ELECTRICAL MACHINES-II LABORATORY MANUAL 2015

ELECTRICAL MACHINES-II LABORATORY

LAB MANUAL

PREPARED BY,
Er.N.VASANTHAKUMAR M.E,
MBA, (PhD)

HEAD\EEE\RVSPCET

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

RVSPCET

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS FOR EEE LAB COURSES

 Be punctual to the lab class.

 Attend the laboratory classes wearing the prescribed uniform and shoes.
 Avoid wearing any metallic rings, straps or bangles as they are likely to prove dangerous
at times.
 Girls should put their plait inside their overcoat

 Acquire a good knowledge of the surrounding of your worktable. Know where the various
live points are situated in your table.
 In case of any unwanted things happening, immediately switch off the mains in the
worktable.
 This must be done when there is a power break during the experiment being carried out.
 Before entering into the lab class, you must be well prepared for the experiment that you
are going to do on that day.
 You must bring the related text book which may deal with the relevant experiment.
 Get the circuit diagram approved.
 Prepare the list of equipments and components required for the experiment and get the indent
approved.
 Plan well the disposition of the various equipments on the worktable so that the experiment
can be carried out.
 Make connections as per the approved circuit diagram and get the same verified. After
getting the approval only supply must be switched on.

 Get the reading verified. Then inform the technician so that supply to the worktable can be
switched off.
 You must get the observation note corrected within three days from the date of
completion of experiment. Write the answer for all the discussion questions in the
observation note. If not, marks for concerned observation will be proportionately reduced.
 Submit the record note book for the experiment completed in the next class.

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 If you miss any practical class due to unavoidable reasons, intimate the staff in charge and do
the missed experiment in the repetition class.
 Such of those students who fail to put in a minimum of 75% attendance in the laboratory
class will run the risk of not being allowed for the University Practical Examination. They
will have to repeat the lab course in subsequent semester after paying prescribed fee.
 Use isolated supply for the measuring instruments like CRO in Power Electronics
Laboratory experiments.

ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY - II 0032

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Regulation of three-phase alternator by EMF, MMF and ZPF methods.

2. Load test on three-phase alternator.
3. Regulation of three-phase salient pole alternator by slip test.
4. V and Inverted V curves of Three Phase Synchronous Motor.
5. Load test on three-phase squirrel cage induction motor.
6. Load test on three-phase slip ring induction motor.
7. No load and blocked rotor test on three-phase induction motor.
8. Separation of No-load losses of three-phase induction motor.
9. Loss summation method on three-phase induction motor.
10. Load test on single-phase induction motor
11. Determination of Equivalent circuit of single-phase induction motor
12. Speed control of three phase induction motor by V/f method

P = 45 Total = 45

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl.No Experiment Name Page No

1. Regulation of 3-phase alternator by EMF and MMF
methods.
2. Regulation of 3-phase alternator by ZPF method.
3. Regulation of 3-phase alternator by Slip test on 3-phase
alternator.
4. V and inverted V curve of synchronous motors.
5. Load test on 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor.
6. Load test on 3-phase slip ring induction motor.
7. No load and blocked rotor test on 3-phase induction
motor.
8. Separation of losses in three-phase induction motor.
9. Load test on 1-phase induction motor.
10. Equivalent circuit and pre–determination of performance
characteristics of single-phase induction motor.

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EXP.NO. 1

REGULATION OF 3–PHASE ALTERNATOR BY EMF AND MMF METHODS

AIM:
To predetermine the regulation of 3-phase alternator by EMF and MMF methods and also
draw the vector diagrams.

APPARATURS REQUIRED:

SL.NO Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Ammeter MC 0 – 1/2 A 1
2 Ammeter MI 0 – 5/10 A 1
3 Voltmeter MC 0 – 10 V 1
4 Voltmeter MI 0 – 600 V 1
5 Rheostat Wire wound 250 Ω, 1.5 A 1
6 Rheostat Wire wound 1200Ω, 0.8 A 1
7 Tachometer Digital --- 1
8 TPST knife switch -- -- 1

THEORY:
The regulation of a 3-phase alternator may be predetermined by conducting the Open
Circuit (OC) and the Sort Circuit (SC) tests. The methods employed for determination of
regulation are EMF or synchronous impedance method, MMF or Ampere Turns method and the
ZPF or Potier triangle method. In this experiment, the EMF and MMF methods are used. The OC
and SC graphs are plotted from the two tests. The synchronous impedance is found from the OC
test. The regulation is then determined at different power factors by calculations using vector
diagrams. The EMF method is also called pessimistic method as the value of regulation obtained
is much more than the actual value. The MMF method is also called optimistic method as the
value of regulation obtained is much less than the actual value. In the MMF method the armature
leakage reactance is treated as an additional armature reaction. In both methods the OC and SC
test data are utilized.

