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    Handwriting Identification

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    Apple Asne
    This document provides definitions and descriptions of various terms related to handwriting identification. It defines concepts like alignment, disguise writing, collation, graphoanalysis, and others. It also describes handwriting features such as loops, arches, ascenders, descenders, pen holds, pen pressure, slant, size and other structural aspects of handwriting.

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    Handwriting Identification

    Uploaded by

    Apple Asne
    691 views17 pages
    This document provides definitions and descriptions of various terms related to handwriting identification. It defines concepts like alignment, disguise writing, collation, graphoanalysis, and others. It also describes handwriting features such as loops, arches, ascenders, descenders, pen holds, pen pressure, slant, size and other structural aspects of handwriting.

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    This document provides definitions and descriptions of various terms related to handwriting identification. It defines concepts like alignment, disguise writing, collation, graphoanalysis, and others. It also describes handwriting features such as loops, arches, ascenders, descenders, pen holds, pen pressure, slant, size and other structural aspects of handwriting.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    691 views17 pages

    Handwriting Identification

    Uploaded by

    Apple Asne
    This document provides definitions and descriptions of various terms related to handwriting identification. It defines concepts like alignment, disguise writing, collation, graphoanalysis, and others. It also describes handwriting features such as loops, arches, ascenders, descenders, pen holds, pen pressure, slant, size and other structural aspects of handwriting.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    HANDWRITING IDENTIFICATION

    ALIGNMENT
    Is the relation of parts of the
    whole of writing or line of
    individual letters in words to the
    baseline.
    It is the alignment of words. The
    relative alignment of letters.

    GARLAND FORMS – A cup-like


    connected form that is open
    at the top and rounded on the
    bottom.
    ARCADE FORMS – Forms that
    look like arches rounded on
    the top and open at the
    bottom.

    DISGUISED WRITING - A writer


    may deliberately try to alter his
    usual writing habits in hopes of
    hiding his identity. The results,
    regardless of their effectiveness
    are termed disguised writing.

    COLLATION - side by side comparison; collation as used in this text


    means the critical comparison on side by side examination.
    COMPARISON - the act of setting two or more items side by side to
    weigh their identifying qualities; it refers not only a visual but also
    the mental act in which the element of one item are related to the
    counterparts of the other.
    • Topline

    • Midline

    • Baseline

    • Zones in Writing

    GRAPHOANALYSIS - the study of handwriting based on the two


    fundamental strokes, the curve and the straight strokes.

    GRAPHOMETRY - analysis by comparison and measurement.

    GRAPHOLOGY - the art of determining character disposition and


    amplitude of a person from the study of handwriting. It also means the
    scientific study and analysis of handwriting, especially with reference to
    forgeries and questioned documents

    GESTALT – The German word that means “complete” or “whole”. A good


    gestalt needs nothing added or taken away to make it “look right”. Also a
    school of handwriting analysis that looks at handwriting as a whole
    picture.

    HANDLETTERING - Any disconnected style of writing in which each letter


    is written separately; also called hand printing

    WRONG-HANDED WRITING
    -Any writing executed with the opposite hand that normally used; a.k.a.
    as “with the awkward hand.” It is one means of disguise. Thus, the
    writing of a right-handed person which has been executed with his left
    hand accounts for the common terminology for this class of disguise as
    "left- hand writing".
    LETTER SPACE – The amount of space left
    between letters.

    LINE DIRECTION – Movement of the


    baseline. May slant up, down, or straight
    across the page.

    LINE QUALITY - the overall character of the


    ink lines from the beginning to the ending
    strokes. There are two classes: Good Line
    quality and Poor Line quality.

    LINE SPACE – The amount of space left


    between lines.

    MANUSCRIPT WRITING -A disconnected form of script or semi-script


    writing. This type of writing is taught in young children in elementary
    schools as the first step in learning to write.

    MARGINS – The amount of space left around the writing on all four sides.

    MOVEMENT – It is an important element in handwriting. It embraces all


    the factors which are related to the motion of the writing instrument
    skill, speed freedom, hesitation, rhythm, emphasis, tremors and the like.
    The manner in which the writing instrument is move that is by finger,
    hand, forearm or whole arm.

    PEN EMPHASIS - The act of intermittently forcing the pen against the
    paper surfaces. has flexibility, this emphasis produces shading, but with
    mWhen the pen-point ore rigid writing points heavy point emphasis can
    occur in writing w/out any evidence of shading; the act intermittently
    forcing the pen against the paper with increase pressure
    PEN HOLD – The place where the
    writer grasps the barrel of the pen and
    the angle at which he holds it.

    PEN POSITION - relationship between


    the pen point and the paper.

    PEN PRESSURE - the average force


    with which the pen contacts the
    paper. Pen pressure as opposed to
    pen emphasis deals with the usual
    of average force involved in the
    writing rather than the period
    increases
    PRINTSCRIPT – A creative
    combination of printing and
    cursive writing.

