INDIA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Class XI

MANGAF (KUWAIT) Solutions of complex number Ch4

Abdullah. M. Rahman

Complex numbers ch-4

1. The Need of the Complex Number: We know that the square of a real number is always
non-negative. That is there is no real number which is square root of a negative number e.i,
there is no k ∈ 𝑅 such that 𝑥 2 = 𝑘, 𝑘 < 0
So, we need to extend the real number system so as to include square roots of negative real
numbers in such a manner that the operations addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
holds good. The new system is called system of complex number.
Euler was first mathematician to introduce the symbol 𝑖(𝑖𝑜𝑡𝑎)to denote the square root of -1

√−1 = 𝑖
2.Integral powers of 𝑖:

Positive integral power of 𝒊

(a) 𝑖 = √−1
2
(𝑏) 𝑖 = −1
(𝑐) 𝑖 3 = −1 × 𝑖 = −𝑖
(𝑑) 𝑖 4 = 𝑖 2 × 𝑖 2 = −1 × −1 = 1 ⟹ if n > 4, 𝑖 𝑛 = 𝑖 4𝑚+𝑟 = 𝑖 4𝑚 . 𝑖 𝑟 = 𝑖 𝑟 since 𝑖 4𝑚 = 1
Negative integral power of 𝒊:
1 𝑖4
(a) 𝑖 −1 = 𝑖 = = 𝑖 3 = −𝑖
𝑖
1 𝑖4
(b) 𝑖 −2 = 𝑖 2 = = 𝑖 2 = −1
𝑖2
1 𝑖4
(c) 𝑖 −3 = 𝑖 3 = =𝑖
𝑖3
1 𝑖4 1
(d) 𝑖 −4 = = =1=1
𝑖4 𝑖4
Note : 𝑖 0 = 1
3.Imaginary number: The square root of a negative real number is called an imaginary
number.
16
For example, √−2 , √−4, √− 25 are imaginary numbers.
4. Complex Number: Any number of the form 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 is a complex number, where a and b are
Real.
Real and Imaginary Part of a complex number: If z = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 is a complex number,
then a is called real part of z denoted as Re(z)= a’ and b is called imaginary part of z
denoted as
𝐼𝑚 (z) = b, example, if z = 2 + 5𝑖 then , Re(z) = 2 and Im(z)= 5
5. Equality of two complex numbers: let 𝒛𝟏 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒊𝒃𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒊𝒃𝟐 be two
complex numbers. If 𝒛𝟏 = 𝒛𝟐 then 𝒂𝟏 = 𝒂𝟐 and 𝒃𝟏 = 𝒃𝟐
Example 1: Find x and y if 2x +𝑖𝑦 = 4 + 5𝑖
 INDIA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Class XI
MANGAF (KUWAIT) Solutions of complex number Ch4

Abdullah. M. Rahman

Solution: 2𝑥 + 𝑖y = 4 + 5 i ⟹ 2𝑥 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 5 or x = 2 and y = 5

6. Algebra of complex numbers
(𝑖) Addition of two complex numbers:
let 𝒛𝟏 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒊𝒃𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒊𝒃𝟐 be two complex numbers then
𝒛𝟏 + 𝒛𝟐 = (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐 ) + 𝒊(𝒃𝟏 + 𝒃𝟐 )
Example let 𝒛𝟏 = 𝟓 − 𝟕𝒊 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛𝟐 = 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 then 𝒛𝟏 + 𝒛𝟐 = ( 5 +2 ) + 𝒊(−𝟕 + 𝟑 ) =7 –
4i.
(ii) Subtraction of two complex numbers;
let 𝒛𝟏 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒊𝒃𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒊𝒃𝟐 be two complex numbers then
𝒛𝟏 − 𝒛𝟐 = (𝒂𝟏 − 𝒂𝟐 ) + 𝒊(𝒃𝟏 − 𝒃𝟐 )
(iii) Multiplication of two complex numbers:
let 𝒛𝟏 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒊𝒃𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒊𝒃𝟐 be two complex numbers then
𝒛𝟏 ∙ 𝒛𝟐 = (𝒂𝟏 ∙ 𝒂𝟐 ) − 𝒃𝟏 ∙ 𝒃𝟐 ) + 𝒊(𝒂𝟏 ∙ 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒃𝟏 ∙ 𝒂𝟐 )
𝒛𝟏 = 𝟓 − 𝟕𝒊 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛𝟐 = 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 then 𝒛𝟏 ∙ 𝒛𝟐 = 𝟓 × 𝟐 − (−𝟕)(𝟑) + 𝒊[𝟓 × 𝟑 + (−𝟕) × 𝟐]
Or 𝒛𝟏 ∙ 𝒛𝟐 =10+𝟐𝟏 + 𝒊 = 31 +𝒊
(iv) Division of a complex number:
let 𝒛𝟏 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒊𝒃𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒊𝒃𝟐 be two complex numbers then
𝒛𝟏 𝒂𝟏 +𝒊𝒃𝟏 (𝒂𝟏 +𝒊𝒃𝟏 ).(𝒂𝟐 −𝒊𝒃𝟐 ) (𝒂𝟏 +𝒊𝒃𝟏 ).(𝒂𝟐 −𝒊𝒃𝟐 )
= = =
𝒛𝟐 𝒂𝟐 +𝒊𝒃𝟐 (𝒂𝟐 +𝒊𝒃𝟐 ).(𝒂𝟐 −𝒊𝒃𝟐 ) (𝒂𝟐 )𝟐 +(𝒃𝟐 )𝟐