PRECAUTIONS:

(i) The motor field rheostat should be kept in the minimum resistance position.
(ii) The alternator field potential divider should be kept in the minimum voltage
position.
(iii) Initially all switches are in open position.

PROCEDURE: (FOR BOTH EMF AND MMF METHODS)

1. Note down the name plate details of the motor and alternator.
2. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
3. Switch ON the supply by closing the DPST switch.

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4. Using the Three point starter, start the motor to run at the synchronous speed by adjusting
the motor field rheostat.
5. Conduct Open Circuit test by varying the potential divider for various values of field
current and tabulate the corresponding Open Circuit Voltage readings.
6. Conduct Short Circuit test by closing the TPST switch and adjust the potential divider to
set the rated armature current and tabulate the corresponding field current.
7. The Stator resistance per phase is determined by connecting any one phase stator winding
of the alternator as per the circuit diagram using MC voltmeter and ammeter of suitable
ranges.

PROCEDURE TO DRAW GRAPH FOR EMF METHOD:

1. Draw the Open Circuit Characteristic curve (Generated Voltage per phase VS Field
current).
2. Draw the Short Circuit Characteristics curve (Short circuit current VS Field current)
3. From the graph find the open circuit voltage per phase (E 1 (ph) for the rated short
circuit current (Isc).
4. By using respective formulae find the Zs, Xs, Eo and percentage regulation.

PROCEDURE TO DRAW GRAPH FOR MMF METHOD:

1. Draw the Open Circuit Characteristic curve (Generated Voltage per phase VS Field
current).
2. Draw the Short Circuit Characteristics curve (Short circuit current VS Field current)
3. Draw the line OL to represent

FORMULAE:
1. Armature Resistance Ra = Ω

2. Synchronous Impedance Zs = O.C. voltage

S.C. current

3. Synchronous Reactance Xs = √ Zs2 – Ra2

4. Open circuit voltage for lagging p.f = √(VcosΦ + IaRa)2 + (VsinΦ + IaXs)2

5. Open circuit voltage for leading p.f. = √(VcosΦ + IaRa)2 + (VsinΦ – IaXs)2

6. Open circuit voltage for unity p.f = √(V + IaRa) 2 + ( IaXs)2

7. Percentage regulation = Eo – V x 100

V

REGULATION OF 3-PHASE ALTERNATOR BY EMF AND MMF METHODS

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TABLE:

OPEN CIRCUIT TEST:

Field Current (If) Open Circuit Line Open circuit Phase

S.No. Voltage (VoL) Voltage (Voph)
Amps Volts Volts

SHORT CIRCUIT TEST:

Short Circuit Current (120%

S.No. Field Current (If) to 150% of rated current)
(ISC)
Amps Amps

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REGULATION OF 3-PHASE ALTERNATOR BY EMF AND MMF METHODS

TABLE:
EMF METHOD:

Eph (V) % Regulation

SL.NO. Power
factor Lag Lead Lag Lead

MMF METHOD:

Ifr Eph (V) % Regulation

SL.NO P.F Vph If1 If2 (A)
. (V) (A) (A) Lag Lead Lag Lead Lag Lead

RESULT:
Thus the regulation of 3-phase alternator has been predetermined by the EMF and MMF
methods.

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EXP.NO. 2

REGULATION OF 3-PHASE ALTERNATOR BY ZPF METHOD

AIM:
To predetermine the regulation of three phase alternator by ZPF method and also to draw
the vector diagrams.

