PRODUCT

SPECIFICATION
BY:
MUHAMAD ZAKI BIN YUSUP
IAR DEPARTMENT
•How to translated a customer needs into
precise targets for the remaining development effort?

•How could the team agree on what would constitute

success or failure of the resulting product design?

•How could the team develop a confidence a substantial

share of the suspension for market
market??

•How could the team resolve the inevitable

rade-offs among product characteristics like cost & weight?
trade-

PRODUCT
SPECIFICATION
- specific guidance - to design & engineer the product
- represent an unambiguous agreement team will attempt to
achieve to satisfy the customer needs.
Example:
Mountain Bike Suspension Fork

Customer needs – easy to install/maintenance

Specification - average time to assemble the fork to the frame – 75 sec
Terminology used:

Product
Requirement

labeled
Engineering with the
Specification
Characteristics appropriate
unit

Technical
Specification
 Concept Development Process
Mission Development
Statement Identify Establish Generate Select Test Set Plan Plan
Customer Target Product Product Product Final Downstream
Needs Specifications Concepts Concept(s) Concept(s) Specifications Development

Perform Economic Analysis

Benchmark Competitive Products

Build and Test Models and Prototypes

Target Specs Final Specs

Based on customer Based on selected
needs and concept, feasibility,
benchmarking models, testing, and
trade--offs
trade
The Product Specs Process

Set Target Specifications

Based on customer needs and benchmarks

Develop metrics for each need

Set ideal and acceptable values

Refine Specifications

Based on selected concept and feasibility testing

Technical modeling

Trade-offs are critical

Reflect on the Results and the Process

Critical for ongoing improvement
 - goals of the development team
- specifications will be refined based on the
limitations of the product concept actually
selected

4 steps:

1.
1.Prepare
Prepare the list of metrics.

2.
2.Collect
Collect competitive benchmarking information.
information.

3. Set ideal and marginally acceptable target values.

3.Set values.

4.
4.Reflect
Reflect on the results and the process.
 1.
1.Prepare
Prepare the list of metrics.
Start with the Customer Needs
# NEED Imp
1 The suspension reduces vibration to the hands. 3
2 The suspension allows easy traversal of slow, difficult terrain. 2
3 The suspension enables high speed descents on bumpy trails. 5
4 The suspension allows sensitivity adjustment. 3
5 The suspension preserves the steering characteristics of the bike. 4
6 The suspension remains rigid during hard cornering. 4
7 The suspension is lightweight. 4
8 The suspension provides stiff mounting points for the brakes. 2
9 The suspension fits a wide variety of bikes, wheels, and tires. 5
10 The suspension is easy to install. 1
11 The suspension works with fenders. 1
concept of specifications
Need #s
Metric #

Metric Imp Units

1 1,3 Attenuation from dropout to handlebar at 10hz 3 dB
2 2,6 Spring pre-load 3 N
3 1,3 Maximum value from the Monster 5 g
4 1,3 Minimum descent time on test track 5 s
5 4 Damping coefficient adjustment range 3 N-s/m
6 5 Maximum travel (26in wheel) 3 mm
7 5 Rake offset 3 mm
8 6 Lateral stiffness at the tip 3 kN/m
9 7 Total mass 4 kg
10 8 Lateral stiffness at brake pivots 2 kN/m
11 9
Establish Metrics and Units
Headset sizes 5 in
Metrics Exercise:
Ball Point Pen
Customer Need:
The pen writes smoothly.
 1.
1.Prepare
Prepare the list of metrics.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Link Metrics to Needs

Attenuation from dropout to handlebar at 10hz

Damping coefficient adjustment range

Minimum descent time on test track
Maximum value from the Monster

Lateral stiffness at brake pivots

Maximum travel (26in wheel)
Metric

Lateral stiffness at the tip

Steertube length
Spring pre-load

Headset sizes

Wheel sizes
Rake offset

Total mass
Need
1 reduces vibration to the hands. • • •
2 allows easy traversal of slow, difficult terrain. •
3 enables high speed descents on bumpy trails. • • •
4 allows sensitivity adjustment. •
5 preserves the steering characteristics of the bike. • •
6 remains rigid during hard cornering. • •
7 is lightweight. •
8 provides stiff mounting points for the brakes. •
9 fits a wide variety of bikes, wheels, and tires. • • •
10 is easy to install.
11 works with fenders.
 2. Collect competitive benchmarking information
Benchmark on Customer Needs

