MODULE 7

OCCIDENTAL MINDORO NHS

Technology and
Livelihood Education
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
MIMAROPA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF OCCIDENTAL MINDORO

Grade Level Grade 9

Learning Area TECHNICAL DRAFTING
Learning Resource Type Text-Based / Digital Based
Material Type Supplementary Learning Resources (SLRs)
Quarter #, Week # (If appli-
cable)
Learning Competency & LO 7. Draft elevations and sections
LC Code TLE_ICTTD912AL-IIg-i-7
Duration 2 weeks
Source CBLM – Drafting Technology
Imelda L. Calabio
Teacher III
Occidental Mindoro National High School
Writer/s
Mamburao, Occidental Mindoro
Contact: 0966663594818
Email: imelda.calabio@deped.gov.ph
Name: Imelda L. Calabio
Designation: Teacher III
Illustrator/ Media Resource
School: Occidental Mindoro National High
Creator
School
District: Mamburao
Evaluation Management Committee
Content Evaluator
IPR Review
Technical Review
Language Review
District LRMDS Chairper-
son
District LRMDS Co-Chair
PSDS

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 Get Started

Hello again, dear learner! How was your experience in studying and answering the first mod-

ule by yourself? I guess it was quite a tough week for you since it’s the first time in educa-

tional history that we have this modular type of learning but I hope you, too have the enthusi-

asm to acquire the knowledge and skills you need to get from every set of competencies as

you get along with the ‘new normal’ and get each module done week by week. Expect that in

every module you will receive there are different tasks, activities and performances that you

will have to accomplish.

As you go through this module, you will be able to

• Draw vertical heights from grade line according to architectural drafting standards

You will have to prepare sheets of paper for your answers which you have to submit on

Monday next week for checking. Please take note also that you will only get the next module

in exchange for all the outputs you submit for the previous module.

I know that you are excited to learn the new topic. Turn to the next page and move your way

until the end of this lesson. Good luck and happy learning!

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 Lesson

7 Draft Elevation

Get Ready

Exercise 1: Puzzling Puzzle

Directions: Find the 10 drafting terms that are hidden in the puzzle which are written right to left, left to right,

horizontally, vertically and diagonally. Write all the words you can find on your answer sheet.

Now, check your answers from the Answer Key at the end of this module.

Did you get it all correctly? I am confident that you have found almost all of the hidden

words.

Now, let’s begin discovering the hidden treasure of this module.

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 Get Informed

Elevation

An architectural elevation is a view of a building showing its height dimension. When el-
evations show the exterior of a residential unit, they are simply called elevations. Interior ele-
vations show the inside of a building. Elevations are the exterior views of a building. They are
necessary in as much as they show the height of the building and its appearance oneach
side. Normally, the four elevations are sufficient to describe the appearance of the resi-dential
building.

Elevation drawings are orthographic drawings. They show the exterior of a building. The
elevation s that part of the building that people see and observe, hence, it is the part they use
to judge the structure.

Normally, the design of the floor plan precedes the designs of the elevation, because
both have a continual relationship in the entire design process. Flexibility is possible in the
design of elevations, even those designed from the same floor plan.

The designer should keep in mind that only horizontal distances can be established on
the floor plan, while that of the vertical distances such as height of doors, windows and roofs
must be shown on the elevation.

As these heights are established, the appearance of the outside and functioning of
heights as well as the internal functioning of the building must be considered.

Preliminary Sketches

The location and proportion of features are very important in the drawing of elevation.
Main attention is given to the proportion of walls and openings. Some of the things to consid-
er in the drawing of elevations are:

• Proportion – deals with the size and shape of areas and their relation to one another.
• Fenestration – deals with the arrangements of windows and doors in a wall.
• Harmony – refers to all features that should harmonize to present a uniform elevation.
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• Shadows – refer to a simple elevation, which can become interesting when designed to
take advantage of shadows.

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Finished Sketches

The finished sketch may be carefully drawn with the use of drawing instruments. Since
these are fairly large scale drawings the exact size of all features together with their correct
representation must be considered. In the drafting of elevations, these are some of the
things to consider:

• Window and Door Size – must be chosen from a manufactures catalog which offers great
variety of sizes. The sizes must be standard that it conforms to the provisions of the
building code.
• Window and Door Representation –in elevation may be drawn simply.
• Material Representation – may be shown by drawing only a few lines, like bricks.
• Footings and Walls – are hidden lines used to indicate location of footings.
• Labeling views – can be done in two methods by labeling it with views as in front, rear,
left and right side elevations, or by using compass orientation as in north, south, east,
and west directions.
• Dimensioning on elevations – are limited to vertical dimensions are shown on the plan.
• Changes – are additions necessary after all the other drawings have been completed.