APPARATURS REQUIRED:

SL.NO Name of the Apparatus Type Range Quantity

1 Ammeter MC 0 – 1/2 A 1
2 Ammeter MI 0 – 5/10 A 1
3 Voltmeter MC 0 – 10 V 1
4 Voltmeter MI 0 – 600 V 1
5 Rheostat Wire wound 250 Ω, 1.5 A 1
6 Rheostat Wire wound 1200Ω, 0.8 A 1
7 Tachometer Digital --- 1
8 TPST knife switch -- -- 1

FORMULAE USED:

Percentage regulation = Eo – Vrated x 100 (For both POTIER & ASA methods)

Vrated
PRECAUTION:
(i) The motor field rheostat should be kept in the minimum resistance position.
(ii) The Alternator field potential divider should be in the position of minimum
potential.
(iii) Initially all switches are in open position.

PROCEDURE TO DRAW THE POTIER TRIANGLE (ZPF METHOD):

1. Draw the Open Circuit Characteristics (Generated Voltage per phase VS Field Current)
2. Mark the point A at X-axis, which is obtained from short circuit test with full load
armature current.
3. From the ZPF test, mark the point B for the field current to the corresponding rated
armature current and the rated voltage.
4. Draw the ZPF curve which passing through the point A and B in such a way parallel to
the open circuit characteristics curve.
5. Draw the tangent for the OCC curve from the origin (i.e.) air gap line.
6. Draw the line BC from B towards Y-axis, which is parallel and equal to OA.
7. Draw the parallel line for the tangent from C to the OCC curve.
8. Join the points B and D also drop the perpendicular line DE to BC, where the line DE
represents armature leakage reactance drop (IXL)
BE represents armature reaction excitation (Ifa).
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PROCEDURE TO DRAW THE VECTOR DIAGRAM (ZPF METHOD)

1. Select the suitable voltage and current scale.

2. For the corresponding power angle ( Lag, Lead, Unity) draw the voltage vector and
current vector OB.
3. Draw the vector AC with the magnitude of IRa drop, which should be parallel to the
vector OB.
4. Draw the perpendicular CD to AC from the point C with the magnitude of IX L drop.
5. Join the points O and D, which will be equal to the air gap voltage (Eair).
6. Find out the field current (Ifc) for the corresponding air gap voltage (Eair) from the OCC
curve.
7. Draw the vector OF with the magnitude of Ifc which should be perpendicular to the
vector OD.
8. Draw the vector FG from F with the magnitude Ifa in such a way it is parallel to the
current vector OB.
9. Join the points O and G, which will be equal to the field excitation current (If).
10. Draw the perpendicular line to the vector OG from the point O and extend CD in such a
manner to intersect the perpendicular line at the point H.
11. Find out the open circuit voltage (Eo) for the corresponding field excitation current (If)
from the OCC curve.
12. Find out the regulation from the suitable formula.

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RESULT:

Thus the regulation of 3-phase alternator has been predetermined by the Potier methods.

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EXP.NO. 3

REGULATION BY SLIP TEST ON 3-PHASE ALTERNATOR

AIM:
To conduct a slip test on 3-Ф alternator and pre-determine the regulation through vector
diagram.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.no Name of Range Type Quantity

Apparatus
1 Ammeter (0-5)A MI 1
(0-1)A MC 1
2 Voltmeter (0-150)V MI 1
(0-5)V MC 1
3 Rheostat 250 Ω /1.5A 1
4 Tachometer Digital 1
5 TPST Switch 1
6 Connecting As reqd.
Wires

FUSE RATING:

(a)For Motor- 125% of rated current

= 125% of 17A=21.25A=25A

(b)For Alternator- 125% of rated current

=125% of 4A= 5A

THEORY:

In a salient pole alternator, the reactance of magnetic circuit along is along its quad stator axis.
The alternator is driven by auxiliary prime mover at a speed slightly less than the synchronous
speed under these conditions. The armature current is when the armature current mmf is in line
with the field poles. The reactance by the magnetic field current is minimum. The ratio of
maximum voltage to minimum current gives the direct axis impedance and the ratio of minimum
voltage to maximum current gives the armature axis impedance.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. The motor field rheostat should be kept in minimum.

2. The direction of the rotation due to prime mover and the alternator on the motor should
be the same.
3. Initially all the switches are kept open.

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PROCEDURE:

1. Note down the name plate details of motor and alternator.

2. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
3. Give the supply by closing the DPST switch.
4. Using the three point starter, start the motor to run at the synchronous speed by varying
the motor field rheostat at the same time check whether the alternator field has been
opened or not.
5. Apply 20% to 30% of the rated voltage to the armature of the alternator by adjusting the
autotransformer.
6. To obtain the slip and the maximum oscillation of pointers the speed is reduced slightly
lesser than the synchronous speed.
7. Maximum current, minimum current, maximum voltage and minimum voltage are noted.
8. Find out the direct and quadrature axis impedances.

