This document discusses biomass as an alternative energy source. It notes that biomass is a renewable source derived from living or recently living organisms, including waste agricultural materials, human waste, and dead plant matter. Biomass can be converted into energy through processes like combustion, anaerobic digestion, and fermentation to produce electricity, heat, or fuels like ethanol and biodiesel. While biomass has potential as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels, it also faces challenges in terms of cost, infrastructure needs, and potential environmental impacts from production and use.
This document discusses efficient conversion of biomass and waste into valuable products. It defines biomass as a renewable energy source derived from living or recently living organisms, including trees, plants, food waste and more. It then covers various types of biomass and technologies for converting it into bioenergy, including direct combustion, anaerobic digestion, fermentation and pyrolysis. Specific biofuels and bioproducts discussed include ethanol, biodiesel, biogas and bio-based plastics. Advantages are reducing waste and emissions while creating jobs, though high costs remain a challenge. The future potential of biomass to meet renewable energy targets and reduce dependence on fossil fuels is highlighted.
What is Bio fuel?
Green Diesel
Bio Diesel
Bio fuel Gasoline
Vegetable Oil
Bio ethers
Ethanol
Bio gas and Syngas
Solid Biofuel
Application Of Biofuel
Q&A on Biogas
This document discusses various types of biofuels including first, second, and third generation biofuels. First generation biofuels are made from sugar, starch, vegetable oils or animal fats. Second generation biofuels use non-food feedstocks and different extraction technologies like gasification, pyrolysis, and fermentation. Third generation biofuels are derived from algae. The document also discusses pros and cons of biofuel production such as their renewability but also potential high costs and impacts on food supply.
Biofuel (AKA agrofuel): any fuel whose energy is obtained through a process of biological carbon fixation
Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources.
A technical report on BioFuels GenerationMohit Rajput
This document provides an overview of biofuels, including:
1. Biofuels are divided into three generations - first from sugars/starches, second from non-edible plants, third from algae/microbes.
2. First generation includes bioethanol from crops like corn, sugar cane.
3. Second generation includes biodiesel made from vegetable/plant oils or animal fats.
4. The document discusses production methods and feedstocks for different biofuels.
This document discusses biofuels, which are fuels produced from biological sources such as plants and waste. It describes various types of biofuels like ethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and their production methods. Ethanol is made from crops like corn and sugarcane, while biodiesel is made from vegetable oils or animal fats. The document also covers generations of biofuels and ongoing research into producing biofuels from new sources like algae and microbes.
The document discusses various topics related to bioenergy and biofuels, including:
1) It defines bioenergy as energy derived from organic matter such as plant matter, and discusses various types of bioenergy including biomass, bio-pellets, biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas.
2) It explains how biomass can be used to generate electricity (biopower) through direct combustion or conversion into gaseous or liquid fuels via gasification or pyrolysis.
3) The document also discusses converting biomass into other bio-based products typically made from petroleum, such as antifreeze.
biofuels, first and second generation biofuels, their history, biodiesel, mass production, applications, properties, fuel efficiency, emissions, material compatibility, availability and prices
This seminar report discusses biofuels as an alternative fuel source. It defines biofuels as hydrocarbons produced from organic matter in a short period of time. The report outlines two generations of biofuels - first generation from food crops like corn and vegetable oils, and second generation from non-food feedstocks. Examples of first generation biofuels discussed are biodiesel and bioethanol. Current research is focused on improving crop yields and developing biofuels from waste. The report concludes that while biofuels show potential as a renewable alternative fuel, production methods need advancement to be more sustainable.
Biofuels are liquid fuels produced from biomass rather than fossil fuels. The two main types are bioethanol, produced from crops high in sugar or starch through fermentation, and biodiesel, produced from vegetable oils or animal fats. Biofuels provide environmental benefits like reducing greenhouse gas emissions and decreasing dependence on foreign oil. While biofuels have advantages, their production also has potential drawbacks like requiring significant land and water resources as well as possibly introducing invasive species.
This document provides an overview of biofuels including definitions of renewable fuels, biofuels, ethanol and biodiesel. It discusses how ethanol and biodiesel are made through processes like fermentation of plants for ethanol and transesterification of vegetable oils for biodiesel. The document also outlines the history and development of biodiesel, as well as current production and uses of ethanol and biodiesel in Kansas, benefits to livestock feeding, and opportunities for Kansas grain producers through biofuel markets.
This document defines fuel and discusses conventional and alternative fuels. It notes that fossil fuels will deplete within a few centuries unless alternatives are developed. Biodiesel is introduced as a renewable alternative produced through transesterification of vegetable oils. Algae are also discussed as a promising source for biodiesel, with several cultivation methods described, though commercialization challenges remain. The document concludes renewable fuels can help address energy and environmental issues if developed sustainably.