Properties of addition of complex numbers:

(i) Addition is commutative : 𝒛𝟏 + 𝒛𝟐 = 𝒛𝟐 + 𝒛𝟏
(ii)Addition is associative : If 𝒛𝟏 , 𝒛𝟐 and 𝒛𝟑 be three complex numbers
then (𝒛𝟏 ,+𝒛𝟐 ) +𝒛𝟑 = 𝒛𝟏 + ( 𝒛𝟐 + 𝒛𝟑 )
(iii)Additive identity : There exist a complex number 0 + 0𝑖 such that for every
complex number z, z +(0 + 0𝑖)= 0 + 0𝑖) + z = z
(iv) Additive inverse : For every complex number z = = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 there exist a complex
number
(- z) = −𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏 such that (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 ) + ( −𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏) = ( −𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏) + (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 ) = 0 + 0𝑖
∴(- z) = ( −𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏) is called the additive inverse of complex number z
Properties of multiplication of complex numbers:
(i) Commutativity: 𝒛𝟏 ∙ 𝒛𝟐 = 𝒛𝟐 ∙ 𝒛𝟏
(ii) Associativity: Let 𝒛𝟏 , 𝒛𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛𝟑 be three complex numbers then
(𝒛𝟏 × 𝒛𝟐 ). 𝒛𝟑 = 𝒛𝟏 (𝒛𝟐 × 𝒛𝟑 )
(iii) Multiplicative identity: There exists a complex number 𝟏 + 𝟎𝒊 for every complex
number z = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 such that (𝟏 + 𝟎𝒊). (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 ) = (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏). (𝟏 + 𝟎𝒊) = (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏)
 INDIA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Class XI
MANGAF (KUWAIT) Solutions of complex number Ch4

Abdullah. M. Rahman

(iv) Inverse : For every non zero complex number z = = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 ≠ 0 + 0𝑖 there exist a
𝑎−𝑖𝑏
complex number 𝑧 −1 = such that z . 𝑧 −1 = 𝟏 + 𝟎𝒊
𝑎2 +𝑏2
Distributive property: Let 𝒛𝟏 , 𝒛𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒛𝟑 be three complex numbers
then 𝒛𝟏 ( 𝒛𝟐 + 𝒛𝟑 ) = 𝒛𝟏 . 𝒛𝟐 + 𝒛𝟏 . 𝒛𝟑
Thus we see that the complex numbers obey the fundamental laws of algebra of real
numbers and their algebra is identical in form, but not in meaning with algebra of real
numbers.
MODULUS CONGUGATE AND ARGUMENT OF A Complex Number Z
The modulus of a complex number z = (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏) is denoted by |𝑧| 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠 |𝑧| =
√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
Clearly |𝑧| ≥ 0. 𝑖. 𝑒, |𝑧| is a non - negative real number
Properties of Modulus.
(i) Z.𝑍̅= |𝑍|2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
(ii) |𝑧1 . 𝑧2 | = |𝑧1 |. |𝑧2 | , this can be extended further, If 𝑧1 . 𝑧2 . 𝑧3 . … 𝑧𝑛 are n complex
numbers then |𝑧1 . 𝑧2 . 𝑧3 . … 𝑧𝑛 | = |𝑧1 |. |𝑧2 |. |𝑧3 | … … |𝑧𝑛 |
𝑧 |𝑧 |
(iii) | 1 | = |𝑧1 | where 𝑧2 ≠ 0
𝑧2 2
(iv) |𝑧 𝑛 | = |𝑧|𝑛
(v) |𝑧| = |𝑧̅|= √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
(vi) |𝑧1 + 𝑧2 | ≤ |𝑧1 | + |𝑧2 |
(vii) |𝑧1 − 𝑧2 | ≥ |𝑧1 | − |𝑧2 |
(viii) |𝑧1 + 𝑧2 |2 = |𝑧1 |2 + |𝑧2 |2 + 2𝑅𝑒( 𝑧1 . ̅̅̅̅ 𝑧2 )
(ix) |𝑧1 − 𝑧2 | = |𝑧1 | + |𝑧2 | − 2𝑅𝑒( 𝑧1 . ̅̅̅̅
2 2 2
𝑧2 )
(x) |𝑧1 + 𝑧2 | + |𝑧1 − 𝑧2 | = 2(|𝑧1 | + |𝑧2 |2 )
2 2 2