Elevations are the exterior views of the building

The front view of the building is always referred to as the front. The other elevations are
named according to their position in relation to the front, i.e. right elevation, rear or back ele-
vation, left elevation.

• Eave is the lower portion of a roof which extends beyond the wall.
• Pitch is the term applied to the amount of roof slope, it is found by dividing the heights
of the span.

Elevation Projection
Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan of an architectural drawing just as
the views are projected the front view of an orthographic drawing. All six views are rarely used
to depict architectural structures, instead only four are used. These four elevations are
normally projected on the floor plan.

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Elevation Dimensioning

Dimensions on elevation show the vertical distance from a datum line, which is a refer-
ence line that remains constant. Dimensions on elevation show the height above the datum
or the ground line. Dimensioning elevations must conform to basic standards to ensure con-
sistency of interpretation.

Here are some of the rules in dimensioning:

1. Vertical elevation dimensions should be read from the right of the drawing.
2. Levels to be dimensioned should labeled with a note, term or abbreviation.
3. Room heights are shown by dimensioning from the floor line to the ceiling line.
4. The depth of footings (“footer”) is dimensioned from the ground line.
5. Heights of windows and doors are dimensioned from the floor plan to the top of win-
dows or doors.
6. Elevation dimensions show only vertical distances (height). Horizontal distances (length
and width) are shown on the floor plan.
7. Windows and doors may be indexed to a door or window schedule, or the style of the
windows and doors may be shown on the elevation drawing.
8. The roof pitch is shown by indicating the rise over the run.
9. Dimensions for small, complex or obscure areas should be indexed to a separate detail.
10. Ground-line elevations are expressed as heights above a datum point.
11. Heights of chimneys above the ridge line are dimensioned.
12. Floor and ceiling lines are shown with hidden lines.
13. Heights of planters and walls are dimensioned from the ground line.
14. Thicknesses of slabs are dimensioned.
15. Overall height dimensions are placed on the outside of sub dimensions.
16. Thicknesses of footings are dimensioned.
17. Where space is limited, the alternative method in Fig.38-2 can be used to show feet and inches.

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 Get Ahead

Performance 1: Drafting Elevations

Direction: Follow the procedure below.

1. Lay-out the elevation very lightly using a sharp, hard pencil. Using a divider or a
scale, transfer horizontal dimensions from the floor plan. A scale of 1: 100 or 1:50
meter is used and indicated in the title block or near the drawing. If the plan and
section are drawn to the same scale as the required elevation, the floor planmay
be taped in position and dimension projected directly using triangle and T- square.
Windows and door are located horizontally by projecting from the plan, they are
located vertically by projecting from the window and door details or simply by
aligning the top of the window with the top of the door.

2. Locate the vertical distance of ceiling from floor line, ridge to ceiling line and nat-
ural ground to finished ground line. Indicate also the height of doors and win-
dows.

3. Indicate the thickness of walls, fascia board and other materials seen on eleva-
tion and darken the lines to highlight them.

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4. Draw the elevation details and other architectural materials. The elevation details to be
included will vary depending upon the style of the house, in the case of a residence, the
following details are added:

• roof fascia
• roof beams
• window representation
• gradelines
• material representation
• darkened building outline

5. Indicate the dimension of the vertical distance from the natural ground line to the floor
line and the floor line ceiling, and ceiling line to ridge line. Added elevation dimensions
and notes are.
• height of roof
• height of other features such as masonry wall
• heights of wall
• roof slope indication
• window schedule
• title and notes indicating materials

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 Get Assessed

SELF CHECK NO. 7.1

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet of pa-

per.

1. The views of the buildings are called elevation.

2. The front view of the building is always referred to as the .

3. The other elevations are named according to their in relation to the front.

4. The lower portion of a roof which extends beyond the wall is called __ .

5. is the term applied to the amount of roof slope.

6. Sections are types of drawings which show the _ of a building or structures.

7. A heavy line which shows the exact location where the object is cut.

8. A is a type of section where the cutting plane is drawn horizontally.

9. A _ is a type of section where the cutting plane is drawn vertically.

10. The is the plan where the cutting plane line is drawn.

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Performance 1: Drafting Elevations

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