The document provides an overview of curve sketching in calculus. It discusses objectives like sketching a function graph completely by identifying zeros, asymptotes, critical points, maxima/minima and inflection points. Examples are provided to demonstrate the increasing/decreasing test using derivatives and the concavity test to determine concave up/down regions. A step-by-step process is outlined to graph functions which involves analyzing monotonicity using the sign chart of the derivative and concavity using the second derivative sign chart. This is demonstrated on sketching the graph of a cubic function f(x)=2x^3-3x^2-12x.
This document provides an introduction to machine learning concepts including loss functions, empirical risk, and two basic methods of learning - least squared error and nearest neighborhood. It describes how machine learning aims to find an optimal function that minimizes empirical risk under a given loss function. Least squared error learning is discussed as minimizing the squared differences between predictions and labels. Nearest neighborhood is also introduced as an alternative method. The document serves as a high-level overview of fundamental machine learning principles.
This document is from a Calculus I class at New York University and covers antiderivatives. It begins with announcements about an upcoming quiz. The objectives are to find antiderivatives of simple functions, remember that a function whose derivative is zero must be constant, and solve rectilinear motion problems. It then outlines finding antiderivatives through tabulation, graphically, and with rectilinear motion examples. Examples are provided of finding the antiderivative of power functions like x^3 through identifying the power rule relationship between a function and its derivative.
The document provides examples and explanations for graphing quadratic functions. It begins with an overview of how the a, b, and c values in the quadratic function y=ax2 + bx + c impact the graph. Examples are then worked through step-by-step to show how to find the axis of symmetry, vertex, y-intercept, and additional points to graph the function. An application example models the height of a basketball shot as a quadratic function to find the maximum height and time to reach it. The document concludes with a check your understanding example modeling the height of a dive.
This document is from a Calculus I class at New York University. It provides an overview of functions, including the definition of a function, different ways functions can be represented (formulas, tables, graphs, verbal descriptions), properties of functions like monotonicity and symmetry, and examples of determining domains and ranges of functions. It aims to help students understand functions and their representations as a foundation for calculus.
This document contains lecture notes on derivatives from a Calculus I class at New York University. It discusses the derivative as a function, finding the derivative of other functions, and the relationship between a function and its derivative. The notes include examples of finding the derivative of the reciprocal function and state that if a function is decreasing on an interval, its derivative will be nonpositive on that interval, while if it is increasing the derivative will be nonnegative. It also contains proofs and graphs related to derivatives.
The document is a lecture note from an NYU Calculus I class covering the definite integral. It provides announcements about upcoming quizzes and exams. The content discusses computing definite integrals using Riemann sums and the limit of Riemann sums, as well as properties of the definite integral. Examples are given of calculating Riemann sums using different representative points in each interval.
The document is a mathematics exam for Form 3 students on the topic of graphs of functions. It contains 35 multiple choice questions testing students' understanding of key concepts like linear functions, independent and dependent variables, interpreting graphs of functions, and the relationship between algebraic equations and their graphs. It also contains 5 short answer questions asking students to explain terms and describe graphs.
Program on Quasi-Monte Carlo and High-Dimensional Sampling Methods for Applie...
This document provides an introduction to global sensitivity analysis. It discusses how sensitivity analysis can quantify the sensitivity of a model output to variations in its input parameters. It introduces Sobol' sensitivity indices, which measure the contribution of each input parameter to the variance of the model output. The document outlines how Sobol' indices are defined based on decomposing the model output variance into terms related to individual input parameters and their interactions. It notes that Sobol' indices are generally estimated using Monte Carlo-type sampling approaches due to the high-dimensional integrals involved in their exact calculation.
This document provides an overview of a 2004 CVPR tutorial on nonlinear manifolds in computer vision. The tutorial is divided into four parts that cover: (1) motivation for studying nonlinear manifolds and how differential geometry can be useful in vision, (2) tools from differential geometry like manifolds, tangent spaces, and geodesics, (3) statistics on manifolds like distributions and estimation, and (4) algorithms and applications in computer vision like pose estimation, tracking, and optimal linear projections. Nonlinear manifolds are important in computer vision as the underlying spaces in problems involving constraints like objects on circles or matrices with orthogonality constraints are nonlinear. Differential geometry provides a framework for generalizing tools from vector spaces to nonlinear
This document contains 6 math problems involving graphing functions. Each problem has parts that involve:
1) Completing a table of values for a function.
2) Graphing the function on graph paper using given scales.
3) Finding specific values from the graph.
4) Drawing and finding values from a linear function related to the original.
The problems provide practice graphing and extracting information from graphs of quadratic, cubic, rational, and other polynomial functions. The document demonstrates how to set up and solve multi-step math word problems involving graphing functions.
7.curves Further Mathematics Zimbabwe Zimsec Cambridge
The document discusses properties of curves defined by functions. It begins by listing objectives for understanding important points on graphs like maxima, minima, and inflection points. It emphasizes using graphing technology to experiment but not substitute for analytical work. Examples are provided to demonstrate finding maximums, minimums, intersections, and asymptotes of various functions. The key points are determining features of a curve from its defining function.
This document contains notes and formulae on additional mathematics for Form 4. It covers topics such as functions, quadratic equations, quadratic functions, indices and logarithms, coordinate geometry, statistics, circular measure, differentiation, solutions of triangles, and index numbers. The key points covered include the definition of functions, the formula for the sum and product of roots of a quadratic equation, the axis of symmetry and nature of roots of quadratic functions, and common differentiation rules.
