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    10_Wave Optics (1)

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    10_Wave Optics (1)

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    4 views2 pages

    10_Wave Optics (1)

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    CHAPTER

    10 Wave Optics

    Huygen’s Wave Theory ™ Resultant intensity for incoherent sources I = I1 + I2


    ™ Each point source of light is a center of disturbance from ™ Intensity ∝ width of slit ∝ (amplitude)2
    which waves are emitted in all directions. The locus of all
    ( )
    2 2
    I1 W1 A12 I I1 + I 2  A1 + A 2 
    the particles of the medium oscillating in the same phase at a ⇒= = ⇒ max = =  
    ( )  A1 − A 2 
    2
    I 2 W2 A 22 I min I1 − I 2
    given instant is called a wavefront.
    ™ Each point on a wave front is a source of new disturbance, nλD
    called secondary wavelets. These wavelets are spherical and ™ Distance of nth bright fringe yn =
    d
    travel with speed of light in that medium. Path difference= nl
    ™ The forward envelope of the secondary wavelets at any where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, .....
    instant gives the position of the new wavefront.
    ™ In homogeneous medium, the wave front is always
    perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. S1
    Plane wavefront Spherical wavefront
    
    A B d

    S2 d sin

    Primary
    source

    Secondary
    source ™ Distance of mth dark fringe
    ( 2m − 1) λD
    ym =
    2d
    Secondary
    ' wavelets λ
    A' B'
    Path difference = (2m – 1) where m = 1, 2, 3,.....
    2
    Coherent Sources D
    ™ Fringe width b =
    Two sources are coherent if and only if they produce waves of d
    β λ
    same frequency (and hence wavelength) and have a constant ™ Angular fringe width = =
    D d
    initial phase difference.
    ™ If a transparent sheet of refractive index m and thickness t is
    Incoherent sources introduced in one of the paths of interfering waves, optical
    Two sources are said to be incoherent if they have different path will become ‘mt’ instead of ‘t’. Entire fringe pattern shifts
    frequency or initial phase difference varies with time. D ( µ − 1) t 
    β
    by
    d
    ( µ − 1) t towards the side in which the
    =
    λ
    Interference: YDSE thin sheet is introduced without any change in fringe width.
    ™ Resultant intensity for coherent sources φ
    I = 4I0 cos 2  
    I = I1 + I2 + I1I 2 cos φ0 2

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    Diffraction Polarization
    Brewster’s law
    ™ In Fraunhofer diffraction
    m = tanqp ⇒ qp = tan–1m
     For minima a sinqn = nl
    qp → polarization or Brewster’s angle
    λ
     For maxima a sinqn = (2n + 1) Here reflecting and refracting rays are perpendicular to each other.
    2
    2λ D Malus law
     Linear width of central maxima W=
    a I = I0cos2q
    2λ I0 → intensity of incident polarized light.
     Angular width of central maxima Wq =
    a

    26 NEET (XII) Module-3 PW

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