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    The Mole C

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    s.alqarni.personal

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    The Mole C

    Uploaded by

    s.alqarni.personal
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    2. The mole c

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    10 views20 pages

    The Mole C

    Uploaded by

    s.alqarni.personal

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    In this lesson we will study the concept

    of the mole.

    - Define one mole of substance.


    - Complete simple calculations.
    - Move between units of mass.

    Quantitative Chemistry- The mole


    Professional Relevance: Amount of substance

    Why is it important to know the amounts of substances in a chemical reaction?


    There are lots of examples, such as:
    › When chemists are making products such as pharmaceuticals or dyes etc they need
    to know how much of the reacting chemicals they need to have in order to make a
    certain amount of product.
    › If a chemical reaction produces a gas, chemical engineers need to be able to calculate
    the quantity of gas being released to determine whether there is a risk of explosion in
    the reaction containers.
    › In analytical science knowing the amount of particles in a solution can be used to test
    the amount of iron in a blood sample.
    › In environmental science it can be used to measure pollution levels in water samples.

    2
    When we look at a balanced equation, we are looking at the number of particles……

    › Counting particles also


    known as species:

    › Molecules
    › Atoms
    › Ions
    › Electrons
    3
    Avogadro’s Constant
    • If you weigh out the relative atomic mass in g of any element, it will always
    contain the same number of atoms.
    • This number is known as the Avogadro constant. NA = 6.022 x 1023
    • When we count atoms, numbers like 6.022 x 1023 are difficult to work with,
    so we call 6.022 x 1023 particles 1 mole

    6.022 x 1023 particles = 1 mol

    • There are 6.022 x 1023 carbon-12 atoms in a 12g sample of carbon-12


    • The Avogadro constant is defined as the number of atom in 12g of carbon-
    12.
    The Avogadro constant, NA

    › NA = (6.022 x 1023) is HUGE (602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000)

    › If you were give one mole of pounds the day you were born and
    spent a billion pounds (£1,000,000,000) a second, you would still
    have more than 99.999% of the money left if you died aged 90.

    6
    The Mole

    DEFINITION: One mole


    of a substance
    contains the same
    number of particles
    (atoms, ions,
    molecules) of a
    substance as there are
    atoms in 12g of
    carbon-12.
    The mole
    • One mole of atoms contains 6.022 x 1023 atoms.
    • How many atoms are in 2 moles?
    2 x 6.022 x 1023 = 1.2044 x 1024 atoms

    The Avagadro constant, NA , is 6.022 x 1023 .

    So,
    number of particles = number of mol x NA
    How many? number of particles = number of mol x NA

    • How many atoms in 0.125 mol of magnesium?


    0.125 x 6.022 x 1023 = 7.528x 1022 atoms
    • How many molecules in 5.0 mol of oxygen O2?
    5 x 6.022 x 1023 = 3.011 x 1024 molecules
    • How many O atoms in 5.0 mol of oxygen O2?
    2 x 3.011 x 1024 = 6.022 x 1024 atoms
    • How many moles is 1.807 x 1024 atoms of copper?
    number of moles = number of particles mol / NA
    1.807 x 1024 / 6.022 x 1023 = 3.00 moles
    Calculating numbers of moles from
    mass
    • What mass of iron would you have to weigh out to have 1 mole of iron
    atoms?
    55.85g
    • What mass of sodium would you have to weigh out to have 1 mole of
    sodium atoms?
    22.99g
    • What mass of lithium would you have to weigh out to have 3 moles of
    lithium atoms?
    3 x 6.94 = 20.82g
    • Work out the equation that links the number of moles, mass and the molar
    mass?
    Calculating number of moles
    Number of moles = mass You need to be able
    molar mass to re-arrange this.

    • Calculate the number of moles in 96.08g of carbon, C.


    Number of moles = mass / molar mass = 96.08 / 12.01 = 8.00mol
    • Calculate the mass, in g, of 0.050 mol of nitrogen dioxide, NO2.
    Mass = number of mole x molar mass = 0.050 x (14.01+16.00+16.00) = 2.301g
    • Calculate the molar mass when 2.65g contains 0.025 mol
    Molar Mass = mass / number of mole = 2.65 / 0.025 = 106
    Mass Units
    You will need to know these
    1 tonne = 1 x 106g
    to convert tonnes to g x 106
    to convert g to tonnes x 10-6
    1 kg = 1x103g
    to convert kg to g x 103
    to convert g to kg x 10-3
    1 mg = 1x10-3g
    to convert mg to g x 10-3
    to convert g to mg x 103
    Things to
    remember…..

    The Ar or Mr of a substance in grams contains one


    mole of substance.

    One mole of any substance contains:


    Unit conversions to remember: 6.022 x1023 particles (the Avogadro constant, NA)
    • 1 tonne = 1,000,000g = 1 x106 g
    • 1 kg = 1000g = 1 x 103 g Mass (in g) = Mr x moles
    • 1mg = 1 x 10-3 g
    number of particles = number of moles x 6.022 x 1023
    n CO2 = m / Mr = 44 / 44.01 = 1.00mol

    n N2 = m / Mr = 2.8 / 28.02 = 0.0999mol

    n Kr= m / Mr = 14000 / 84.80 = 165mol

    n Fe2 O3 = m / Mr = 1000000 / 159.70 = 6261mol

    m C3H8 = n x Mr = 0.02 x 44.11 = 0.882g

    m KMnO4 = n X Mr 0.25 x 158.05= 39.5g


    NA = 6.022 x 1023
    number of particles = number of mol x NA = 0.200 x 6.022 x 1023 = 1.2044 x 1023 atoms

    number of moles H2 = number of molecules / NA = 3.99 x 1024 / 6.022 x 1023 = 6.63mol

    Mass of H2 = n x Mr = 6.63 x 2.02 = 13.4g


    Mass of Ni in coin = (43/100) x 6.32 = 2.72g
    n Ni = m / Mr = 2.72 / 58.69 = 0.0463mol
    number of particles = number of mol x NA = 0.0463 x 6.022 x 1023 = 2.79 x 1022 atoms

    Mr = m / n = 1 / 0.00568 = 176.1
    a) number of moles CO2 = m/Mr = 11 / 44.01 = 0.250 mol
    b) Each CO2 molecule contain 1 C atom,
    so 0.250mol of CO2 contains 0.250 mol C atoms
    c) Each CO2 molecule contain 2 O atoms,
    so 0.250mol of CO2 contains 0.250 x2 mol = 0.500mol O atoms
    Learning check

    19
    In this lesson we will quickly study the
    concept of the mole.

    - Define one mole of substance.


    - Complete simple calculations.
    - Move between units of mass.

    Quantitative Chemistry- The mole

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