Conjugate of a complex number z = 𝒂 + 𝒊𝒃 is denoted as 𝒛̅ = 𝒂 − 𝒊𝒃

For example 𝒛 = 𝟕 + 𝟓𝒊 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑧̅ = 7 − 5𝑖
Important properties of conjugate of complex number:
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑧 ̅̅̅
𝑧
(𝑖)(𝑧̿) = 𝑧 (ii) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑧1 + 𝑧2 =𝑧̅1 + 𝑧̅2 (iii) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅=
𝑧1 − 𝑧2 ̅𝑧̅̅1̅ − 𝑧̅2 (iv)𝑧̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
1 . 𝑧2 = ̅̅
𝑧̅1̅ . 𝑧̅2 (v) ( 1 ) = ̅̅̅1
𝑧2 𝑧2
𝑧2 , ≠ 0
(vi) 𝑧 + 𝑧̅ = 2Re (z) (vii) 𝑧 − 𝑧̅ = 2 Im(z)I (viii) 𝑧 + 𝑧̅ =0 ; ⇒ 𝑧 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦
(ix) 𝑧 = 𝑧̅ ⇒ 𝑧 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙
Example 1 If 4x + 𝑖(3x – y) = 3 + i (– 6), where x and y are real numbers,
then find the values of x and y.
INDIA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Class XI
MANGAF (KUWAIT) Solutions of complex number Ch4

Abdullah. M. Rahman

Solution We have 4x + 𝑖 (3x – y) = 3 + i (–6) ... (1)

Equating the real and the imaginary parts of (1), we get

4x = 3, 3x – y = – 6,

3 3 33
which, on solving simultaneously, give 𝑥 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 6 + 3 (4) = 4
Example 2 Express the following in the form of 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖:
1
(𝑖) (−5𝑖) (8 𝑖)
1 3
(ii) (−𝑖)(2𝑖) (− 8 𝑖)
1 −5 2 −5 5 5
Solution (𝑖) (−5𝑖) (8 𝑖) = 𝑖 = (−1) = 8 = 8 + 𝑖0
8 8
1 3 1 1 1
(ii) (−𝑖)(2𝑖) (− 8 𝑖) = 2 × 8×8×8 × 𝑖 5 = 256 (𝑖 2 )2 𝑖 = 256 𝑖.
Example 3 Express (5 − 3𝑖)3 in the form 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏.
Solution We have, (5 − 3𝑖)3 = 53 − 3 × 52 × (3𝑖) + 3 × 5(3𝑖)2 − (3𝑖)3

= 125 − 225𝑖 − 135 + 27𝑖 = −10 − 198𝑖.

Example 4 Express (−√3 + √−2)(2√3 − 𝑖) in the form of 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏

Solution We have

(−√3 + √−2)(2√3 − 𝑖) = (−√3 + √2𝑖)(2√3 − 𝑖)

= −6 + √3𝑖 + 2√6𝑖 − √2𝑖 2

= (−6 + √2) + √3(1 + 2√2)𝑖

Example 5 Find the multiplicative inverse of 2 − 3𝑖.

Solution Let 𝑧 = 2 − 3𝑖
Then 𝑧‾ = 2 + 3𝑖 and |𝑧|2 = 22 + (−3)2 = 13
Therefore, the multiplicative inverse of 2 − 3𝑖 is given by

𝑧‾ 2 + 3𝑖 2 3
𝑧 −1 = = = + 𝑖
|𝑧|2 13 13 13

The above working can be reproduced in the following manner also,

1 2 + 3𝑖
𝑧 −1 = =
2 − 3𝑖 (2 − 3𝑖)(2 + 3𝑖)
2+3𝑖 2+3𝑖 2 3
= 22 −(3𝑖)2 = = 13 + 13 𝑖
13
INDIA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Class XI
MANGAF (KUWAIT) Solutions of complex number Ch4

