This document discusses various theories and models of leadership. It covers trait theories that seek to identify personal characteristics of effective leaders. Behavioral theories examine types of leader behaviors and consider how styles may vary across cultures. Contingency models propose that effective leadership depends on both leader characteristics and situational factors. Specific models covered include Fiedler's contingency model, House's path-goal model, and transformational leadership. The document also discusses substitutes for leadership and the role of gender in leadership.
This document discusses different theories of leadership, including trait theories, behavioral theories, and contingency theories. Trait theories focus on personality traits that differentiate leaders from non-leaders, but no universal traits have been identified. Behavioral theories propose that leadership can be taught and examine specific behaviors. Contingency theories emphasize that leadership effectiveness depends on matching a leader's style to the situation.
Transactional leadership is a style of leadership where the leader promotes compliance through rewards and punishments. It was first described by Max Weber in 1947 and further developed by Bernard Bass in 1981. Under transactional leadership, employees are motivated by rewards and punishments from their leaders in exchange for meeting set goals. While it can be effective for motivating workers and achieving short-term goals, it is limited in fostering creativity and initiative. Transactional leadership works best for structured tasks but does not develop the full leadership potential of subordinates.
This document summarizes key concepts from the book "Leadership in Organizations Management 6th Ed." by Richard Daft. It defines leadership and distinguishes it from management. Leadership involves influencing others towards goals using sources of power like position, reward, expertise and relationships. Theories discussed include trait approaches, behavioral and contingency theories like Fiedler's, path-goal theory and substitutes for leadership. Emerging concepts covered are transformational, virtual, servant and level 5 leadership suited for new workplaces.
This document discusses the role of leadership in cooperative management. It defines leadership as guiding and motivating people to achieve organizational goals. A good leader establishes a clear vision, shares this vision with others, provides knowledge to achieve the vision, and balances conflicting stakeholder interests. Key roles of a leader include initiating action, motivating employees through economic and non-economic rewards, supervising and guiding subordinates, building confidence, and building morale to encourage cooperation and create an efficient work environment.
Theories & Approaches to Leadership: An OverviewKimberly White
A brief overview of leadership, including pre-1970 leadership theories and a handful of contemporary approaches to leadership. Theorists include Bass & Burns, Greenleaf, Astin & Astin, Heifetz, Maxwell, Sinek, and Collins.
This document discusses several leadership theories and models:
- Task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership styles focus on tasks or relationships. The contingency model examines situational factors like trust in the leader.
- Path-goal theory states effective leaders positively impact follower motivation, ability, and satisfaction.
- Hersey-Blanchard's situational leadership theory examines follower readiness and pairs leadership styles accordingly, from telling to delegating.
- Leader-member exchange theory suggests leaders classify followers into in-groups they trust more and out-groups.
- Vroom-Yetton's revised model focuses on leadership style suiting each problem/situation without constraint.
- Transactional leadership helps followers achieve goals. Transformational
The document discusses several contingency leadership theories:
1) Fiedler's contingency theory states that leadership effectiveness depends on how well the leader's style fits the situation, based on factors like leader-member relations and task structure.
2) House's path-goal theory describes how leaders can motivate followers by selecting a leadership style that meets their needs, such as directive, supportive, participative, or achievement-oriented.
3) Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership theory focuses on matching leadership style to follower maturity levels, from directing to delegating as maturity increases.
4) Vroom and Yetton's normative decision model provides styles from autocratic to group-based depending on factors like decision
The document discusses leadership styles and theories. It begins by describing a story about leaders guiding workers to clear a jungle to build a port. It then discusses different leadership styles like autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and paternalistic. It also summarizes several leadership theories including trait theory, behavioral theories, role theory, the managerial grid model, participative theories, and Likert's leadership styles. The document provides an overview of concepts related to leadership.
This document discusses various theories and styles of leadership. It defines leadership as motivating a group towards a common goal. Leadership theories covered include trait theory, behavioral theory, and contingency theory models like Fiedler's, situational, and path-goal theories. It also outlines different leadership styles such as transformational, transactional, servant, autocratic, laissez-faire, democratic, bureaucratic, and charismatic. The document emphasizes that the best leadership style depends on the situation and that Prophet Muhammad exemplified strong leadership through confidence, vision, planning, teamwork and other qualities.
This Presentation will contain the description about how an leader should bee and what qualities and leadership styles he must possess in the field of competitive world and how to get succeeded.