The document is a midterm presentation on bio-fuels prepared by a group of students for their EEE department. It defines biofuels as fuels produced from biomass in a short period of time. It discusses various types of biofuels including ethanol, vegetable oil, and biogas. It classifies biofuels into first generation made from food crops and second generation from non-food biomass. The presentation covers biofuel production methods, advantages like renewability and disadvantages like impacts on food security. It concludes by discussing Bangladesh's potential to produce biofuels from native plants to reduce fuel imports and encourage further sustainable renewable energy development.
Biofuels technology can be defined as application of feedstocks in a sequence of processes leading to the production of different biofuel types. Biofuels processes are either natural or chemical stages of an industrial or pilot project development leading to the final production of biofuels.
Various Types of Biofuel
Wood. This is the most basic form of fuel that is derived from organic matter. ...
Biogas. This is the gaseous form of biofuels. ...
Biodiesel. This biofuel is liquid in nature.
Ethanol
Methanol.
Butanol.
Uses of Biofuels
Heating. Primary biofuels – or materials that are still in their raw state, without processing or treatment – are a common form of heating homes in developing countries where no alternative fuel source is available. ...
Transport. ...
Aviation. ...
Lubrication. ...
Oil clean-up operations.
hird generation biofuels are also known as “algae fuel” or “oilage” since they are produced from the algae. Algae leads to the production of all types of bio-fuels such as biodiseal, gasoline, butanol, propanol and ethanol with high yield, approximately 10 times higher than the second generation biofuel
The document summarizes research on biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It discusses how biodiesel is produced through transesterification of vegetable oils and fats. The properties of biodiesel are outlined and compared to fossil diesel. Experimental results are presented showing biodiesel blends and advanced injection timing can improve engine performance similar to diesel. However, higher carbon deposits and more frequent filter cleaning are issues. The document concludes biodiesel is a promising renewable alternative but requires further optimization.
This document provides an overview of biofuels, including what they are, their advantages over fossil fuels, examples of biofuel feedstocks and production processes, and the current state of the biofuel industry regionally. It discusses that biofuels are fuels produced from plant or animal matter rather than fossil fuels, and are seen as alternatives that are renewable. Examples mentioned include biodiesel, ethanol, and biogas.
This document discusses various types of bioenergy including biomass, biogas, and biofuels. It defines biomass as a renewable energy source derived from living or recently living organisms. Key types of biomass discussed include wood, agricultural waste, solid waste, and landfill gas. Methods of converting biomass to energy include burning, bacterial decay, fermentation, and thermal or chemical conversion. Biogas is produced via the bacterial breakdown of organic waste. Algae and crops can be converted to liquid biofuels like ethanol or biodiesel. While bioenergy has benefits like being renewable and reducing emissions, it also has disadvantages like being expensive to produce and store and requiring significant space.
Ecotech alliance quick guide to bioenergy technologiesecotechalliance
This document provides summaries of 10 different bioenergy technologies:
1) Biogas is created from the breakdown of organic matter in anaerobic conditions and can be used for cooking, heating, electricity production.
2) Biomass can be combusted directly as fuel or converted to liquid/gas biofuels like ethanol or biodiesel for combustion engines or fuel cells.
3) Microbial fuel cells produce electricity by harnessing natural microbial systems, with byproducts of water and carbon dioxide.
Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources_ Understanding Our Energy Future.pdfEnterprise Wired
As the global population continues to grow and the demand for energy increases, understanding the differences between renewable and nonrenewable resources becomes crucial.
Emergency response preparedness for Monsoon in humanitarian response.Mohammed Nizam
Emergency Preparedness for Monsoon presentation will help to know the protection risks due to heavy monsoon in refugee camps, emergency response plan, anticipatory action plan, challenges for monsoon and mitigation measures.
Toxicity assessment of dispersit SPC 1000 on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas...Open Access Research Paper
Unsustainable techniques, human activities, and laws used in the exploration and extraction of petroleum resources have wreaked havoc on the environment of the Niger Delta Region. This research assessed the toxicity of oil spill dispersant- Dispersit SPC 1000 on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. in water habitats. The bacteria were isolated following standard procedures by the spread plate technique. Percentage log survival was used as the toxicity index. The result of the findings showed that the survival rate decreased with increased concentration of Dispersit SPC 1000 and as the exposure periods increased while the mortality rate increased. The study also investigated the susceptibility of the test organisms to the toxicant concentrations and the result revealed a significant difference between the toxicant concentration and the susceptibility of the test isolates though the degree of toxicity differed in the isolates studied. It was observed that Dispersit SPC 1000 exerted a greater toxic effect on Pseudomonas spp. than on E. coli. The result of the 24th-hour acute toxicity of the toxicant at various concentrations showed that Dispersit SPC 1000 was more toxic to Escherichia coli (386.93) than Pseudomonas spp (459.72) in Freshwater and more toxic to Pseudomonas spp (15.96) than Escherichia coli (1293.96) in Marine water. This was evident in the lower LC50 for Escherichia coli in freshwater and Pseudomonas spp. in marine water.