PROCEDURE TO DRAW THE VECTOR DIAGRAM:

1. Draw the line OA that represents the rated voltage V.

2. Draw the line OB vector to represent the rated current I, which makes an angle Φ (it may
lag/lead/in phase) with the voltage.
3. Draw the line AC vector to represent IRa drop, which is parallel to OB vector.
4. Draw the perpendicular line CD to the line AC (IRa drop) that represents IXq drop.
5. Draw the line from the origin through the point D, which represents the no load voltage
(Eo).
6. Draw the pole axis through origin, which should be perpendicular to vector OD.
7. Draw a perpendicular line to the pole axis from the same point E which should pass
through the point B [where vector OE represents Direct Axis Current (Id) and Vector EB
represents Quadrature Axis Current (Iq)].
8. Find out the reactive voltage drops IdXd and IqXq.
9. Draw a parallel line (ie perpendicular to Id) to OD vector from the point C, with the
magnitude of the drop IdXd (Line CF).
10. Draw a parallel line (ie perpendicular to Iq) to OE vector from the point F, with the
magnitude of the drop IqXq (Line FG).
11. Let the point at where the IqXq drop meets the OD line be G. here the vector OG
represents the no load voltage (Eo).
12. Find out the voltage regulation by using the suitable formula.

FORMULAE USED:

1. Rac=1.6Rac Ω
2. Zd = Vmax/Imin Ω
3. Zq = Vmin/Imax Ω
Xd = √Zd2 – Rd2 Ω
4. Xq = √Zq2 – Rd2 Ω
5. Id = Ia sinФ amps
6. Iq = Ia cos Ф amps
7. %Reg = (Eo-V/V)*100

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Where,
Zd = direct axis impedance in Ω
Zq = quadrate axis impedance in Ω
Xd = direct axis reactance in Ω
Xq = quadrate axis reactance in Ω
Id = direct axis current in amps
Ia = quadrate axis current in amps

GRAPH:

Power Factor VS % regulation.

SLIP TEST ON 3-PHASE ALTERNATOR

TABLE:
(i) To find the Direct Axis and Quadrature axis impedances:
S.NO Vmax Vmin Imax Imin

(ii) To predetermine % Regulation:

S.NO
Power Factor % Regulation

Lagging Leading Unity

1 0.2 --

2 0.4 --

3 0.6 --

4 0.8 --

5 1.0

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RESULT:

Thus the pre-determination of regulation of 3-phase alternator by vector diagram was

obtained.

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EXP.NO. 4

V AND INVERTED V CURVE OF THREE PHASE

SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

AIM
To draw the V and inverted V curves of a 3 phase Synchronous Motor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the apparatus Type range Quantity

1 Ammeter MI (0-5)A 2

2. Voltmeter MI (0-600)V 2

3. Ammeter MC (0-2)A 1

4. Rheostat 200Ω,15A 1

5. Wattmeter UPF 600V,5A 2

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PRECAUTION:
(1) The Potential barrier should be in maximum position.
(2) The motor should be started without load .
(3) Initially TPST switch is in open position.

PROCEDURE:
(1) Note down the name plate details of the motor.
(2) Connections are made as pr the circuit diagram..
(3) Close the TPST switch.
(4) By adjustingthe autotransformer from the minimum position to the maximum
position the rated supply is given to motor. The motor starts as an induction motor.
(5) In order to give the excitation to the field for making it to run as the synchronous
motor, close the DPST switch.
(6) By varying the field rheostat note down the excitation current, armature current and
the power factor for various values of excitation.
(7) The same process has to be repeatedfor loaded condition.
(8) Later the motor is switched offand the graph is drawn.

GRAPH:
The graph is drawn for-
(1) Armature current Vs Excitation current.
(2) Power factor Vs Excitation current.

RESULT:

The V-curves and inverted V-curves of the 4 phase synchronous motor have been drawn.