The document discusses several theories of leadership, including trait theories, behavioral theories, and contingency theories. It notes that contingency theories consider moderator variables like leader-member relations and task structure. Contingency theories assume leaders must change their behavior to fit the situation or change the situation to fit their behavior. The document also mentions several contemporary leadership perspectives and concludes that it is difficult to isolate exact qualities of a good leader, and that a leader's effectiveness depends on an interaction of their traits, skills, behaviors, and various situational factors.
The document discusses various topics related to leadership styles, theories, qualities, and roles. It provides information on different leadership styles like autocratic, democratic, transformational, and transactional leadership. It also outlines several leadership theories such as trait theories, situational theories, relationship theories, and contingency theories. Additionally, it lists qualities of a successful leader such as honesty, inspiring others, communication skills, decision-making ability, and confidence. The roles of a leader and manager are compared as well.
The document outlines learning topics about leadership theories covered in a chapter, including:
- Early theories focused on identifying leadership traits but had mixed results, while behavioral theories examined leadership styles.
- Contingency theories like Fiedler's model and situational leadership theory propose effective leadership depends on matching style to the situation or followers' readiness.
- Current approaches include transactional leaders who clarify goals, and transformational leaders who inspire followers through vision and risk-taking.
- Modern issues involve managing sources of leader power and developing credibility/trust with followers.
A leader is defined as a person who influences others towards achieving a goal. To be an effective leader, one must have followers who trust them. Key attributes of good leadership include having a deep commitment to the goal, the ability to visualize success, and being worthy of others' trust. Effective leadership requires understanding followers' needs and motivating them through two-way communication that depends on the specific situation. Traits, skills, inspiring a vision, and inviting participation are important factors in leadership.
Path-Goal Theory describes how leaders can motivate followers to achieve goals. It states that leadership should enhance employee performance and satisfaction by focusing on employee motivation. The leader must use a style that meets the motivational needs of followers based on their characteristics and the work setting. The leader determines outcomes subordinates want to achieve, rewards high performance, and ensures subordinates believe they can achieve goals and perform well.
Leadership involves influencing others to achieve goals. Effective leadership depends on the personal leadership style of the leader as well as the situation. Different cultures have different leadership styles based on their values. Leaders gain power through legitimate authority, rewards, punishments, expertise, and respect from subordinates. Managers must adapt their leadership style to the situation to be most effective.
The document discusses various leadership theories and models including trait theory, behavioral theory, contingency models like Fiedler's model and path-goal theory, and transformational leadership. It also covers topics like the sources of power, empowerment, gender differences in leadership, and emotional intelligence. In the movie example provided, Gerard displays characteristics of a task-oriented leader based on Fiedler's model as his primary concern is ensuring the job of capturing the fugitive gets done.
Principi del Management: 13^ - LeadershipManager.it
Leadership is the process where a person exerts influence over others to achieve goals. Effective leadership increases a firm's ability to meet new challenges. Leadership styles may vary across cultures. For example, European managers tend to be more people-oriented than American or Japanese managers. Various power bases enable managers to influence subordinates, including reward, coercive, legitimate, expert, and referent power. The number of women managers is rising but still relatively low in top levels due to stereotypes. However, research shows there are no actual gender differences in leadership effectiveness.
The document discusses several leadership theories and models, including Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness, the path-goal theory of leadership, and situational leadership. It also examines factors like a leader's style, the characteristics of subordinates and the work context, and how these influence the need for leadership. Effective leadership requires understanding how to adapt one's approach to different situations.
This document discusses various leadership models and concepts:
1. It defines leadership as the process of influencing others to achieve goals, and explains that effective leadership allows firms to meet new challenges.
2. Several leadership models are described, including trait, behavioral, contingency, and transformational models. Contingency models like Fiedler's examine how leadership style interacts with situational factors.
3. The sources of a leader's power, such as reward, coercive, expert, and referent power, are identified. Empowering subordinates by giving them responsibility is also discussed.
4. Cultural differences in leadership styles across regions like Europe, Japan, and the US are noted. Transformational leadership that
The document discusses the importance and definitions of leadership. It states that leadership is key to success in organizations and that a leader influences others to achieve goals. It then covers different leadership theories including trait, behavioral, situational, and relationship theories. It also discusses the differences between leadership and management.
