtracting the given equation from the equation obtained in Step 1. Simplify
Step 3: Divide both sides of the equation obtained in step 2 by Δx. Simplify.
Step 4: Find the limit as Δx.→0.
Δy dy
After simplifying the limit the answer will be in =
Δx dx

Example 1; Find the derivative of y = 6x + 8.

Solution: Use Delta Methos:
Step 1: In the given equation replace x with x + Δx and y with y + Δy then simplify
y = 6x + 8.
 y + Δy = 6(x + Δx) + 8 then Simplify
y + Δy = 6x + 6Δx + 8
Step 2: Find Δy by subtracting the given equation from the equation obtained in Step 1.
y + Δy = 6x + 6Δx + 8
– (y = 6x + 8)
Δy = 6Δx
Step 3: Divide both sides of the equation obtained in step 2 by Δx. Simplify
Δy 6 Δx
=
Δx Δx

Δy dy
= = 6 So the derivative of y = 6x + 8 = 6
Δx dx

Example 2: Find the derivative of y = 6x2 + 8.

Solution: Use Delta Methods:
Step 1: In the given equation replace x with x + Δx and y with y + Δy then simplify
y = 6x2 + 8.
y + Δy = 6(x + Δx)2 + 8 then Simplify
= 6( x2 + 2x Δx + (Δx)2) + 8
y + Δy = 6x2 + 12x Δx + 6(Δx)2 + 8
Step 2: Find Δy by subtracting the given equation from the equation obtained in Step 1.
y + Δy = 6x2 + 12x Δx + 6(Δx)2 + 8
– (y = 6x2 + 8)
2
Δy = 12xΔx + 6(Δx)
Step 3: Divide both sides of the equation obtained in step 2 by Δx. Simplify
Δy 12 xΔx
= + 6 ¿ ¿ = 12x + 6 Δx
Δx Δx
Step 4: Find the limit as Δx.→0.
Δy dy Δxlim Δy
=¿ = →0 = Δxlim ¿12x + 6 Δx) = lim ( 12 x ) + lim (6 Δx)
Δx dx Δx
→0 Δx → 0 Δx → 0

dy
dx
= 12x + 0 = 12x , the derivatives of y = 6x2 + 8 is 12x.

Example 3; Find the derivative, slope of the line, tangent line and normal line of y = 6x 2 + 8
at point (2, 3)
Solution: A. Use Delta Method to find first the derivative:
Step 1: In the given equation replace x with x + Δx and y with y + Δy then simplify
y = 6x2 + 8.
y + Δy = 6(x + Δx)2 + 8 then Simplify
= 6( x2 + 2x Δx + (Δx)2) + 8
y + Δy = 6x2 + 12x Δx + 6(Δx)2 + 8
Step 2: Find Δy by subtracting the given equation from the equation obtained in Step 1.
y + Δy = 6x2 + 12x Δx + 6(Δx)2 + 8
– (y = 6x2 + 8)
2
Δy = 12xΔx + 6(Δx)
Step 3: Divide both sides of the equation obtained in step 2 by Δx. Simplify
 Δy 12 xΔx
Δx
= Δx + 6 ¿ ¿ = 12x + 6 Δx
Step 4: Find the limit as Δx.→0.
Δy dy Δxlim Δy
=¿ = →0 = Δxlim ¿12x + 6 Δx) = lim ( 12 x ) + lim (6 Δx)
Δx dx Δx
→0 Δx → 0 Δx → 0

dy
= 12x + 0 = 12x , the derivatives of y = 6x2 + 8 is 12x.
dx
B. SLOPE:
To find the slope of the function use the value of x in the coordinate of a point ( 2, 3)
dy
then x = 2. Substitute the value of x in the derivative of the function
dx
= 12x
dy
*Slope = = 12(2) = 24 , m = 24
dx

C. TANGENT LINE:
To find the equation of tangent Line use the equation of a line in point – slope equation.
( y – y1) = m(x – x1), substitute the value of x = 2, y = 3 and m = 24. Then simplify the
equation in standard form.
( y – 3) = 24 ( x – 2) → y – 3 = 24x – 48 → y = 24x – 45
*Equation of Tangent Line : 24x – y – 45 = 0