Rox Tahx Quadra

Rox Tahx Ti 21
ST Tritrack

Tonka Pro
Maniray 2
# NEED Imp
1 The suspension reduces vibration to the hands. 3 • •••• •• ••••• ••
2 The suspension allows easy traversal of slow, difficult terrain. 2 •• •••• ••• ••••• ••• •••••
3 The suspension enables high speed descents on bumpy trails. 5 • ••••• •• ••••• ••
4 The suspension allows sensitivity adjustment. 3 • •••• •• ••••• ••
5 The suspension preserves the steering characteristics of the bike. 4 •••• •• • •• ••• •••••
6 The suspension remains rigid during hard cornering. 4 • ••• • ••••• • •••••
7 The suspension is lightweight. 4 • ••• • ••• •••• •••••
8 The suspension provides stiff mounting points for the brakes. 2 • •••• ••• ••• •• •••••
9 The suspension fits a wide variety of bikes, wheels, and tires. 5 •••• ••••• ••• ••••• •••
10 The suspension is easy to install. 1 •••• ••••• •••• •••• •••••
11 The suspension works with fenders. 1 ••• • • • • •••••
 2. Collect competitive benchmarking information

Benchmark on Metrics

Rox Tahx Quadra

Rox Tahx Ti 21
ST Tritrack

Tonka Pro
Maniray 2
Need #s
Metric #

Metric Imp Units

1 1,3 Attenuation from dropout to handlebar at 10hz 3 dB 8 15 10 15 9
2 2,6 Spring pre-load 3 N 550 760 500 710 480
3 1,3 Maximum value from the Monster 5 g 3.6 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.7
4 1,3 Minimum descent time on test track 5 s 13 11.3 12.6 11.2 13.2
5 4 Damping coefficient adjustment range 3 N-s/m 0 0 0 200 0
6 5 Maximum travel (26in wheel) 3 mm 28 48 43 46 33
7 5 Rake offset 3 mm 41.5 39 38 38 43.2
8 6 Lateral stiffness at the tip 3 kN/m 59 110 85 85 65
9 7 Total mass 4 kg 1.409 1.385 1.409 1.364 1.222
10 8 Lateral stiffness at brake pivots 2 kN/m 295 550 425 425 325
1.000 1.000
1.000 1.125 1.000 1.125 1.000
11 9 Headset sizes 5 in 1.125 1.250 1.125 1.250 1.125
150 150
180 140 150 170 150
210 165 170 190 190
230 190 190 210 210
12 9 Steertube length 5 mm 255 215 210 230 220
26in
13 9 Wheel sizes 5 list 26in 26in 26in 700C 26in
 3. Set ideal and marginally acceptable target values
Assign Marginal and Ideal Values

Marginal Value

Ideal Value
Metric Units
1 Attenuation from dropout to handlebar at 10hz dB >10 >15
2 Spring pre-load N 480 - 800 650 - 700
3 Maximum value from the Monster g <3.5 <3.2
4 Minimum descent time on test track s <13.0 <11.0
5 Damping coefficient adjustment range N-s/m 0 >200
6 Maximum travel (26in wheel) mm 33 - 50 45
7 Rake offset mm 37 - 45 38
8 Lateral stiffness at the tip kN/m >65 >130
9 Total mass kg <1.4 <1.1
10 Lateral stiffness at brake pivots kN/m >325 >650
1.000
1.000 1.125
11 Headset sizes in 1.125 1.250
150
150 170
170 190
190 210
12 Steertube length mm 210 230
26in
 4. Reflect on the Results and the Process

- ensure that the results are consistent with

the goals of the project

- Are any specifications missing?

missing?

- Do the specifications reflect the characteristics

that will dictate commercial success?

SELECT A
CONCEPT
 4. Reflect on the Results and the Process

Concept Development Process

Mission Development
Statement Identify Establish Generate Select Test Set Plan Plan
Customer Target Product Product Product Final Downstream
Needs Specifications Concepts Concept(s) Concept(s) Specifications Development

Perform Economic Analysis

Benchmark Competitive Products

Build and Test Models and Prototypes

Target Specs Final Specs

Based on customer needs Based on selected concept,
and benchmarking feasibility, models, testing,
and trade-offs
 After finalizes the
choice of a concept

5 step process:

1.Develop technical models of the product.