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EXP.NO. 5
LOAD TEST ON 3-PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM:
To draw the performance characteristics of 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor by
conducting load test.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of Range Type Qty.

apparatus
1. Ammeter (0-5)A MI 1
2. Voltmeter (0-600)V MI 1
3. Wattmeter (600V,5A) UPF 2
4. Tachometer Digital 1
5. 3-Ф 1
autotransformer

FUSE RATING;

125% of 4.8A=6A=10A

THEORY:

A 3-phase induction motor consists of stator and rotor with the other associated parts. In the
stator, a 3-phase winding is provided. The windings of the three phase are displaced in space by
120º.A 3-phase current is fed to the 3-phase winding. These windings produce a resultant
magnetic flux and it rotates in space like a solid magnetic poles being rotated magnetically.

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PRECAUTIONS:

1. TPST switch is kept open initially.

2. Autotransformer is kept at min. voltage position.
3. There must be no load when starting the load.

PROCEDURE-

1. Connections are given as per circuit diagram.

2.3-Ф induction motor is started with DOL starter.
3. If the pointer of one of the wattmeter readings reverses, interchange the current coil terminals
and take the reading as negative.
4. The no load readings are taken.
5. The motor is loaded step by step till we get the rated current and the readings of the voltmeter,
ammeter, wattmeter’s, spring balance are noted.

FORMULAE USED-

1) % slip= (Ns-N/Ns)*100
2) Input Power = (W1+W2)watts
3) Output Power = 2∏NT/60 watts
4) Torque = 9.81*(S1-S2)*R N-m
5) % efficiency = (o/p power/i/p power)* 100

GRAPHS-

1) Output Power vs Efficiency

2) Output Power vs Torque
3) Output Power vs Speed
4) Output Power vs %s

RESULT
Thus the performance characteristic of a 3-Ф squirrel cage induction motor by conducting load
test has been drawn.

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EXP.NO. 6

LOAD TEST ON 3-PHASE SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM :
To conduct a direct load test on a 3-phase slip ring induction motor and to draw the
performance characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.NO NAME OF RANGE TYPE QTY.

APPARATUS
1 Ammeter MI 1
(0-10)A
2 Voltmeter (0-600)V MI 1
3 Wattmeter (600V,10A) UPF 2
4 Tachometer Digital 1

FUSE RATING:

FOR- STATOR- 125% 0f 7.5A = 10A

FOR ROTOR – 125% of 11A = 15A

THEORY:

Slip ring induction motor is also called as phase wound motor. The motor is wound
for as many poles as the no. of stator poles and always wound 3-Ф even while the stator is
wound two-phase. The other three windings are brought out and connected to three insulated
slip-rings mounted on the shaft with brushes resting on them. These three brushes are further
externally connected to a three phase star connected rheostat. This makes possible the
introduction of an additional resistance in the rotor circuit during starting period for increasing
starting torque of the motor.

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PRECAUTIONS:

1. TPST switch is kept open initially.

2. The external resistance in the rotor circuit should be kept at max. value.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
2. After observing precautions motor is started on no load.
3. As speed increases, the external resistance is gradually cut out.
4. The no-load readings are taken.
5. If the pointer in one of the wattmeter reverses, interchange the current coil terminals and
take the reading as negative.
6. The meter readings are then noted for various load conditions.

FORMULAE USED:

1. Torque= (S1-S2)*9.81*100 N-m

2. O/P Power= 2πNT/60 watts
3. I /P Power = (W1+W2) watts
4. η % = (o/p power/ i/p power)*100
5. %s = (Ns-N)/Ns*100

GRAPHS:

1. O/P power vs Speed

2. O/P power vs Torque
3. O/P Power vs η
4. O/P Power vs slip
5. Torque vs Speed
6. Torque vs Slip

RESULT:

The load test on 3-Ф slip ring induction motor was conducted and the performance
characteristics curves were plotted.

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EXP.NO. 7

NO LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON 3- PHASE

INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM: To conduct the no load & blocked rotor test on 3- phase induction motor
& to draw the equivalent circuit of 3- phase squirrel cage induction motor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED :-
z
S.NO NAME OF RANGE TYPE QTY
APPARATUS
1. Voltmeter (0-600)V MI 01
(0-150)V MI 01
2. Ammeter (0-10)A MI 01
3. Wattmeter (600V,5A) UPF 01
(150V,10A) LPF 01
4. Connecting wire As required

FUSE RATING :

125/100 * 7.5 A ≈ 10A

THEORY :-

A 3-phase induction motor consists of stator, rotor & other associated parts. In the stator
,a 3- phase winding (provided) are displaced in space by 120. A3- phase current is fed to the
winding so that a resultant rotating magnetic flux is generated. The rotor starts rotating due to the
induction effect produced due the relative velocity between the rotor
Winding & the rotating flux.