D. NORMAL LINE:
To solve for the normal line get first the slope of the normal line which is the negative
reciprocal of the slope of the tangent line.
1 1
mn = – =–
m 24
Then use the equation of a line in point – slope equation.
1
( y – y 1) = m(x – x1), substitute the value of x = 2, y = 3 and m = –
24
. Then simplify
the
equation in standard form.
1
( y – 3) = – ( x – 2) → 24 ( y – 3) = – 1( x – 2) ) → 24y – 72 = – x + 2
24
*Equation of Normal Line: x + 24y – 74 = 0
.
IV. INTEGRATION:
1. IGNACIAN CORE VALUE: Excellence
RELATED VALUE: Discipline
Why do we need to be disciplined in following the different laws or rules and regulations inside
and outside our school?
2. SOCIAL ORIENTATION: Conservation of the Environment
How can we change our environment to a clean one??

V. EVALUATION/ ASSESSMENT:
Exercise 1: Find the derivative for each function using delta method.
1. y = 12x – 9 6. y = 4x2 – 3x + 2
 2. y = 8x + 6 7. y = x3 + 2x + 1
3. y = 12x2 – 9 8. y = x3 – 8
4. y = x2 + 2x + 1 9. y = 2x3 – 3x + 2
5. y = 3x2 + 4x – 4 10. y = 3x3 + 2x2 + 9

Exercise 2: Find the derivative, the slope of the curve, equation of tangent line and equation
normal line of the following functions at a given point.
1. y = x2 – 24 at ( 2, 4)
2. y = 18 – 6x2 at ( 1, 3)
3. y = 4x2 – 9 at ( – 1, – 3)
4. y = 3x2 + 2 at (1, 5)
5. y = x2 + 4x + 4 at ( 3, 4)
6. y = 2x2 – 3x + 13 at ( – 2, – 3)
7. y = 3x2 + 4x + 10 at ( – 4, 10
8. y = 4x2 + 2x – 7 at ( 3, – 3)
9. y = x3 – x2 + x + 1 at ( 1, 1)
10. y = x3 – 3x2 + 2x + 1 at ( 2, 5)

LESSON 6: Date: _______

Differentiation Rules for Algebraic Functions
I. OBJECTIVES:
Students will:
1. know the importance of differentiation rules on algebraic functions
2. be able to * derive the differentiation rules
*apply the differentiation rules in computing the derivative of an algebraic,
exponential, and trigonometric functions

II. PRELIMINARIES:
Find the derivative of the function . y = 4x3 + 2x2 + 9x + 3 using delta method.
What is the process of finding the derivative of the given function?
How can be find the derivative of the functions without using delta method?
Use Aralinks for APK
III. LESSON DEVELOPMENT:
DIFFERENTIATION RULES FOR ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS
1. CONSTANT RULE;
dy d
If c is any constant and y = f(x) = c for all x, then = c = f’(x) = 0
dx dx
dy
Note: f’(x) = y’ = = first degree derivative
dx
Example: Find the derivative of the function f(x) = 8 or y = 8
dy
Answer: =¿f’(x) = y’= 0
dx
2. POWER RULE:
d n
If y = xn is a power function for some positive integer n, then x = nxn – 1 , where n is the
dx
power of x which is a positive integer
 Example 1: Find the derivative of the function y = .x3 , where n = 3
y’ = 3x3 – 1
Answer: y’ = 3x2
Example 2: Find the derivative of the function y = .x5 , where n = 5
y’ = (5)x5 – 1
Answer: y’ = 5x4
Example 3: Find the derivative of the function y = x6 + 8 , where n = 6
y’ = (6)x6 – 1 + 0
Answer: y’ = 6x5
3. IDENTITY FUNCTION RULE
dy
If y = x, then = 1 . Using power rule y = x1 → y’ = 1x1 – 1 = x0 = 1 = y’
dx

Example 1: Find the derivative of the function y = 4x.

y’ = 4(1) = 4 ; then the answer is y’ = 4
4. CONSTANT MULTIPLE RULE
d d
If c is a constant and f(x) is a differentiable function, then
c f(x) = c f(x). This means
dx dx
that the derivative of a constant multiplied by a function is equal to the constant times the
derivative of the original function.

Example 1: Find the derivative of the function y = 4x6. C = 4, and n = 6

y’ = 4(6)x6 – 1
Answer: y’ = 24x5
Example 2: Find the derivative of the function y = 8x9. C = 8, and n = 9
y’ = 8(9)x9 – 1
Answer: y’ = 72x8
5. SUM AND DIFFERENCE RULE
d d d
If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable functions, then (f(x) ± g(x)) = f(x) ± g(x). This
dx dx dx
means
that the derivative of two differentiable functions is equal to the sum or difference of their
derivatives.