    PROPORTION or RATIO - the relation between the tall and the


    short letter is referred as to the ratio of writing.

    QUALITY - A distinct or peculiar character. Also, “quality” is used


    in describing handwriting to refer to any identifying factor that is
    related to the writing movement itself.

    RHYTHM – The element of the writing movement which is


    marked by regular or periodic recurrences. It may be classed as
    smooth, intermittent, or jerky in its quality; the flourishing
    succession of motion which are recorded in a written record.
    Periodicity, alternation of movement.
    SHADING - Is the widening of the ink strokes due to the added
    pressure on a flexible pen point or to the use of a stub pen.

    SIGNIFCANT WRITING HABIT – Any characteristic of handwriting that


    is sufficiently uncommon and well fixed to serve as a fundamental
    point in the identification.

    SIMPLIFICATION – Eliminating extra or superfluous strokes from the


    copybook model.

    SIZE – May refer to the overall size of the writing or the proportions
    between zones.

    SKILL - In any set there are relative degrees or ability or skill and a
    specimen of handwriting usually contains evidence of the writer's
    proficiency; degree, ability, or skill of a write proficiency.

    SLOPE/SLANT - the angle or


    inclination of the axis of the letters
    relative to the baseline. There are
    three classes: – Slant to the left; –
    Slant to the right; and – Vertical
    Slant.

    SPEED OF WRITING - The personal pace at which the writer’s


    pen moves across the paper.

    TENSION – The degree of force exerted on the pen compared


    to the degree of relaxation.

    WORD SPACE – The amount of space left between words.


    Finger Movement - the thumb, the first, second and slightly the third
    fingers are in actual motion. Most usually employed by children and
    illiterates.

    Hand Movement - produced by the movement or action of the whole


    hand with the wrist as the center of attraction.

    Forearm Movement - the movement of the shoulder, hand and arm


    with the support of the table. • Whole Forearm Movement - action of
    the entire arm without resting. i.e., blackboard writing.

    Path followed by the pen in the paper


     Arc- a curved formed inside the top curve of loop as in
    small letters “h”, “m”, “n”, & “p”.

     Arch- any arcade form in the body of a letter found in


    small letters which contain arches.

     Ascender- is the top portion of a letter or upper loop.


     Diacritic- “t” crossing and dots of the letter “i” and “j”. The
    matters of Indian script are also known as diacritic sign; an
    element added to complete a certain letter, either a cross bar
    or a dot.

     Ending/Terminate stroke of toe- the end stroke of a letter.

     Eye/ Eyelet/Eyeloop- a small loop or curved formed inside


    the letters. This may occur inside the oval of the letters
    “a,d,o”; the small loop form by the stroke that extend in
    divergent direction as in small letters.

     Foot- lower part which rest on the base line. The small letter
    ”m” has three feet, and the small letter “n” has two feet

     Hesitation- the term applied to the irregular thickening of ink


    which is found when writing slows down or stop while the
    pen take a stock of the position.
     Hiatus/ pen jump- a gap occurring between a continuous
    stroke without lifting the pen.

     Such as occurrence usually occurs due to speed; may be


    regarded also as a special form of pen lift distinguished in
    a ball gaps and appear in the writing.

     Hook- it is a minute curve or ankle which often occurs at


    the end of the terminal stroke. It also sometimes occurs
    at the beginning of a initial stroke. The terminal curves of
    a letters “a,d,n,m,p,u” is the hook.

     Long letter- those letters with both upper and lower


    loops.

     Loop- a oblong curve such as found on the small letter


    “f,g,I” and letter stroke “f” has two.

     Majuscule- a capital letter.

     Miniscule- a small letter.


     Movement impulses- this refers to the continuality of
    stroke , forged writing is usually produced by disconnected
    and broken movements and more motion or movement
    impulses then in genuine writing.

     Patching- retouching or going back over a defective


    portion of a stroke. Careful patching is common defect on
    forgeries.

     Shoulder- outside portion of the top curve, small letter


    “m” has three shoulders and the small letter “n” has two,
    the small letter “h” has one shoulder.

     Spur- a short initial or terminal stroke.

     Staff- any major long downward stroke of a letter that is


    the long downward stroke of the letter “b,g”.
     Stem or shank- the upright long downward stroke that
    is the trunk or stalk, normally seen in capital letters.

     Tick/ Hitch- any short stroke, which usually occurs at


    the top of the letters.

     Tremor- a writing weakness portrayed by irregular


    shaky strokes is described as writing tremor. • Whirl-
    the upstroke of looping ascender

     Linear Letters- lower case letters having no ascending


    loops or stems, or descending loops or stems
    sometimes called minuscule. No capital letters.

     Supralinear- letters that extend a distance vertically


    above the linear letters, (b, d,h,k,l and t)

     Infralinear- Letters are those that extend a distance


    vertically below the baseline of the writing or of the
    linear letters. (g,j,p,q,y,z).
     Double-Length Letters- are those few letters that extend a
    distance vertically both above and below the linear letters.
    (f, y, z,p)

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