Personality

 Personality A person’s typical patterns of attitudes, characteristics, and

behavior.
 A relatively stable set of characteristics that influences an individual’s
behavior
 way of thinking, feeling, and behaving
 Personality is the production of socialization because habits develop through
socialization which is the central part of one personality
 The integration of psychological behavior in the individual including sentiments,
attitude, beliefs, ideas habits and skills that is mental and emotional behavior
 The result of habit formation is personality
 While repetitive behavior is the habit of an individual
 Personality traits develop through participation in social life
 The behavior of an individual is the expression of his personality
 Interaction with criminals makes individual criminals and interaction with a good
environment makes a person good i.g. “interaction with intelligent and good
students”
Types of Personality

Extrovert personality
 Highly socialized individual, who likes to live with others
 Like multi-group membership
Introvert personality
 Opposite of extrovert personality, live in their imaginary world and usually
lives in their room
Ambivert personality
 Between the two type
 Moderate socialize enjoying both conditions
 Sometimes like to live alone while sometimes want to live with others
Nature Vs Nurture
 Genetic and social influences on human beings.
 Nurture refers to personal experiences (i.e. empiricism or behaviorism).
 our values and social attitudes are not inborn; they emerge through the
social relations we have with others and our social position in society.
 Nurture refers to your childhood, or how you were brought up.
 While
 Nature is your genes. The physical and personality traits determined
by your genes stay the same irrespective of where you were born and
raised.
 A few examples of biologically determined characteristics (nature)
include certain genetic diseases, eye color, hair color, and skin color.
 Other things like life expectancy have a strong biological component, but
they are also influenced by environmental factors and lifestyle.
 although Natural traits have some influence on culture.
 For example, people may be born with a great capacity for knowledge,
 but without a good education, those people are unlikely to achieve their full
potential and may not be recognized as intellectually gifted.
Self
 An idea of a person about oneself that one has formulated during interaction with a fellow
being.
 An individual takes the views and reactions of others towards oneself and infers an idea about
oneself (himself/herself).
 his/her existence via interaction with others
 No self without interaction so it is social production that arises from the comments of other
about an individual
 The self is the core of personality including ideas about habits, emotions, interests and
feelings, etc.
 Every person develops the self while living with a different group and participating in cultural
life.
 A newly born baby has no self but develops later in a social world.
 The type of behavior of a child is the type of self of the child.
 For example, beliefs such as "I am a good friend" or "I am a kind person“
 self-concept is a collection of beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of
others.
 “Looking-Glass Self” by C.H.Cooley,s
 Charles Horton Cooley (1864–1929) used the phrase looking-glass self to mean a self-
image based on how we think others see us.
 The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept created by Charles Horton
Cooley in 1902.
 The term refers to people shaping their identity based on the perception of others,
which leads people to reinforce other people’s perspectives on themselves.
 People shape themselves based on what other people perceive and confirm other
people’s opinions of themselves.
 Self develops through by a process of imagination of What others think of us.
 How we think other people see us as clever we will think the same way, Clumsy
 Better or worse in varying degrees depending upon the attitude of others
 There are three main components of the looking-glass self:
 First, we imagine how we must appear to others.
 Second, we imagine the judgment of that appearance.
 Finally, we develop ourselves through the judgments of others.
 George Herbert Mead’s Theory of the Social Self
 George Herbert Mead (1863–1931) developed the theory of social
behaviourism to explain how social experience develops an individual’s
personality.
 Mead’s central concept is the self, “the part of an individual’s personality
composed of self-awareness and self-image.”
 Mead’s was in seeing that self as the product of social experience.
 First, Mead said, the self is not there at birth; it develops.
 The self is not part of the body, and it does not exist at birth.
 Mead rejected the idea that personality is guided by biological drives or
biological maturation.
 Second, Mead explained, the self develops only with social experience, as
the individual interacts with others.
 Without interaction, as we see from cases of isolated children, the body
grows, but no self emerges.

 Third, Mead continued, social experience is the exchange of symbols.
 Only people use words, a wave of the hand, or a smile to create
meaning.
 We can train a dog using reward and punishment, but the dog attaches
no meaning to its actions.
 Human beings, by contrast, find meaning in almost every action.
 Fourth, Mead stated that seeking meaning leads people to imagine
other people’s intentions.
 In short, we draw conclusions from people’s actions, imagining their
underlying intentions.
 A dog responds to what you do; a human responds to what you have in
mind as you do it.
 Fifth, Mead explained that understanding intention requires imagining
the situation from the other’s point of view.
 Using symbols, we imagine ourselves “in another person’s views” and
see ourselves as that person does.
 A simple toss of a ball requires stepping outside ourselves to imagine how
another will catch our throw.
 All social interaction involves seeing ourselves as others see us a process
that Mead termed taking the role of the other.

 Mead’s sixth point is that by taking the role of the other, we become self
aware.
 Another way of saying this is that the self has two parts.
 One part of the self operates as the subject, being active and
spontaneous.
 Mead called the active side of the self the “I” (the subjective form of the
personal pronoun).
 The other part of the self works as an object, that is, the way we imagine
others see us.
 Mead called the objective side of the self the “me” (the objective form of
the personal pronoun).
 All social experience has both components: We initiate an action (the I-
phase, or subject side, of self), and then we continue the action based
on how others respond to us (the me-phase, or object side, of self).