Abdullah. M. Rahman

Example 6 Express the following in the form 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏

5+√2𝑖
(𝑖) 1−√2𝑖 (ii) 𝑖 −35
Solution
5+√2𝑖 5+√2𝑖 1+√2𝑖 5+5√2𝑖+√2𝑖−2
(𝑖) We have, 1−√2𝑖 = 1−√2𝑖 × 1+√2𝑖 = 1−(√2𝑖)2

3 + 6√2𝑖 3(1 + 2√2𝑖)

= = = 1 + 2√2𝑖
1+2 3
1 1 1 𝑖 𝑖
(ii) 𝑖 −35 = 𝑖 35 = (𝑖 2 )17 𝑖 = −𝑖 × 𝑖 = −𝑖 2 = 𝑖

NCERT

EXERCISE 𝟒. 𝟏

Express each of the complex numbers given in Exercises 1 to 10 in the form 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 :

3
1 (5𝑖) (− 5 𝑖).
3 3
Sol. (5i) (− 5 𝑖) = (5) (− 5) 𝑖 2 = −3(−1) = 3[∵ 𝑖 2 = −1]
2 𝑖 9 + 𝑖 19 = 3 + 𝑖0.
Sol.
𝑖 9 + 𝑖 19 = 𝑖 8 ⋅ 𝑖 + 𝑖 16 𝑖 3 = (𝑖 4 )2 𝑖 + (𝑖 4 )4 𝑖 3 = (1)2 𝑖 + (1)4 ⋅ (−𝑖)
= 𝑖 − 𝑖 = 0 = 0 + 0𝑖

3 𝑖 −39
1 1 1 1 1
Sol. 𝑖 −39 = 𝑖 39 = 𝑖 36 ⋅𝑖 3 = (𝑖 4 )9 ⋅𝑖 3 = (1)9 ⋅(−𝑖) = −𝑖 [∵ 𝑖 4 = 1 and 𝑖 3 = −𝑖]

Rationalising
1 𝑖 𝑖 𝑖
= −𝑖 × 𝑖 = −𝑖 2 = 1 [∵ 𝑖 2 = −1]

=𝑖 = 0+𝑖

4 3(7 + 𝑖7) + 𝑖(7 + 𝑖7)

Sol. 3(7 + 𝑖7) + 𝑖(7 + 𝑖7) = 21 + 21𝑖 + 7𝑖 + 7𝑖 2
= 21 + 28𝑖 − 7 [∵ 𝑖 2 = −1]
= 14 + 28𝑖
5 (1 − 𝑖) − (−1 + 𝑖6)
Sol. (1 − 𝑖) − (−1 + 𝑖6) = 1 − 𝑖 + 1 − 6𝑖 = 2 − 7𝑖.
INDIA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Class XI
MANGAF (KUWAIT) Solutions of complex number Ch4

Abdullah. M. Rahman
1 2 5
6 (5 + 𝑖 5) − (4 + 𝑖 2)
1 2 5 1 2 5
Sol. (5 + 𝑖 5) − (4 + 𝑖 2) = 5 + 5 𝑖 − 4 − 2 𝑖
1 2 5 1−20 4−25 19 21
= (5 − 4) + (5 − 2) 𝑖 = + 𝑖=− − 10 𝑖
5 10 5

1 7 1 4
7 [(3 + 𝑖 3) + (4 + 𝑖 3)] − (− 3 + 𝑖)
1 7 1 4 1 7 1 4
Sol. [(3 + 𝑖 3) + (4 + 𝑖 3)] − (− 3 + 𝑖) = (3 + 3 𝑖 + 4 + 3 𝑖) + 3 − 𝑖

1 7 1 4 13 8 4 13 4 8
= [( + 4) + ( + ) 𝑖] + − 𝑖 = ( + 𝑖) + − 𝑖 = ( + ) + ( − 1) 𝑖
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

17 5
= + 3𝑖
3

8 (1 − 𝑖)4
Sol. (1 − 𝑖)4 = [(1 − 𝑖)2 ]2 = (1 + 𝑖 2 − 2𝑖)2
= (1 − 1 − 2𝑖)2 = (−2𝑖)2 = 4𝑖 2 = −4 = −4 + 0𝑖.