Example 1: Find the derivative of the function y = 4x3 – 3x2 + 5x – 8.

y’ = 4(3)x3-1 – 3(2)x2-1 + 5(1)x1 - 1 – 0
Answer: y’ = 12x2 – 6x + 5

6. PRODUCT RULE
d d d
If f(x) and g(x) are both differentiable functions, then (f(x) • g(x)) = f(x) g(x)+ g(x)
dx dx dx
f(x).
This means that the derivative of the product of two differentiable functions is the first
function times the derivative of the second function plus the second function times
the derivative of the first function.

Example: Find the derivative of the function y = ( 4x – 5) ( 2x + 3)

 First Function = (4x – 5), second function = (2x + 3)
d d
y’ = (4x – 5) (2x + 3) + (2x + 3) (4x – 5)
dx dx
y’ = (4x – 5)(2) + (2x + 3)(4)
y’ = 8x – 10 + 8x + 12
Answer: y’ = 16x + 2

7. QUOTIENT RULE:
If f(x) and g(x) are both differentiable functions at x with g(x) ≠ 0, then
d d
d f (x ) g ( x ) f ( x )−f (x) g ( x)
= dx dx . This means that the derivative of the quotient of
dx g ( x) 2
{g ( x ) }
two differentiable functions equal to the denominator times thee derivative of the num,erator
minus the numerator times the derivative of the denominator, all divided by the square of the
original denominator.
2
( x −8)
Example: Find the derivative of the function y = .
( 4 x+ 6)
d d
( 4 x +6 ) ( x 2−8 ) −( x 2−8 ) ( 4 x+6 )
Y’ = dx dx
2
{4 x +6 }

( 4 x +6 )( 2 x ) −( x 2−8 ) ( 4)
Y’ = 2
{4 x +6 }
8 x2 +12 x−( 4 x2 −32 )
Y’ = 2
{4 x +6 }

2
4 x +12 x +32
Answer: Y’ =
{4 x+ 6 }2

IV. INTEGRATION:
1. IGNACIAN CORE VALUE: Faith
RELATED VALUE: Communion
How do you take your responsibility to be united with God
2. LESSON ACROSS DISCIPLINE: Science – Technology
What product of Science and Technology substituted to prolong the life of the patient?

V. EVALUATION/ ASSESSMENT:
Exercise 1: Find the derivative for each function using the rules on differentiation.
1. y = 12x – 9 6. y = 4x2 – 3x + 2
2. y = 8x + 6 7. y = x3 + 2x + 1
3. y = 12x2 – 9 8. y = x3 – 8
2
4. y = x + 2x + 1 9. y = 2x3 – 3x + 2
5. y = 3x2 + 4x – 4 10. y = 3x3 + 2x2 + 9

Exercise 2: Find the derivative for each function applying product rule.
 1. y = (x2 – 3) (4x + 8) 6. y = (x2 – 3)2
2. y = (4x2 – 5) (5x + 3) 7. y = (3x2 – 2x)2
3. y = (3x2 – 2x) (3x + 4) 8. y = (x3 + 2x + 1) (5x + 3)
4. y = (x3 + 2x) (4x2 + 5) 9. y = (3x2 + 4x – 4) (4x2 – 5)
5. y = (4x + 3)2 10. y = (3x3 + 2x2 + 9) (x3 + 2x)

Exercise 3: Find the derivative for each function applying quotient rule
(2 x−8) ( x 2−3 x+ 2)
1. y = 6. y =
( x +6) (2 x−1)
2
(x −3) (3 x 2−2 x−3)
2. y = 7. y = 2
(2 x−4 ) ( x −3)
2 2
(2 x +2) (3 x −3)
3. y = 8. y = 2
(3 x +3) ( x −3 x+ 5)
2
(2 x −3 x) ( 4 x 3 +4 )
4. y = 9. y = 3
(3 x+ 1) (2 x −3 x+ 4)
(3 x 2−x) (3 x 2−x +1)
5. y = 10. y =
(x 2−3) (2 x 2−3 x−2)

LESSON 7: Date: _______

The Chain Rule
I. OBJECTIVES:
Students will:
1. know the concepts of chain rule
2. be able to * illustrate the Chain Rule of differentiation
*solve problems using Chain Rule

II. PRELIMINARIES:
Find the derivative of the following functions
1. y = (3x3 + 2x) (2x2 + 5)
2
( x −3 x)
2. y =
(4 x +1)
How did you get the derivative of the given functions?
Is there any method that you can use to short cut or short method or easy method of
finding the derivative of a functions? Identify the method.

