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    Moles and Formula Mass

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    Oksana Mandryk
    The document discusses the mole concept and calculations involving moles, mass, and number of particles. It defines key terms like the mole, Avogadro's number, empirical and molecular formulas. Examples are provided for converting between moles and mass, calculating formula mass and percent composition, and determining empirical and molecular formulas through multiple step calculations and ratios.

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    Moles and Formula Mass

    Uploaded by

    Oksana Mandryk
    37 views19 pages
    The document discusses the mole concept and calculations involving moles, mass, and number of particles. It defines key terms like the mole, Avogadro's number, empirical and molecular formulas. Examples are provided for converting between moles and mass, calculating formula mass and percent composition, and determining empirical and molecular formulas through multiple step calculations and ratios.

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    3_TheMole

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    The document discusses the mole concept and calculations involving moles, mass, and number of particles. It defines key terms like the mole, Avogadro's number, empirical and molecular formulas. Examples are provided for converting between moles and mass, calculating formula mass and percent composition, and determining empirical and molecular formulas through multiple step calculations and ratios.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    37 views19 pages

    Moles and Formula Mass

    Uploaded by

    Oksana Mandryk
    The document discusses the mole concept and calculations involving moles, mass, and number of particles. It defines key terms like the mole, Avogadro's number, empirical and molecular formulas. Examples are provided for converting between moles and mass, calculating formula mass and percent composition, and determining empirical and molecular formulas through multiple step calculations and ratios.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Moles and Formula Mass

    The Mole
    1 dozen =
    1 gross =
    1 ream =
    1 mole =
    12
    144
    500
    6.022 x 10
    23
    There are exactly 12 grams of
    carbon-12 in one mole of carbon-12.
    Avogadros Number
    6.022 x 10
    23
    is called Avogadros Number in
    honor of the Italian chemist Amadeo Avogadro
    (1776-1855).
    Amadeo Avogadro
    I didnt discover it. Its
    just named after me!
    Calculations with Moles:
    Converting moles to grams
    How many grams of lithium are in 3.50 moles
    of lithium?
    3.50 mol Li
    = g Li
    1 mol Li
    6.94 g Li
    45.1
    Calculations with Moles:
    Converting grams to moles
    How many moles of lithium are in 18.2 grams
    of lithium?
    18.2 g Li
    = mol Li
    6.94 g Li
    1 mol Li
    2.62
    Calculations with Moles:
    Using Avogadros Number
    How many atoms of lithium are in 3.50
    moles of lithium?
    3.50 mol
    = atoms
    1 mol
    6.02 x 10
    23
    atoms
    2.07 x 10
    24
    Calculations with Moles:
    Using Avogadros Number
    How many atoms of lithium are in 18.2 g of
    lithium?
    18.2 g Li
    = atoms Li
    1 mol Li 6.022 x 10
    23
    atoms Li
    1.58 x 10
    24
    6.94 g Li 1 mol Li
    (18.2)(6.022 x 10
    23
    )/6.94
    Calculating Formula Mass
    Calculate the formula mass of magnesium carbonate,
    MgCO
    3
    .

    24.31 g + 12.01 g + 3(16.00 g) = 84.32 g
    Calculating Percentage Composition
    Calculate the percentage composition of magnesium
    carbonate, MgCO
    3
    .

    From previous slide:
    24.31 g + 12.01 g + 3(16.00 g) = 84.32 g
    100.00
    24.31
    100 28.83%
    84.32
    Mg
    | |
    = - =
    |
    \ .
    12.01
    100 14.24%
    84.32
    C
    | |
    = - =
    |
    \ .
    48.00
    100 56.93%
    84.32
    O
    | |
    = - =
    |
    \ .
    Formulas
    molecular formula = (empirical
    formula)
    n
    [n = integer]
    molecular formula = C
    6
    H
    6
    = (CH)
    6


    empirical formula = CH
    Empirical formula: the lowest whole number
    ratio of atoms in a compound.
    Molecular formula: the true number of
    atoms of each element in the formula of a
    compound.
    Formulas (continued)
    Formulas for ionic compounds are ALWAYS
    empirical (lowest whole number ratio).
    Examples:
    NaCl MgCl
    2
    Al
    2
    (SO
    4
    )
    3
    K
    2
    CO
    3
    Formulas (continued)
    Formulas for molecular compounds MIGHT
    be empirical (lowest whole number ratio).
    Molecular:
    H
    2
    O
    C
    6
    H
    12
    O
    6
    C
    12
    H
    22
    O
    11
    Empirical:
    H
    2
    O
    CH
    2
    O

    C
    12
    H
    22
    O
    11
    Empirical Formula Determination
    1. Base calculation on 100 grams of
    compound.
    2. Determine moles of each element in
    100 grams of compound.
    3. Divide each value of moles by the
    smallest of the values.
    4. Multiply each number by an integer
    to obtain all whole numbers.
    Empirical Formula Determination
    Adipic acid contains 49.32% C, 43.84% O, and
    6.85% H by mass. What is the empirical formula
    of adipic acid?
    ( )( )
    ( )
    49.32g C 1 mol C
    =4.107 mol C
    12.01 g C
    ( )( )
    ( )
    6.85 1
    6.78
    1.01
    g H mol H
    mol H
    g H
    =
    ( )( )
    ( )
    43.84 1
    2.74
    16.00
    g O mol O
    mol O
    g O
    =
    Empirical Formula Determination
    (part 2)
    Divide each value of moles by the smallest
    of the values.
    Carbon:
    Hydrogen:
    Oxygen:
    4.107
    1.50
    2.74
    mol C
    mol O
    =
    6.78
    2.47
    2.74
    mol H
    mol O
    =
    2.74
    1.00
    2.74
    mol O
    mol O
    =
    Empirical Formula Determination
    (part 3)
    Multiply each number by an integer to
    obtain all whole numbers.
    Carbon: 1.50 Hydrogen: 2.50 Oxygen: 1.00
    x 2 x 2 x 2
    3 5 2
    Empirical formula:
    C
    3
    H
    5
    O
    2
    Finding the Molecular Formula
    The empirical formula for adipic acid is
    C
    3
    H
    5
    O
    2
    . The molecular mass of adipic acid
    is 146 g/mol. What is the molecular
    formula of adipic acid?
    1. Find the formula mass of C
    3
    H
    5
    O
    2

    3(12.01 g) + 5(1.01) + 2(16.00) = 73.08 g
    Finding the Molecular Formula
    The empirical formula for adipic acid is
    C
    3
    H
    5
    O
    2
    . The molecular mass of adipic acid
    is 146 g/mol. What is the molecular
    formula of adipic acid?
    3(12.01 g) + 5(1.01) + 2(16.00) = 73.08 g
    2. Divide the molecular mass by the
    mass given by the emipirical formula.
    146
    2
    73
    =
    Finding the Molecular Formula
    The empirical formula for adipic acid is
    C
    3
    H
    5
    O
    2
    . The molecular mass of adipic acid
    is 146 g/mol. What is the molecular
    formula of adipic acid?
    3(12.01 g) + 5(1.01) + 2(16.00) = 73.08 g
    3. Multiply the empirical formula by this
    number to get the molecular formula.
    (C
    3
    H
    5
    O
    2
    ) x 2 =

    C
    6
    H
    10
    O
    4
    146
    2
    73
    =

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