1 3
9 (3 + 3𝑖)
1 3 1 3 1 1
Sol. (3 + 3𝑖) = (3) + (3𝑖)3 + 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3𝑖 (3 + 3𝑖)
[∵ (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏)]

1 1
= + 27𝑖 3 + 3𝑖 ( + 3𝑖) [∵ 𝑖 3 = −𝑖]
27 3
1
= − 27𝑖 + 𝑖 + 9𝑖 2 [∵ 𝑖 2 = −1]
27
1
= − 26𝑖 − 9
27
1 1 − 243 242
=( − 9) − 26𝑖 = − 26 = − − 26𝑖
27 27 27

1 3
10 (−2 − 3 𝑖)
1 3 1 3 1 3
Sol. (−2 − 3 𝑖) = [− (2 + 3 𝑖)] = − (2 + 3 𝑖)
1 3 1 1
= − [23 + (3 𝑖) + 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 𝑖 (2 + 3 𝑖)] [∵ (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏)]

1 3 1
= − [8 + 𝑖 + 2𝑖 (2 + 𝑖)]
27 3
1 3 1
= − [8 + 𝑖 + 2𝑖 (2 + 𝑖)] [∵ 𝑖 3 = −𝑖]
27 3
 INDIA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Class XI
MANGAF (KUWAIT) Solutions of complex number Ch4

Abdullah. M. Rahman

1 2
= − [8 − 𝑖 + 4𝑖 + 𝑖 2 ] [∵ 𝑖 2 = −1]
27 3
2 1
= − [(8 − 3) + (4 − 27) 𝑖]

22 107 22 107
= −( + 𝑖) = − − 𝑖
3 27 3 27
Find the multiplicative inverse of each of the complex numbers given in the Exercises 11 to 13.
11. 4 − 3𝑖
Sol. Multiplicative inverse of 𝑧 = 4 − 3𝑖 is

1 1 1 4 + 3𝑖 4 + 3𝑖
𝑧 −1 = = = × = 2
𝑧 4 − 3𝑖 4 − 3𝑖 4 + 3𝑖 4 − (3𝑖)2
4+3𝑖 4+3𝑖 4+3𝑖 4 3
= 16−9𝑖 2 = 16+9 = = 25 + 25 𝑖
25

Second Solution Multiplicative inverse of 𝑧 = 4 − 3𝑖 is

𝑧‾ 4 + 3𝑖 4 + 3𝑖 4 + 3𝑖 4 3
𝑧 −1 = = = = = + 𝑖
|𝑧|2 (4)2 + (−3)2 16 + 9 25 25 25

[∵ If 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦, then 𝑧‾ = 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦 and |𝑧| = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 and hence |𝑧|2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ]

12. √5 + 3𝑖
Sol. Multiplicative inverse of 𝑧 = √5 + 3𝑖 is

1 1 1 √5 − 3𝑖
𝑧 −1 = = = ×
𝑧 √5 + 3𝑖 √5 + 3𝑖 √5 − 3𝑖

√5−3𝑖 √5−3𝑖 √5−3𝑖 √5−3𝑖 √5 3

= (√5)2 −(3𝑖)2 = = = = − 14 𝑖
5−9𝑖 2 5+9 14 14

Second Solution Multiplicative inverse of 𝑧 = √5 + 3𝑖 is

𝑧‾ √5 − 3𝑖 √5 − 3𝑖 √5 3𝑖
𝑧 −1 = = 2
= = = −
|𝑧| (√5)2 + (3)2 5 + 9 = 14 14 14

13. −𝑖
Sol. Multiplicative inverse of 𝑧 = −𝑖 is

1 1 1 𝑖 𝑖 𝑖
𝑧 −1 = = = × = 2= = 𝑖 = 0 + 𝑖.
𝑧 −𝑖 −𝑖 𝑖 −𝑖 −(−1)

Second Solution
Multiplicative inverse of 𝑧 = −𝑖 = 0 − 𝑖 is
INDIA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Class XI
MANGAF (KUWAIT) Solutions of complex number Ch4

Abdullah. M. Rahman

𝑧‾ 0+𝑖 0+𝑖
𝑧 −1 = 2
= 2 2
= = 0+𝑖
|𝑧| (0) + (−1) 1

14 Express the following expression in the form 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 :

(3 + 𝑖√5)(3 − 𝑖√5)
(√3 + √2𝑖) − (√3 − 𝑖√2)

(3+𝑖√5)(3−𝑖√5)
Sol. (√3+√2𝑖)−(√3−𝑖√2)
Using (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
32 − (𝑖√5)2 9 − 5𝑖 2 9 + 5 7 −√2𝑖
= = = = ×
√3 + √2𝑖 − √3 + √2𝑖 2√2𝑖 2√2𝑖 √2𝑖 −√2𝑖
−7√2𝑖 −7√2𝑖 7√2
= 2
= =0− 𝑖.
−2𝑖 2 2