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Module 4 Language of Functions and Relations

This document discusses functions and relations. It defines relations as sets of ordered pairs and explains that a relation shows relationships between two or more variables. A function is a special type of relation where each input is mapped to exactly one output. The document discusses the different types of relations, including one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-one relations. It also explains how functions can be represented using tables, mappings, ordered pairs, and graphs. The document provides examples of defining and analyzing relations and determining if they represent functions.

Uploaded by

Erizza Javier
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
75 views

Module 4 Language of Functions and Relations

This document discusses functions and relations. It defines relations as sets of ordered pairs and explains that a relation shows relationships between two or more variables. A function is a special type of relation where each input is mapped to exactly one output. The document discusses the different types of relations, including one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-one relations. It also explains how functions can be represented using tables, mappings, ordered pairs, and graphs. The document provides examples of defining and analyzing relations and determining if they represent functions.

Uploaded by

Erizza Javier
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 4

THE LANGUAGE OF FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS

WHAT ARE RELATIONS?


- A relation pertains to the relationships (0,1) ⇒
𝑥+𝑦
=
0+1
=
1
2 2 2
between two or more variables (0,2) ⇒
𝑥+𝑦
=
0+2
=
2
=1
2 2 2
- In Mathematics, relations are sets of ordered
pairs (x,y).
(0,3) ⇒ = =
𝑥+𝑦 0+3 3
➔ x - come from a set called domain 2 2 2

- First coordinates
2. Is -1 R 1? Is 0 R 2? Is 0 R 3?
- Independent variables
Is -1 R 1? →Yes, because (-1,1) is an element of R
- Thought as inputs
Is 0 R 2? →Yes, because (0,2) is an element of R
➔ y - come from a set called range
Is 0 R 3?→No, because (0,3) is not an element of R
- Second coordinates
- Dependents variables
3. What is the domain and range of R?
- Thought as outputs
Given: A = {-1,0} and B = {1,2,3}

R: {(1,7), (2,11), (3,6), (4,8), (5,32)}


Domain: {1,2,3,4,5}
Range: {6,7,8,11,32}
Domain: {-1,0}
RELATION AS A SUBSET Range: {1,2,3}

Let A = {-1,0} and B = {1,2,3}, and define a


WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF RELATIONS?
relationship R from A to B as follows:
Given: any (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ A x B, 1. One-to-one relation
2. One-to-many relation
(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ R means that is an integer. 3. Many-to-one relation
𝑥+𝑦
2

1. One-to-one relation
1. State explicitly which ordered pairs are in A x
B and which are in R.
2. Is -1 R 1? Is 0 R 2? Is 0 R 3?
3. What is the domain and range of R?

1. State explicitly which ordered pairs are in A x B


and which are in R. 2. One-to-many relation
Given: A = {-1,0} and B = {1,2,3}, element of R
𝑥+𝑦
2

(-1,1) ⇒ = = =0
𝑥+𝑦 −1 + 1 0
2 2 2
3. Many-to-one relation
(-1,2) ⇒ = =
𝑥+𝑦 −1 + 2 1
2 2 2

(-1,3) ⇒ = = =1
𝑥+𝑦 −1 + 3 2
2 2 2
WHAT ARE FUNCTIONS?
- A function is a relation between a
dependent and independent variable/s
where in for every value of the independent FUNCTIONS VS RELATIONS
variable, (x or input), there exists a unique or - Functions is a subset
a single value of the dependent variable, (y of relations
or output). - All functions are
relations, but not all
relations are
functions.

Which of the types of relations are functions?


- Function - for every value of the
independent variable, (x or input), there
exists a unique or a single value of the
dependent variable, (y or output).

FUNCTIONS AS A MACHINE 1. One-to-one relation → Function ✓


2. One-to-many relation → Not a Function ✗
3. Many-to-one relation → Function ✓

WAYS OF REPRESENTING FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS


1. Table
2. Mapping
3. Ordered pairs (x,y)
4. Graph (Cartesian plane)
5. Equation - y = f(x)

Express y = x+ 1 in various forms. Determine if it is a


function or not a function.
Solution: Let x = {-2,-1,0,1,2}
Exercise 2:
Define a relation C from R (set of real numbers) to R
as follows: For any (x,y) ∈RxR, (x,y) ∈ C means that
2 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1

a. Is (1,0)∈C?
- Yes, because (1,0) is an ∈ C.
b. Is (0,0) ∈C?
- No, because (0,0) is not an ∈ C.
c. Is ( )∈C?
−1 3
2
, 2

- Yes, because ( ) is an ∈ C.
−1 3
2
, 2

d. Is 2 C 0?
- No, because (2,0) is not an ∈ C.
e. What are the domain and co-domain of C?
- Domain: -1 ≤ x ≤ 1
- Co-domain: -1 ≤ y ≤ 1
f. Draw a graph for C by plotting the points of
C in the Cartesian plane.

Exercise 3:
EXERCISES: Consider the following relations from A to B, where A
Exercise 1: = {2,3,4} and B = {3,4,5,6}. Which of these relations
Given: A = {0,1,2} and B = {0,1}, element of R
𝑥+𝑦
2 are functions?
A x B = {(0,0), (0,1), (1,0), (1,1), (2,0), (2,1)
a. R = {(2,3),(3,4),(4,5)} - Function
a. What are the elements of R? 2 → 3
- R = {0,0}, {1,1}, {2,0} 3 → 4
b. Is 1 R 0? 4 → 5
- No, because (1,0) is not ∈ R. b. R = {(3,3),(3,4)} - Relation
c. Is 2 R 0?
- Yes, because (2,0) is an ∈ R. c. R = {(2,3),(3,4),(4,5),(2,6)} - Relation
d. Is 2 R 1? d. R = {(2,5),(3,5),(4,5)} - Function
- No, because (2,1) is not ∈ R.
e. What is the domain and range of the
relation?
- Domain: {0,1,2}
- Range: {0,1)

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