PRECAUTIONS:

NO LOAD TEST:

(1). Initially TPST switch is kept open.

(2). Autotransformer must be kept at minimum potential position.
(3). The machine must be started at no load.

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BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

(1). Initially the TPST switch is kept open.

(2). Autotransformer must be kept at minimum potential position.
(3). The machine should be started on full load.

PROCEDURE:

NO LOAD TEST:

1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.

2. Precautions are observed and motor is started on the no load.
3. Autotransformer is varied to have rated voltage applied.
4. The meter readings are then tabulated.

BLOCKED ROTOR TEST :-

1. Connections are given as per circuit diagram.

2. Precautions are observed and motor is started on full load or blocked rotor position.
3. Autotransformer is varied to have rated current flowing in motor.
4. The meter readings are then tabulated.

FORMULA USED:

FOR NO LOAD TEST:

Wsc = √3 Vo IoCOSФ watts

Iw = Io cosФ amps
Ro= V0/ Iw Ω
Xo= Vo/Iu Ω

FOR BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

Wsc =3I2*Ro watts

Ro1 = Wsc/3(Isc)2 Ω
Zo1 = Vsc/Isc Ω
Xo1 = √Zo1^2-Ro1^2 Ω

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TABLE:

NO LOAD TEST:

S.No Voltage Current Wattmeter W1 x Wattmeter W2 x

Voc Ioc readings (W1) mf1 readings (W2) mf2
Observed Actual Observed Actual
Volts Amps Watts Watts
1

Voc= open circuit voltage

Ioc = open circuit current

BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

S.No. Voltage Current Wattmeter W1 x Wattmeter W2 x

Vsc Isc readings(W1) mf1 readings(W2) mf2
Observed Actual observed Actual
Volts Amps Watts Watts
1.

Vsc = short circuit voltage

Isc = short circuit current

RESULT:

Thus the no load and blocked rotor test on 3-Фsquirrel cage induction motor is performed
and the equivalent circuit of 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor has been drawn.

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EXP.NO. 8

SEPARATION OF LOSSES IN THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE

INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM:
To separate the no load losses of a 3 phase squirrel cage induction motor as iron losses
and mechanical losses.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the apparatus Type Range Quantity

1. Ammeter MI (0-10)A 1

MC (0-1)A 1

2. Voltmeter MI (0-600)V 1

MC (0-5)V 1

3. Wattmeter LPF 600V,5A 2

4. 3-Ф Auto Transformer (415/0- 1

470)V
Rheostat
5. 1200Ω/0.8A 1

PRECAUTIONS:
(1) The autotransformer should be kept in minimum voltage position.
(2) the motor should not be loaded throughout the experiment.

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PROCEDURE:

(1) Connections should be made as per the circuit diagram.

(2) By giving three phase supply , start the motor.
(3) Vary the autotransformer till rated speed is attained and note the input power, voltage and
current.
(4) Repeat the same procedure for and tabulate the reading.
(5) Find the stator copper loss and constant loss by respective formulas.
(6) Draw the suitable graph to find the mechanical losses.
(7) Obtain the core los by separating the mechanical loss from constant losses.

GRAPH:
The graph drawn between constant losses (watts) and input voltage (volts).

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

1. Input power (W) = (W1+W2) in watts

2. Stator copper loss =3I2Rs in watts
3. Constant loss/phase (Wc) = (W-3I2Rs)/3 in watts
4 Core loss/phase (Wi) = (constant loss/phase)-mechanical loss

RESULT:
Thus the no load losses of 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor was separated as core
losses and mechanical losses.

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EXP.NO. 9

LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM:
To determine the performance characteristic of a given single phase capacitor start
induction motor by conducting load test.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

SL. NO APPARATUS RANGE QUANTITY

TYPE

1 Voltmeter (0-300) V MI 1

2 Ammeter (0-10) A MI 1

3 Wattmeter 300 V, 10 A UPF 1

4 Tachometer 1

5 Connecting wires AS REQUIRED

FUSE RATING:

Fuse rating = 125% of rated current = 125/100 * 7.5

≈ 10A

THEORY:

The single phase induction motor is more or less a polyphase induction motor. The only
difference is that is given supply in single phase. This motor connect and motor function without
any initial start the motor having some part which is called starter and rotor. These are two types
of starting a 1 phase induction motor namely capacitor-start and other is split-phase. These
motors are widely used in domestic purpose.

