Stats 1 Ch7 Hypothesis Testing

Q1.

A potter believes that 20% of pots break whilst being fired in a kiln. Pots are fired in batches of 25.
(a) Let X denote the number of broken pots in a batch. A batch is selected at random. Using a 10%
significance level, find the critical region for a two tailed test of the potter's belief. You should state the
probability in each tail of your critical region.
(4)
The potter aims to reduce the proportion of pots which break in the kiln by increasing the size of the batch
fired. He now fires pots in batches of 50. He then chooses a batch at random and discovers there are 6
pots which broke whilst being fired in the kiln.
(b) Test, at the 5% level of significance, whether or not there is evidence that increasing the number of
pots in a batch has reduced the percentage of pots that break whilst being fired in the kiln. State your
hypotheses clearly.
(5)

(Total for question = 9 marks)

Q2.

The proportion of houses in Radville which are unable to receive digital radio is 25%.
In a survey of a random sample of 30 houses taken from Radville, the number, X, of
houses which are unable to receive digital radio is recorded.
(a) Find P(5 X < 11)
(3)
A radio company claims that a new transmitter set up in Radville will reduce the proportion
of houses which are unable to receive digital radio. After the new transmitter has been set
up, a random sample of 15 houses is taken, of which 1 house is unable to receive digital
radio.
(b) Test, at the 10% level of significance, the radio company's claim. State your
hypotheses clearly.
(5)

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q3.

Sue throws a fair coin 15 times and records the number of times it shows a head.
(a) State the distribution to model the number of times the coin shows a head.
(2)
Find the probability that Sue records
(b) exactly 8 heads,
(c) at least 4 heads.
(2)
Sue has a different coin which she believes is biased in favour of heads. She throws the coin 15 times
and obtains 13 heads.
(d) Test Sue's belief at the 1% level of significance. State your hypotheses clearly.
(6)

(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q4.

A shopkeeper knows, from past records, that 15% of customers buy an item from the display next to the
till. After a refurbishment of the shop, he takes a random sample of 30 customers and finds that only 1
customer has bought an item from the display next to the till.

(a) Stating your hypotheses clearly, and using a 5% level of significance, test whether or not there has
been a change in the proportion of customers buying an item from the display next to the till.
(6)
During the refurbishment a new sandwich display was installed. Before the refurbishment 20% of
customers bought sandwiches. The shopkeeper claims that the proportion of customers buying
sandwiches has now increased. He selects a random sample of 120 customers and finds that 31 of them
have bought sandwiches.

(b) Using a suitable approximation and stating your hypotheses clearly, test the shopkeeper's claim. Use
a 10% level of significance.
(8)
(Total 14 marks)
Q5.

Before Roger will use a tennis ball he checks it using a "bounce" test. The probability that a ball from
Roger's usual supplier fails the bounce test is 0.2. A new supplier claims that the probability of one of their
balls failing the bounce test is less than 0.2. Roger checks a random sample of 40 balls from the new
supplier and finds that 3 balls fail the bounce test.
Stating your hypotheses clearly, use a 5% level of significance to test the new supplier's claim.
(5)

(Total 5 marks)

Q6.

Naasir is playing a game with two friends. The game is designed to be a game of chance so that the

probability of Naasir winning each game is

Naasir and his friends play the game 15 times.
(a) Find the probability that Naasir wins
(i) exactly 2 games,
(ii) more than 5 games.
(3)

Naasir claims he has a method to help him win more than of the games. To test this claim, the three of
them played the game again 32 times and Naasir won 16 of these games.
(b) Stating your hypotheses clearly, test Naasir's claim at the 5% level of significance.
(4)

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q7.

A test statistic has a distribution B(25, p).

Given that
H0 : p = 0.5 H1 : p 0.5

(a) find the critical region for the test statistic such that the probability in each tail is as close as possible
to 2.5%.
(3)
(b) State the probability of incorrectly rejecting H0 using this critical region.
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

Q8.
A company claims that a quarter of the bolts sent to them are faulty. To test this claim the number of
faulty bolts in a random sample of 50 is recorded.
(a) Give two reasons why a binomial distribution may be a suitable model for the number of faulty bolts in
the sample.
(2)
(b) Using a 5% significance level, find the critical region for a two-tailed test of the hypothesis that the

probability of a bolt being faulty is . The probability of rejection in either tail should be as close as
possible to 0.025
(3)
(c) Find the actual significance level of this test.
(2)
In the sample of 50 the actual number of faulty bolts was 8.
(d) Comment on the company's claim in the light of this value. Justify your answer.
(2)
The machine making the bolts was reset and another sample of 50 bolts was taken. Only 5 were found to
be faulty.
(e) Test at the 1% level of significance whether or not the probability of a faulty bolt has decreased. State
your hypotheses clearly.
(6)
(Total 15 marks)

Q9.

Dhriti grows tomatoes. Over a period of time, she has found that there is a probability 0.3 of a ripe tomato
having a diameter greater than 4 cm. She decides to try a new fertiliser. In a random sample of 40 ripe
tomatoes, 18 have a diameter greater than 4 cm. Dhriti claims that the new fertiliser has increased the
probability of a ripe tomato being greater than 4 cm in diameter.
Test Dhriti's claim at the 5% level of significance. State your hypotheses clearly.
(7)

(Total 7 marks)

Q10.

(a) Define the critical region of a test statistic.

(2)
A discrete random variable X has a Binomial distribution B(30, p). A single observation is used to test
H0 : p = 0.3 against H1 : p 0.3
(b) Using a 1% level of significance find the critical region of this test. You should state the probability of
rejection in each
tail which should be as close as possible to 0.005
(5)
(c) Write down the actual significance level of the test.
(1)
The value of the observation was found to be 15.
(d) Comment on this finding in light of your critical region.
(2)

(Total 10 marks)

Q11.

Past records show that 15% of customers at a shop buy chocolate. The shopkeeper believes
that moving the chocolate closer to the till will increase the proportion of customers buying
chocolate.
After moving the chocolate closer to the till, a random sample of 30 customers is taken
and 8 of them are found to have bought chocolate.
Julie carries out a hypothesis test, at the 5% level of significance, to test the shopkeeper's belief.
Julie's hypothesis test is shown below.
H0 : p = 0.15
H1 : p 0.15
Let X = the number of customers who buy chocolate.
X ~ B(30, 0.15)
P(X = 8) = 0.0420
0.0420 < 0.05 so reject H0
There is sufficient evidence to suggest that the proportion of customers buying
chocolate has increased.
(a) Identify the first two errors that Julie has made in her hypothesis test.
(2)
(b) Explain whether or not these errors will affect the conclusion of her hypothesis test.
Give a reason for your answer.
(1)
(c) Find, using a 5% level of significance, the critical region for a one-tailed test of the
shopkeeper's belief. The probability in the tail should be less than 0.05
(2)
(d) Find the actual level of significance of this test.
(1)
(Total for question = 6 marks)