The document discusses various aspects of leadership including definitions, characteristics, importance, styles, theories and skills. It defines leadership as a process to influence and guide others towards accomplishing goals. It describes key characteristics like being interpersonal and situation-dependent. Important leadership styles discussed include autocratic, laissez-faire, democratic and bureaucratic. Several theories of leadership are also summarized like the path-goal theory, great man theory, trait theory, transformational vs transactional leadership and Fiedler's contingency model. Effective leadership skills mentioned are time management, asking questions, work-life balance, growth opportunities, brainstorming, vision and courage.
There are different theories of leadership, including trait, behavioral, contingency, and emerging approaches. Trait theories attempt to identify consistent traits of leaders but have had limited success. Behavioral theories focus on identifying critical leadership behaviors that can be taught. Contingency theories emphasize that effective leadership depends on matching the leader's style to situational factors. Emerging approaches include charismatic, visionary, transformational, and team leadership. Effective leadership requires skills like communication, trust-building, and adapting style to employee and situational needs.
The sales manager blamed the sales staff for low sales figures and threatened to replace underperforming staff. A newly recruited former Sri Lankan cricketer supported the manager's argument that underperforming players on a cricket team would be replaced. However, the cricketer added that if the entire team fails continuously, the captain and coach would also be replaced, implying that the manager was ultimately responsible for leading the team's poor performance. The document then discusses various models and theories of leadership.
It is a detailed presentation on Leadership. Those who are interested in and learning management studies hope this will help them in making their own presentation. this will help them to learn about a new skill.
Leadership is defined as the ability to influence others towards achieving goals. It involves directing and guiding subordinates through both personal qualities and formal managerial role. There are different styles of leadership such as autocratic, where the leader has full control, and democratic, where the leader involves subordinates in decision making. Effective leadership depends on adapting one's style to the specific situation.
The document discusses leadership dynamics and models. It explains that leadership involves influence over followers to create real change for shared purposes. Effective leadership uses influence, establishes shared goals, and drives change. Leaders can influence followers through coercion, rewards, expertise, charisma or formal authority. Contingency models state that the best leadership style depends on situational factors. The Situational Leadership Model recommends different directive and supportive styles based on followers' readiness levels. Transformational leaders inspire followers through vision and confidence.
The document discusses leadership styles and traits of successful supervisors. It describes three common leadership styles - authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire. Authoritarian leaders retain a great deal of authority while democratic leaders seek input from employees. Laissez-faire leaders are uninvolved and let employees direct themselves. Contingency models suggest the best leadership style depends on situational factors like employee maturity and task structure. Traits like responsibility, self-confidence, and empathy are associated with successful supervision.
This document discusses various concepts related to management and leadership. It covers management functions like planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It also discusses managerial roles, activities, skills, and different types of managers. The document then covers various leadership concepts like Likert's job-centered and employee-centered leadership styles, Lewin's leadership styles, the structure and consideration leadership model, and several other leadership theories. It also discusses empowerment, impression management, decision making processes, and creativity tools.
This document discusses different types and styles of leadership. It defines formal leaders as those with authority from their position in a hierarchy, while informal leaders gain authority through personal qualities rather than position. It lists the roles of a leader as initiating action, providing motivation and guidance, creating confidence, building morale, establishing a good work environment, and coordinating efforts. The document also discusses different leadership styles like autocratic, laissez-faire, democratic/participative, and bureaucratic. It outlines several theories of leadership including traits theory, behavioral theory, contingency theory, situational theory, leader-member exchange theory, path-goal theory, and leader participation model.
1) Leadership involves influencing others and directing task-related activities, which requires an unequal distribution of power between leaders and followers.
2) Early approaches to studying leadership traits and behaviors found some common traits among effective leaders but also that leadership style must fit the situation.
3) Contingency models of leadership emphasize that the most effective leadership varies based on follower readiness, task structure, and other situational factors.
4) Transactional leaders focus on clarifying tasks and rewards, while transformational leaders inspire and motivate followers through personal vision and charisma.
1. The document discusses different types of leadership including types of power, empowerment, consideration behaviors, initiating structure, and contingency models of leadership.
2. It also covers transformational leadership, relationship-oriented versus task-oriented leadership styles, and the importance of emotional intelligence for leaders.
3. Key aspects of effective leadership discussed include influencing others, motivating subordinates to achieve goals, caring about subordinates, ensuring work gets done efficiently, and adapting leadership approaches to different situations.