1.Develop

2.Develop a cost model of the product.

2.Develop

3.
3.Refine
Refine the specifications
specifications,, making trade-
trade-offs where necessary

4.
4.Flow
Flow down the specifications as appropriate.

5.
5.Reflect
Reflect on the results and the process.
 1.
1.Develop
Develop technical models of the product.

- tool for predicting the values of the metrics for a particular set of
design decisions

- able to produce accurately model of product for analysis

- minimize the no. of experiments , design-

design-of
of--experiments (DOE)
techniques can be used

2. Develop a cost model of the product.

- to make sure that the product can be produced at the target cost

- manufacturing cost , profits , competitive price

- facilitated by a purchasing expert and a production engineer.

- bill of materials (BOM) is used

 3. Refine the specifications
specifications,, making trade-
trade-offs where necessary

-One important tool for supporting this decision

decision--making process is the
competitive map
Perceptual Mapping Exercise
Crunch

KitKat
Opportunity?
Nestlé
Crunch

Hershey’s
w/ Almonds

Hershey’s
Milk Chocolate

Chocolate
 3. Refine the specifications
specifications,, making trade-
trade-offs where necessary

Specification Trade-
Trade-offs
120
Rox Tahx Ti 21
Estimated Manufacturing Cost ($)

110
Maniray 2 Trade-off Curves
Estimated Mfg. Cost ($)

Gunhill Head for Three Concepts

100
Shox

90
.

Rox Tahx Quadra

80 marginal values Tonka Pro

70
ST Tritrack
60 ideal values

50
3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4

Score
Score on
on Monster (Gs)
Monster (Gs)
 4. Flow down the specifications as appropriate.
Set Final Specifications
METRIC Units Value
1 Attenuation from dropout to handlebar at 10hz dB >12
2 Spring pre-load N 650
3 Maximum value from the Monster g <3.4
4 Minimum descent time on test track s <11.5
5 Damping coefficient adjustment range N-s/m >100
6 Maximum travel (26in wheel) mm 43
7 Rake offset mm 38
8 Lateral stiffness at the tip kN/m >75
9 Total mass kg <1.4
10 Lateral stiffness at brake pivots kN/m >425
1.000
11 Headset sizes in 1.125
150
170
190
210
12 Steertube length mm 230
13 Wheel sizes list 26in
14 Maximum tire width in >1.75
-used to define the
development objectives
 5. Reflect on the results and the process
Quality Function Deployment (House of Quality)
Is the product a winner? How much uncertainty is there in the
technical and cost models?

Is the concept chosen by the team best

technical suited to the target market
correlations
Should the firm
relative engineering initiate a formal
importance metrics effort to develop
better technical
models of some
aspect of the
benchmarking product's
customer
on needs performance for
needs
relationships between future use?
customer needs and
engineering metrics

target and final specs

SUMMARY
•Specifications typically established at least twice.
twice. ((after
after identifying the customer needs,
needs, &
after concept selection and testing)
testing)

•Target specifications - team knows the constraints of the product concept

•The process of establishing the target specifications entails four steps:

steps:
1.
1.Prepare
Prepare the list of metrics.
2.
2.Collect
Collect competitive benchmarking information.
3.
3.Set
Set ideal and marginally acceptable target values.
4.
4.Reflect
Reflect on the results and the process.

•Final specifications - by assessing actual technological , production costs using analytical

and physical models. Trade
Trade--offs characteristics of the product is considered.
•The five-
five-step process for refining the specifications is:
1.
1.Develop
Develop technical models of the product.
2.
2.Develop
Develop a cost model of the product.
3.
3.Refine
Refine the specifications, making trade-
trade-offs where necessary.
4.
4.Flow
Flow down the specifications as appropriate.
5.
5.Reflect
Reflect on the results and the process.

-list of metrics, the needs-

needs-metrics matrix, the competitive benchmarking charts, and the
competitive maps used to facilitated the specification process.

-specifications process requires active participation from team members representing

esenting the
marketing, design, and manufacturing functions of the enterprise.