Profitability and efficiency analyses of organic temperate vegetable producti...Open Access Research Paper
This research analyzed the profitability and efficiency of organic temperate vegetable production through the supply chain approach. Survey, key informant interviews, participant observation and archival research were used to gather data. Thirty eight (38) producers and 11 traders in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), Region III and Region IVA served as respondents. Descriptive statistics, cost and return analysis and efficiency analysis were used to analyze research results. The emergence of new breeds of players makes the marketing channel of organic vegetables in the CAR complex compared to a simpler, more modern and integrated chain in the regions outside of the CAR. The six key players in the marketing of organic vegetables are the cooperative, assembler-wholesaler-retailer, assembler-wholesaler, assembler- retailer, retailer and institutional buyers. Returns to total expenses were highest for native cucumber, cauliflower, Japanese spinach, broccoli and lettuce ranging from 100 percent to 235 percent. Native cucumber, cauliflower, Japanese spinach, broccoli, French beans, and lettuce give higher profits to farmers ranging from 49.00 pesos to 71.00 pesos per kilogram. The production of cabbage, native cucumber, cauliflower, Japanese spinach, broccoli, French beans, and lettuce requires low capital, labor and land use intensity indicating high efficiency. Value chain and marketing margin analyses show cost and margin differentials across players and across geographic locations indicating variations in the distribution of benefits among key actors. With the premium price that organic products command and the low capitalization, land and labor utilization needed, organic temperate vegetable production is profitable and efficient which determine its sustainability in the long run.
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Biomass an Alternative.pdf
1. An alternative energy resource
, 3rd yr.
Applied Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering
Haldia Institute of Technology
2. Biomass is a renewable energy source that is derived from
living or recently living organisms.
It includes dead trees, tree branches, rotting garbage,
agricultural and human wastes like sugarcane, grasses
and wood chips.
Energy derived from biomass is mostly used to generate
electricity or to produce heat.
Biomass is found easily all over the world. It can be
chemically and biochemically treated to convert it to a
energy-rich fuel.
5. Some idea about
Biomass Sources
Every year, the agricultural industry produces millions
of tons of waste that could be utilized for energy
production.
In addition, the forest products industry also produces
countless tons of waste that can be used as an energy
source.
Energy crops, such as willows and switch grass can be
grown for the specific purpose of energy production.
Farmers grow corn and soybeans that can be used for
ethanol production
6. What is Bioenergy?
The energy stored in biomass is
called bioenergy.
Bioenergy is very versatile: It
can be used to provide heat,
make fuels, and generate
electricity.
7. Conversion of biomass to energy requires some extraction if the
fuel stream is contaminated with polluting substances
Typical processes are the following:
Direct combustion
Anaerobic Digestion
Fermentation
Pyrolysis
Other less-used techniques
Enzymes can change cellulose into sugars, which can then be
fermented into alcohol
Cane sugar, C6H12O6 --> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Fermentation of corn or other biomass will produce ethanol.
Technology of
Energy Conversion
8. How Much Biomass is Out There?
“INDIA” has enough land and agricultural
networks to sustainably replace half of
the nation’s gasoline use or all of its
nuclear energy.
Millions of tons of unused agricultural
waste, manure, and sawdust has the
potential to generate energy.
9. Biofuels
Biomass is one of the few renewable
sources for transportation fuels
Biofuels produce fewer emissions than
petroleum fuels
The three main types of biofuels are :-
Ethanol Biodiesel Biogas
10. Ethanol: a form of Biofuel
Also known as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol.
Ethanol is made from the starch in certain grains, such
as wheat, corn etc.
Ethanol production usually begins with the grinding up of
biomass such as wheat or corn.
Once ground up, the starch or cellulose is converted into
sugar.
The sugar is then fed into microbes that use it for food,
producing ethanol in the process.
Ethanol Uses :--
Most gasoline mixtures contain about 10 percent
ethanol and 90 percent gasoline.
All vehicles are equipped to handle this mixture.
Such a mixture reduces greenhouse gases by up to 4
percent.
11. E85 Fuel
Fuel containing 85 percent gasoline and 15 percent
ethanol can be used in flexible fuel vehicles.
The use of E85 fuel reduces the emission of greenhouse
gases by up to 37 percent.
E85 is considered an alternative fuel under the Energy
Policy Act of 1992.
Vehicles that run on E85 are called Flexible Fuel Vehicles
(FFV).