This chapter discusses leadership and power in organizations. It defines leadership as the ability to lead a group and set challenging goals. The chapter then covers several theories of leadership, including trait theory and behavioral theories. It also discusses different leadership styles and the differences between leaders and managers. Finally, the chapter defines power as the ability to influence others and cause actions. It identifies six main types of power in leadership: legitimate, referent, expert, reward, coercive, and informational power.
Notes on Leadership In Organisation Behavior (Notes for BBA/B.com Students)Yamini Kahaliya
this is the notes on leadership in organisation behavior.
Leadership can be defined as the ability of the management to make sound decisions and inspire others to perform well. It is the process of directing the behavior of others towards achieving a common goal. In short, leadership is getting things done through others.
it covers following points :-
1.Definition
2.Importance of ledership
3.Leader V/s Manager
4.Leadership Styles
5.Theories of leadership
This document discusses job stress and ways to manage it. It begins by outlining various sources of job stress like excessive workload, unclear expectations, and poor workplace relationships. It then describes the physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms of stress as well as its long term health effects. Finally, it provides strategies for reducing stress at both the organizational level, such as ensuring reasonable workloads and defining roles clearly, and individual level, including exercise, relaxation techniques, and changing negative thought patterns.
This document outlines the characteristics, need, benefits, and effectiveness of organizational development (OD). Key characteristics of OD include planned change, encompassing the whole organization, long-range change, systems orientation, use of change agents, problem solving, experiential learning, collaborative management, group processes, organizational culture, feedback, and being situational/contingency oriented. OD aims to help make organizational culture more responsive through training for change. Benefits are that it provides opportunities for people to develop their full potential and makes organizations more effective at meeting goals in a challenging work environment. However, measuring the effectiveness of OD can be difficult due to many confounding variables and potential biases.
The document discusses various aspects of organizational change including:
1. The nature of change being vital to avoid stagnation and being a constant process rather than a single event.
2. Historical, political, management, organizational, people, and cultural components influencing change.
3. External forces like globalization and internal forces like organizational silence driving change.
4. The relationship between stability and change in organizations.
5. Reasons for resistance to change like insecurity, fear, and uncertainty.
6. Reactive versus proactive responses to change opportunities and threats.
This document discusses factors that influence job satisfaction and the effects of job satisfaction on employee performance and turnover. It finds that overall job satisfaction has declined in the US from 61% in 1987 to 47% in 2006. Key determinants of job satisfaction include the nature of the work, supervision, pay, promotion opportunities, and relationships with coworkers. Higher job satisfaction is linked to lower absenteeism and turnover. Dissatisfied employees may express their dissatisfaction through exit, voice, loyalty, or neglect.
Kurt Lewin's change theory consists of three stages: unfreezing, moving to a new level, and refreezing. The unfreezing stage involves finding a way to let go of an old, counterproductive pattern. The moving stage is the process of changing thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to something more productive. The refreezing stage establishes the new change as a habit to prevent backsliding into old ways. Force field analysis also examines driving forces that push for change and restraining forces that resist change, with equilibrium being when the two are balanced and no change occurs.
The document discusses power and politics in organizations. It defines power as the ability to influence others and achieve desired outcomes. There are two main types of power: formal power derived from one's position or role, and personal power stemming from individual attributes. Formal power includes coercive, reward, legitimate, and information power. Politics refers to activities used to influence decisions and gain advantages outside of one's formal job duties. Organizational politics can be both legitimate and illegitimate depending on whether means conform to organizational rules. Perceptions of politics in the workplace can negatively impact employee satisfaction if not properly managed.
Organizational culture refers to the shared values, beliefs, and assumptions that develop within an organization over time. It provides a sense of identity for members and enhances commitment to the organization's mission. A strong organizational culture is one in which core values are intensely held and widely shared. Culture is learned through artifacts, espoused values, and underlying assumptions. While most members share the dominant culture, subcultures may also form around different experiences or departments. Maintaining culture involves selection practices, actions of top management, and socialization of new employees. Organizational climate refers to current patterns of behavior and feelings in an organization, reflecting the shared perceptions of how things are done. It is shaped by and influences organizational culture.
The document provides guidance on participating effectively in a group discussion. It outlines the typical structure of a group discussion, including the number of participants and goal-oriented nature. It describes desirable qualities like subject knowledge, oral communication skills, leadership skills, and ability to manage the team. The document also discusses strategies for getting a discussion started, contributing systematically, creating a cooperative atmosphere, moving the discussion along, and concluding. Finally, it provides examples of common discussion topics and tips for participating effectively.
