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    Integrated Desciplines of Paleontology

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    sher afgan
    This document discusses the integrated disciplines of paleontology. It begins with an introduction to paleontology, which is the study of prehistoric life through fossils. It then outlines several major disciplines of paleontology including micropaleontology, invertebrate paleontology, vertebrate paleontology, paleobotany, palynology, taphonomy, ichnology, and paleoecology. Stratigraphy and sedimentology are also discussed. The importance of paleontology in petroleum geology and the geological time scale are summarized. Finally, it notes some other applications of paleontology such as contributions to plate tectonic theory.

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    Integrated Desciplines of Paleontology

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    sher afgan
    27 views12 pages
    This document discusses the integrated disciplines of paleontology. It begins with an introduction to paleontology, which is the study of prehistoric life through fossils. It then outlines several major disciplines of paleontology including micropaleontology, invertebrate paleontology, vertebrate paleontology, paleobotany, palynology, taphonomy, ichnology, and paleoecology. Stratigraphy and sedimentology are also discussed. The importance of paleontology in petroleum geology and the geological time scale are summarized. Finally, it notes some other applications of paleontology such as contributions to plate tectonic theory.

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    This document discusses the integrated disciplines of paleontology. It begins with an introduction to paleontology, which is the study of prehistoric life through fossils. It then outlines several major disciplines of paleontology including micropaleontology, invertebrate paleontology, vertebrate paleontology, paleobotany, palynology, taphonomy, ichnology, and paleoecology. Stratigraphy and sedimentology are also discussed. The importance of paleontology in petroleum geology and the geological time scale are summarized. Finally, it notes some other applications of paleontology such as contributions to plate tectonic theory.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    27 views12 pages

    Integrated Desciplines of Paleontology

    Uploaded by

    sher afgan
    This document discusses the integrated disciplines of paleontology. It begins with an introduction to paleontology, which is the study of prehistoric life through fossils. It then outlines several major disciplines of paleontology including micropaleontology, invertebrate paleontology, vertebrate paleontology, paleobotany, palynology, taphonomy, ichnology, and paleoecology. Stratigraphy and sedimentology are also discussed. The importance of paleontology in petroleum geology and the geological time scale are summarized. Finally, it notes some other applications of paleontology such as contributions to plate tectonic theory.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Integrated Desciplines of Paleontology

    Presented By:
    Usama Tahir
    Hassan Iqbal
    1
    2
    Layout:
     Introduction
     Desciplines
     Paleontology in Petroleum Geology.
     Geological time scale.
     Other Applications.
     References.
    Introduction:
     Paleontology originates from a Greek word referring to the
    study of prehistoric life usually fossils, their evolution and
    their relationship with each other.
     Modern Paleontologists use variety of techniques like
    electron microscopes, CT scanners and X-ray machines to
    examine and to reveal internal anatomy of fossils.
    3
    Major Desciplines

     Micropaleontology (Study of microfossils like algae and protists)


     Invertebrate Paleontology (Invertebrate animal fossils like molluscs and echinoderms)
     Vertebrate Paleontology ( Vertebrate fossils from fishes to Mammals)
    4  Paleobotany ( Study of Plant kingdom)
     Palynology ( Pollen and spores)
     Taphonomy ( Preservation of fossils)
     Ichnology ( Tracks, Trails and footprints)
     Paleoecology (Ecology and Climate of the past)
    Major Desciplines

     Stratigraphy (the analysis of the


    order and position of layers of
    archaeological remains.)

    5
     Obeying the laws of Horizontality
    and Superposition.
    Further classified as
    Lithostratigraphy and
    Biostratigraphy.
    6
    Importance of Stratigraphy:

     Paleontologists use
    microfossils to
    determine the formation
    that contains specific
    fossils (Index Fossils)
    and use them according
    to the principle of
    superposition to make
    biostratigraphic
    correlation for the
    drilled formations.
    7

     Sequence Stratigraphy:
    Type of stratigraphy that deals
    with description, interpretation,
    classification and nomenclature
    of sedimentary rocks based on
    their stratal stcking patterns
    and their stratigraphic
    relations.
    8  Sedimentology:
    Study of modern sediments
    such as sand, silt and clay
    and the processes that
    results in their formation,
    transport, deposition and
    diagenesis.

    Sedimentology is tied to
    stratigraphy, that studies
    the relationship between
    rock layers and how they
    can shift and move.
    Paleontology in Petroleum Geology

     Microfossils has many applications to


    petroleum geology, the most common uses are
    biostratigraphical and Paleoenvoirnmental
    analyses.
     Index fossils are used to make some
    9 expectations about the presence of oil in a
    particular area.
     There are some important microfossils that
    contribute towards Hydrocarbon exploration
    like:
    1) Foraminifera
    2) Calcareous nanofossils
    3) Palynomorphs
    Geological Time scale:
     Oldest fossil(3 billion to 3.5 billion years
    old. Mainly bacteria)
     Appearing of complex animals in oceans
    was 565 million years ago and became
    common about 542 million years ago.
     This marks Phanerozoic eon which is
    further divided into Paleozoic, Mesozoic
    and Cenozoic eras.
    10
     Cenozoic is youngest while Paleozoic era
    is the oldest.
     Paleozoic era includes extinct trilobites
    and rare brachiopods.
     Paleozoic era begins with Cambrian
    radiation and ends with greatest extinction
    in history of life.
     Another mass extinction occurred at the
    end of Triassic period.
     Neogene period: Homo Sapiens are
    evolved.
    Other Applications:

     Paleontology has contributed towards the study of plate


    tectonics by revraling the apparent anamolies, such as
    fossilized dinasours parts in Antartica.
     Guide fossils are used for age determination of a specified
    11
    rock unit
     Gives an overview of ecology and climate of the past.
    12

    References:
    1) https://www.britannica.com/science/paleontology

    2) https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Paleontology

    3) https://study.com/academy/lesson/evidence-for-
    evolution-paleontology-biogeography-embryology-
    comparative-anatomy-molecular-biology.html

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