III. LESSON DEVELOPMENT:

The Chain Rule is use to find the derivative of polynomial functions with two or more terms which
are raised in the power greater than or less than one (1). It is also needed in computing the
derivative of trigonometric functions and exponential functions.
dy dy du
if u = g(x) and y = f{g(x)}, then = •
dx du dx
In solving the derivative of a function raised to any power grater or less than 1, first differentiate
the exponent by using power rule for derivatives then differentiate the polynomial inside the
parenthesis. This may be called the “inner function”.
 Example 1: Find the derivative of the function y = ( 4x + 6)2 using chain rule.
Solution: y = ( 4x + 6)2 use power rule
d
y’ = 2 ( 4x + 6)2 – 1 ( 4x + 6) then simplify
dx
y’ = 2 ( 4x + 6)(4)
y’ = 8 ( 4x + 6)
Answer: y’ = 32x + 48

Example 2: Find the derivative of the function y = (4x2 + 6x – 5 )4 using chain rule.
Solution: y = (4x2 + 6x – 5 )4 use power rule
d
y’ = 4(4x2 + 6x – 5)4 – 1 (4x2 + 6x – 5 ) then simplify
dx
y’ = (4) (4x2 + 6x – 5)3 (8x + 6)
y’ = 4(8x + 6) (4x2 + 6x – 5)3
Answer: y’ = (32x + 24) (4x2 + 6x – 5)3

Example 3: Find the derivative of the function y = √ (4 x+ 6) using chain rule.

Solution: y = ( 4x + 6)1/2 use power rule
d
y’ = ½ ( 4x + 6)1/2 – 1 ( 4x + 6) then simplify
dx
y’ = ½ ( 4x + 6) – ½ (4)
Answer: y’ = 2( 4x + 6) – ½

IV. INTEGRATION:
1. IGNACIAN CORE VALUE: Service
RELATED VALUE: Courage
What would you do if you have problems and you need to accomplish things consistently.
2. LESSON ACROSS DISCIPLINE: Science (Measurement)
How do you find the area of a circle ?
V. EVALUATION/ ASSESSMENT:
Exercise 1: Differentiate the following functions using chain rule.
1. y = ( 3x + 6)3 6. y = ( x2 + 6x - 2)2
2. y = ( 3x2 + 6)4 7. y = (2x2 - 3x + 5)3
3. y = ( x3 – 2x)3 8. y = (x3 + 6x2 – 2x + 4)5
4. y = √ (3 x +6) 9. y = ( x2 + 6x - 2)– 4
5. y = √3 ¿ ¿ 10. y = ( x2 - 2)4 ( 6x + 4)

LESSON 8: Date: _______

Differentiation Rules for Exponential and Trigonometric Functions
I. OBJECTIVES:
Students will:
1. know the importance of differentiation rules on exponential and trigonometric functions
2. be able to apply the differentiation rules in computing the derivative of an
exponential, and trigonometric functions
II. PRELIMINARIES:
Find the derivative of the function y = ( 2x2 + 6x - 2) – ½ using chain rule.
 How did you solve the derivative of the given polynomial function?
Can we use the method of chain rule in getting the derivative of the trigonometric function and
exponential function?

Use Aralinks for APK

III. LESSON DEVELOPMENT:
I. DERIVATIVE OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION
d
1. Derivative of Sine Function: Sin x = Cos x
dx
Example: Find the derivative of y = Sin (5x)
d
Solution: y’ = Cos (5x) (5x)
dx
y’ = Cos (5x) 5
Answer: y’ = 5 Cos (5x)

d
2. Derivative of Cosine Function: Cos x = – Sin x
dx
Example: Find the derivative of y = Cos (6x)
d
Solution: y’ = – Sin (6x) (6x)
dx
y’ = – Sin (6x) 6
Answer: y’ = – 6 Sin (6x)

d
3. Derivative of Tangent Function: Tan x = Sec2 x
dx
Example: Find the derivative of y = Tan(6x)
d
Solution: y’ = Sec2(6x) (6x)
dx
y’ = Sec2(6x) 6
Answer: y’ = 6 Sec2 (6x)