A project proposal is a formal, persuasive document that outlines a course of action to initiate new projects or solve problems. It states that in exchange for funding or resources, the proposer will deliver a desired outcome. Project proposals can be formal or informal, internal or external, and solicited or unsolicited. A formal proposal typically includes sections on the abstract, methodology, problem statement, organizational structure, project plan and schedule, advantages/disadvantages, proposed solution, and conclusion.
1. Oral presentations are a formal, structured way to communicate information to an audience using visual aids.
2. When preparing a presentation, presenters should plan by defining the purpose and analyzing the audience and occasion, prepare the content and visual aids, and practice delivering the presentation.
3. Effective delivery involves reducing stage fright through preparation, speaking clearly and making eye contact with the audience, and using natural gestures and good posture.
The document provides guidance on writing effective business correspondence and letters. It discusses topics like the purpose of letter writing, components of a business letter, styles of address, types of letters including letters of enquiry and quotation letters, and tips for responding to enquiries and tenders. Key points covered include introducing the letter, addressing the recipient appropriately, maintaining a polite and professional tone, and including all relevant details in the response.
2. Leadership Leadership is the process where a person exerts influence over others and inspires, motivates and directs their activities to achieve goals.Effective leadership increases the firm’s ability to meet new challenges.Leader:The person exerting the influence.Personal Leadership Style:the ways leaders choose to influence others.Some leaders delegate and support subordinates, others are very authoritarian.Managers at all levels have their own leadership style.
3. Leadership Across CulturesLeadership styles may vary over different cultures.European managers tend to be more people-oriented than American or Japanese managers.Japanese culture is very collective oriented, while American focuses more on profitability.Time horizons also are affected by cultures.U.S. firms often focus on short-run efforts.Japanese firms take a longer-term outlook.
5. Sources of PowerUsed to affect other’s behavior and get them to act in given ways.Legitimate Power:manager’s authority resulting by their management position in the firm.Can be power to hire/fire workers, assign work.Reward Power:based on the manager’s ability to give or withhold rewards.Pay raises, bonuses, verbal praise.Effective managers use reward power to signal employees they are doing a good job.
6. Sources of PowerCoercive Power:based in ability to punish others.Ranges from verbal reprimand to pay cuts to firing.Can have serious negative side effects.Expert Power:based on special skills of leader.First & middle managers have most expert power.Often found in technical ability.Referent Power:results from personal characteristics of the leader which earn worker’s respect, loyalty and admiration.Usually held by likable managers who are concerned about their workers.
7. EmpowermentProcess of giving workers at all levels authority to make decisions and the responsibility for their outcomes. Empowerment helps managers:Get workers involved in the decisions.Increase worker commitment and motivation.To focus on other issues.Effective managers usually empower substantial authority to workers.
8. Leadership Models Trait Model:sought to identify personal characteristics responsible for effective leadership.
9. Research shows that traits do appear to be connected to effective leadership.
17. Job-oriented.Consideration & Initiating StructureRate manager from 1 (never does) to 5 (always does)NOTE: for full survey, see Figure 13.2 in textFigure 13.2ConsiderationInitiating StructureIs friendly, approachableDo little things to make it funto be a member of groupGive advance notice of changesWilling to make changesTreats group members as equalsTries out ideas in the groupLets group members know what is expectedAssigns workers to tasksSchedules work to be doneMaintains standardsof performance
18. Theories of LeadershipTrait theories:Is there a set of characteristics that determine a good leader?Personality?Dominance and personal presence?Charisma?Self confidence?Achievement?Ability to formulate a clear vision?
19. Theories of LeadershipTrait theories:Are such characteristics inherently gender biased?Do such characteristics produce good leaders?Is leadership more than just bringing about change?Does this imply that leaders are born not bred?
20. Theories of LeadershipBehavioural:Imply that leaders can be trained – focus on the way of doing thingsStructure based behavioural theories – focus on the leader instituting structures – task orientatedRelationship based behavioural theories – focus on the development and maintenance of relationships – process orientated
21. Contingency Models Fiedler’s Model:effective leadership is contingent on both the characteristics of the leader and the situation. Leader style:the enduring, characteristic approach to leadership a manager uses.Relationship-oriented:concerned with developing good relations with workers.Task-oriented:concerned that workers perform so the job gets done.