PRECAUTION:

1) Before switching on the supply the variac is kept in minimum position.

2) Initially these should be on no load while starting the motor.

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PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the supply at no load condition.
3. Apply the rotor voltage to the motor using the variac and note down the readings at
ammeter and wattmeter.
4. Vary the load in suitable steps and note down all the meter readings till full load
condition.

FORMULA USED:
1) Torque ,T = (S1~S2)*9.81*R N.m
2) Output power = 2π NT/60*W
3) Effecting (η%) = 0/P Power / I/p Power*100
4) Slip (%S) = NS – N/NS*100
5) Power factor = Cos φ=W/VI

GRAPH :

1) Output Power Vs speed

2) Output power Vs Torque
3) Output power Vs Effecting
4) Output power Vs slip
5) Output power Vs Power factor

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TABLE:
Sl.No. VL IL Speed S1 S2 S1 ̃~ S2 Torque Wattmeter Reading Output
V A RPM Kg Kg Kg N-m Power η PF= cosΦ
Observed Actual W %
1

MODEL CALCULATION:

Input power = W x m.f = Watts

% slip = (Ns – N)/Ns x 100
pf= cosΦ = W/VLIL
Output power = 2лNT/ 60 Watts
Torque T= (S1~S2)*9.81*R N-m, where R is the radius of the brake drum in metre
Output power
Efficiency η = x 100
Input power

RESULT:
Thus load test on the single phase induction motor has been conducted and its
performance characteristics determined.

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EXP.NO. 10

EQUIVALENT CIURCUIT AND PRE-DETERMINATION OF PERFORMANCE

CHARACTERISTICS OF 1Ф INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM:
To draw the performance characteristics of a single phase induction motor by conducting
the no-load and blocked rotor test.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of Range Type Qty.

Apparatus
1 Voltmeter (0-300)V MI 1
(0-150)V MI 1
2 Ammeter (0-10)A MI 1
(0-2)A MI 1
3 Wattmeter (330V,10A) UPF 1
(300V,5A) LPF 1
4 Connecting As reqd.
wires

FUSE RATING:

125% of 7.6A=10A

THEORY:

A 1-Ф induction motor consists of stator,rotor and other associated parts.In the rotor of a single
phase winding is provided.The windings of a 1- Ф winding(provided) are displaced in space by
120º.A single phase current is fed to the windings so that a resultant rotating magnetic flux is
generated.The rotor starts rotating due to the induction effect produced due to the relative
velocity between the rotor winding and the rotating flux.

PRECAUTIONS:

NO LOAD TEST:

 Initially TPST Switch is kept open.

 Autotransformer is kept at minimum potential position.
 The machines must be started on no load.

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BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

 Initially the TPST Switch is kept open.

 Autotransformer is kept at minimum potential position.
 The machine must be started at full load(blocked rotor).

PROCEDURE:

NO LOAD TEST:

1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.

2. Precautions are observed and the motor is started at no load.
3. Autotransformer is varied to have a rated voltage applied.

BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.

2. Precautions are observed and motor is started on full load or blocked rotor position.
3. Autotransformer is varied to have rated current flowing in motor.
4. Meter readings are the noted.

Reff = 1.5*Rdc

FORMULAE:
NO LOAD TEST:

cos Ф = Wo/VoIo
Iw = Io cosФ
Im = Io sin Ф
Ro = Vo/Iw
Xo = Vo/Im
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

Zsc = Vsc/Isc Ω
Rsc = Wsc/Isc2 Ω
Xsc = √(Zsc2 – Rsc2) Ω

TABLE:
NO LOAD TEST

S.No. Vo(volts) Io(amps) Wo(watts)

m.f Observed Acual

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BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

S.No. Vsc(volts) Isc(amps) Wsc(watts)

m.f Observed Actual

RESULT:

Thus the no load and blocked rotor test on the single phase induction motor has been conducted
and the equivalent circuit has been drawn.

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