d
4. Derivative of Cosecant Function: Csc x = – Csc x Cot x
dx
Example: Find the derivative of y = Csc(6x)
d
Solution: y’ = – Csc (6x) Cot (6x) (6x)
dx
y’ = – Csc (6x) Cot (6x) 6
Answer: y’ = – 6 Csc (6x) Cot (6x)

d
5. Derivative of Secant Function: Sec x = Sec x Tan x
dx
Example: Find the derivative of y = Sec (6x)
d
Solution: y’ = Sec (6x) Tan (6x) (6x)
dx
y’ = Sec (6x) Tan(6x) 6
Answer: y’ = 6 Sec (6x) Tan(6x)
 d
6. Derivative of Cotangent Function: Cot x = – Csc2 x
dx
Example: Find the derivative of y = Cot(6x)
d
Solution: y’ = – Csc2 (6x) (6x)
dx
y’ = – Csc2 x (6x) 6
Answer: y’ = – 6 Csc2 (6x)

II. THE DERIVATIVE OF THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

d x x
. 1. The Derivative of ex : If y = ex, then e = e . This can be combined with the chain rule. If u is a
dx
d u ud
function of x, then e= e u.
dx dx
Example: Differentiate y = e5x+7
d
Solution: y’ = e5x+7 (5x + 7)
dx
y’ = e5x+7 (5)
Answer: y’ = 5 e5x+7

d x x
2.The Derivative of ax : If y = ax , then a = a ln a. If u is a function of x,
dx
d u u d
then a = a ln a u
dx dx

Example: Differentiate y = 86x

d
Solution: y’ = 86x ln 8 (6x)
dx
y’ = 86x ln 8 (6)
Answer: y’ = (6) 86x ln 8

IV. INTEGRATION:
1. IGNACIAN CORE VALUE: Faith
RELATED VALUE: Strong Faith in God
How did Jesus multiply the bread for the need of the people? How did it divided equally to the
people?
2. LESSON ACROSS DISCIPLINE: TRIGONOMETRY
What are the quantities to be measured in a TRIANGLE? How do we apply it in our everyday life?

V. EVALUATION/ ASSESSMENT:
Exercise 1:
LESSON 9: Date: _______
Implicit Differentiation
I. OBJECTIVES:
Students will:
1. know the components of implicit differentiation
2. be able to illustrate implicit diferentiation

II. PRELIMINARIES:
Find the derivatives of the trigonometric function y = 3Sin (4x4).
How did you simplify the given function?
What method is used in getting the derivative of exponential function ex?
III. LESSON DEVELOPMENT:
IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION – In this step there’s no need ti write the equation in the form of
y = f(x). Here are the steps in simplifying implicit differentiation:
1. Differentiate both side of the equation with respect to x.
dy
2. Isolate all terms on the left side.
dx
dy
3. Then simplify the equation to get the derivative of
dx
2 2
Example: Differentiate x + y = 64 using implicit differentiation.
Solution: x2 + y2 = 64
Step 1: Differentiate both side of the equation with respect to x.
d 2 d 2 d
x + y = 64 simplify the equation
dx dx dx
dy
2x + 2y = 0
dx
dy
Step 2: Isolate all terms on the left side
dx
dy dy
2y = – 2x Divide the equation by 2y so that the left side will only be
dx dx
2y 2y
dy −x
Answer: =
dx y

HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVE:

dy −x
Get the second degree derivative of =
dx y
dy dy
d2 y −x y ( – 1 )−(−x ) (− y ) + x dy −x
2 = = dx = dx = Substitute =
dx y 2 2 dx y
y y
2 2 2
−x
(− y ) + x (− y ) − x − y −x 2
− y −x
2
1
= y = y = y = • 2 = −1 ¿ ¿ ¿ Substitute x2 +
2 2 2 y y
y y y
y2 = 64
2
d y −64
Answer: 2 = y” =
dx y3

IV. INTEGRATION:
1 IGNACIAN CORE VALUE: Service
RELATED VALUE: Courage
What would you do if you have problems and you need to accomplish things consistently.
2.LESSON ACROSS DISCIPLINE: Science
Differentiate speed from velocity.

V. EVALUATION/ ASSESSMENT:
 Ex
e rci
s e
1:
Prepared by: Checked by:

Ms. Maribeth del Rosario

Teacher S.A.C. – Date SHS Coor. – Date Directress/ Principal -
Date