22. Fiedler’s Model Situation characteristic:how favorable a given situation is for leading to occur.Leader-member relations:determines how much workers like and trust their leader.Task structure:extent to which workers tasks are clear-cut. Clear issues make a situation favorable for leadership.Position Power:amount of legitimate, reward, & coercive power a leader has due to their position.When positional power is strong, leadership opportunity becomes more favorable.
23. Leader-MemberRelations GOOD POORHIGH LO W HIGH LOW TaskStructureSWSWSWSWPositionPowerIIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIII1Kinds ofLeadershipSituationsVeryFavorableVeryUnfavorableRelationship-oriented managers most effective in IV, V, VI, VII.Task-oriented managers most effective in I, II, III or VIII.Fiedler’s Contingency ModelFigure 13.3
24. Using Fiedler’s ModelCan combine leader-member relations, task structure, and position power to identify leadership situations. Identifies situations where given types of managers might perform best.Seen in Figure 13.4.Leader style is a characteristic managers cannot change. Thus, managers will be most effective when:1) They are placed in leadership situations that suit their style.2) The situation can be changed to fit the manager.
25. House’s Path-Goal ModelModel suggests that effective leaders motivate workers to achieve by:1) Clearly identifying the outcomes workers are trying to achieve.2) Reward workers for high-performance and attainment.3) Clarifying the paths to the attainment of the goals.Path-Goalis a contingency model since it proposes the steps managers should take to motivate their workers.Based on Expectancy Theory.
26. Steps to Path-Goal1) Determine the outcomes your subordinates are trying to obtain.Can range from pay to job security or interesting work.Once outcomes determined, manager needs to be sure they have the reward power to provide these.2) Reward subordinates for high-performance and goal attainment with the desired outcomes.3) Clarify the paths to goal attainment for workers, remove obstacles to performance, and express confidence in worker’s ability.
27. Motivating with Path-goalPath-goal identifies four behaviors leaders can use:1) Directive behaviors:set goals, assign tasks, show how to do things.2) Supportive behavior:look out for the worker’s best interest.3) Participative behavior:give subordinates a say in matters that affect them.4) Achievement-oriented behavior:Setting very challenging goals, believing in worker’s abilities.Which behavior should be used depends on the worker and the tasks.
28. Behavioral Approach to LeadershipTheory X (Authoritarian)Most employees dislike work and will avoid it whenever possible.
29. Because most people dislike work, they have to be pushed, closely supervised, andthreatened with punishment to get them to help achieve the objectives of the organization.
30. Behavioral Approach to LeadershipTHEORY Y ( DEMOCRATIC) Most people find work as natural as play or rest, and their attitude toward work is related to their experiences with it.
31. People don’t have to be threatened with punishment to be motivated to assist an organization to accomplish its goal.Michigan & Ohio StudiesMICHIGAN STUDIESOHIO STUDIESHIGH CONSIDERATIONEMPLOYEE CENTEREDJOB CENTREDINITIATING STRUCTURE
35. Leader-Substitute ModelLeadership substitute: acts in the place of a leader and makes leadership unnecessary. Possible substitutes can be found:Characteristics of Subordinates:their skills, experience, motivation.Characteristics of context:the extent to which work is interesting and fun.Worker empowermentor Self-managed work teams reduce leadership needs.Managers need to be aware that they do not always need to directly exert influence over workers.
36. Transformational LeadershipStarted with von Pierer, CEO of Siemens, and allows dramatic improvements in management effectiveness. Transformational managers:Make subordinates aware of how important their jobs are by providing feedback to the worker.Make subordinates aware of their own need for personal growth and development.Empowerment of workers, added training help.Motivate workers to work for the good of the organization, not just themselves.
37. Transformational LeadersTransformational leaders are charismatic and have a vision of how good things can be.They are excited and clearly communicate this to subordinates.Transformational leaders openly share information with workers. Everyone is aware of problems and the need for change. Empowers workers to help with solutions.Transformational leaders engage in development of workers.Manager works hard to help them build skills.
38. Transactional LeadershipInvolves managers using the reward and coercive power to encourage high performance.Managers who push subordinates to change but do not seem to change themselves are transactional.The transactional manager does not have the “vision” of the Transformational leader.
40. Gender and LeadershipThe number of women managers is rising but still relatively low in top levels.Stereotypes suggest women are supportive and concerned with interpersonal relations. Similarly, men are seen as task-focused.Research indicates that actually there is no gender-based difference in leadership effectiveness.However, women are seen to be more participative than men.