Many vehicle manufacturers offer FFVs. Ford, Mercedes,
GM and Chrysler all offer FFVs.
Reduces Petroleum Consumption- Using E85 reduces
dependence on foreign oil markets.
12. Made by transforming animal fat or
vegetable oil with alcohol .
Fuel is made from rapeseed (canola) oil
or soybean oil or recycled restaurant
grease.
It is directly used in place ofdiesel either
as neat fuel or as an oxygenate additive
Biodiesel
13. Jatropha Tree
• Biodiesel from Jatropha.
• Seeds of the Jatropha nut is
crushed and oil is extracted
• The oil is processed and
refined to form bio-diesel.
14. The roll of biodiesel is not to replace the petroleum diesel, but to help
create a balanced energy policy. Biodiesel is one of several alternative
fuels designed to extend the usefulness of petroleum and the longevity.
Easy to use:-
No vehicle modifications or special fuelling equipment is needed.
Power, Performance and Economy:-
Proven performance and economy make biodiesel a renewable
winner.
Emissions & Greenhouse Gas Reduction:-
With lower exhaust emissions biodiesel is helping to reduce pollution
and improve health. Lower CO2 emission help reduce the impact of
Global warning.
Energy balance & security:-
Biodiesel helps reduce the need for foreign oil.
Economical Development:-
Biodiesel helps communities by keeping energy RUPEES at home.
15. Methane is the primary biogas.
Landfill gas is primarily methane but contains CO2 and
other gases from plastics, etc.
Gobar Gas :-
Gobar gas
production is an
anaerobic process.
BIO-GAS
050315
16. Methane, CH4, is a likely future hydrogen gas
source
The four H atoms allow more hydrogen to be
produced per molecule of methane
Cracking or pyrolysis changes the
molecules to yield hydrogen and CO, which
is also combustible
The combination of methane and COx is
known as biogas and can be made from
acetic acid, produced from glucose by
microorganisms.
Some !dea about Methane
17. Biobased Products
Biomass can also be used as a fuel to make
everyday products that are usually produced
using fossil fuels.
Any product that we can make from fossil fuels
can be identically made from biomass.
Moreover, bio based products most often
require less energy to produce than petroleum
based products.
18. Environmental & Economic Advantages
•Reduction of waste
•Use of waste that would normally go to landfills
• Extremely low emission of greenhouse gases
compared to fossil fuels
• Ethanol is Carbon neutral and forms a part of the carbon
cycle
• Growing variety of crops increases bio-diversity
•Helps developing economies by promoting agrarian
communities
•Increase in jobs
•Increase in trade balance (Indian perspective) due to
lesser dependence on foreign resources
$$$
19. Biomass and The National
Energy Policy
The main goal of any country’s National
Energy Policy is to increase the domestic
energy supplies.
Biomass and biofuels will always be
produced in a country like INDIA.
As a result, the use of biomass directly
supports the National Energy Policy by
reducing INDIA’s dependency on foreign
oil.
21. Air Concerns
• Biomass processing
technologies and biofuel’s use
have the potential to increase
emissions of ozone precursors
oIncrease in Noxemissions
•Excessive inhalation of
ethanol is harmful
•Combustion of ethanol would
result in increased
atmospheric concentrations of
carcinogens(cancerous materials)
• Emission of relatively large
sized particulate matter
Soil Concerns
22. Biomass and the Future
More research is being conducted to improve technologies
for making electricity and fuels from biomass.
Some oil companies and petrochemical industries have
begun to explore biomass energy.
The biggest challenge is the cost of bioenergy: As long as
fossil fuels remain cheaper than bioenergy, people will be
hesitant to invest in this technology.
Biomass is sustainable but there is an expense in producing
collecting, storing, transporting and converting biomass into
fuels and electricity. It presents many challenges.
Biomass Infrastructure will have to be built to ensure a safe
and efficient supply system for biomass.
While biomass is one of the best forms of renewable energy,
but yet , it is not a great fuel.
23. CONCLUSION
Biomass is a potential alternative to fossil fuels but it is not very viable
because there are many problems in the development and
transportation of it and it also produces CO, CO2 and some other
pollutant materials just like fossil fuels. Thus, it also pollutes our
beautiful environment, however lesser than the fossil fuels.
Renewable Energy like BIOMASS has many advantages, but cannot
and will not solve all of the world’s energy problems on its own.
Certainly, renewable resources have an important role to play within the
context of a continuous and stable energy supply. All in all, however,
renewable energy resources like BIOMASS are certain to play a LARGE
and growing role in the “Next Century”.
Consequently, it can be used as an alternative of fossil fuels up to a
certain limits, as there are available a few better alternative energies like
solar energy, wind energy etc.