The document contains 10 math problems involving graphing functions and inequalities on Cartesian planes. The problems involve sketching graphs of functions, finding coordinates that satisfy equations, drawing lines to solve equations, and shading regions defined by inequalities. Tables are used to list x and y values satisfying equations.
The document discusses spatial transformations and intensity transformations for image enhancement. Spatial transformations include scaling, rotation, translation, and shear, which can be represented using a matrix. Intensity transformations modify pixel intensities based on a transfer function and are used for contrast enhancement. Common transformations include image negative, powers, and logarithms. The appropriate transformation depends on the image content and which intensity values need enhancement.
This document provides information about Calculus I course at New York University in the summer of 2010, including contact information for the professor, Matthew Leingang. The course will cover functions, limits, derivatives, integrals, and other fundamental calculus concepts. It will meet Monday through Thursday evenings and include homework, quizzes, a midterm, and a final assessment. The required textbook can be purchased as a hardcover or looseleaf version bundled with an online homework system.
The document is from a Calculus I course at New York University and covers the topic of the derivative and rates of change. It discusses finding the slope of the tangent line to a curve at a given point, using the example of finding the slope of the tangent line to the curve y=x^2 at the point (2,4). It then shows this problem solved graphically and numerically by calculating the limit of the difference quotient as Δx approaches 0.
At times it is useful to consider a function whose derivative is a given function. We look at the general idea of reversing the differentiation process and its applications to rectilinear motion.
The chain rule helps us find a derivative of a composition of functions. It turns out that it's the product of the derivatives of the composed functions.
This document contains lecture notes from a Calculus I class discussing optimization problems. It begins with announcements about upcoming exams and courses the professor is teaching. It then presents an example problem about finding the rectangle of a fixed perimeter with the maximum area. The solution uses calculus techniques like taking the derivative to find the critical points and determine that the optimal rectangle is a square. The notes discuss strategies for solving optimization problems and summarize the key steps to take.
This document is from a Calculus I course at New York University and contains lecture notes on using the product rule and quotient rule to take derivatives. It provides examples of applying these rules, including deriving the product rule from first principles using a geometric argument about rates of change. The document emphasizes using these new rules over direct multiplication when taking derivatives of products and quotients.
This document contains lecture notes from a Calculus I class at New York University. It discusses the definition of continuity for functions, examples of continuous and discontinuous functions, and properties of continuous functions like sums, products, and compositions of continuous functions being continuous. It also addresses trigonometric functions like sin, cos, tan, and sec being continuous on their domains.
This document is a section from a Calculus I course at New York University covering maximum and minimum values. It begins with announcements about exams and assignments. The objectives are to understand the Extreme Value Theorem and Fermat's Theorem, and to use the Closed Interval Method to find extreme values. The document then covers the definitions of extreme points/values and the Extreme Value Theorem, which states that a continuous function on a closed interval attains maximum and minimum values. Examples are given to show the importance of the hypotheses in the theorem.
This document summarizes a calculus lecture on the Mean Value Theorem. It begins with announcements about exams and assignments. It then outlines the topics to be covered: Rolle's Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem, applications of the MVT, and why the MVT is important. It provides heuristic motivations and mathematical statements of Rolle's Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem. It also includes a proof of the Mean Value Theorem using Rolle's Theorem.
This document provides information about a Calculus I course taught by Professor Matthew Leingang at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at NYU. The course will cover fundamentals of calculus including limits, derivatives, integrals, and optimization. It will meet twice a week for lectures and recitations. Assessment will include weekly homework, biweekly quizzes, a midterm exam, and a final exam. Grades will be calculated based on scores on these assessments. The required textbook can be purchased in hardcover, looseleaf, or online formats. Students are encouraged to contact the professor or TAs with any questions.
This document provides an overview of integration by substitution. It begins with announcements about an upcoming review session, evaluations, and final exam. It then discusses the objectives and outline of the section, which are to transform integrals using substitutions, evaluate indefinite integrals using substitutions, and evaluate definite integrals using substitutions. An example is provided to illustrate how to use substitution to evaluate the indefinite integral of x/(x^2 + 1) by letting u = x^2 + 1. The solution uses a new notation of letting u = x^2 + 1 and du = 2x dx to rewrite the integral in terms of u.
- The document is a section from a calculus course at NYU that discusses using derivatives to determine the shapes of curves.
- It covers using the first derivative to determine if a function is increasing or decreasing over an interval using the Increasing/Decreasing Test. It also discusses using the second derivative to determine if a function is concave up or down over an interval using the Second Derivative Test.
- Examples are provided to demonstrate finding intervals of monotonicity for functions and classifying critical points as local maxima, minima or neither using the First Derivative Test.
Lesson 17: Indeterminate Forms and L'Hôpital's Rule
This document appears to be a lecture on indeterminate forms and L'Hopital's rule from a Calculus I course at New York University. It includes:
1) An introduction to different types of indeterminate forms such as 0/0, infinity/infinity, 0*infinity, etc.
2) Examples of limits that are indeterminate forms and experiments calculating their values.
3) A discussion of dividing limits and exceptions where the limit may not exist even when the numerator approaches a finite number and denominator approaches zero.
4) An outline of the topics to be covered, including L'Hopital's rule, other indeterminate limits, and a summary.
This document appears to be lecture notes on limits involving infinity from a Calculus I class at New York University. It begins with announcements about office hours and an upcoming quiz. It then reviews the definition of limits, discusses limits involving infinity like vertical asymptotes, and outlines topics to be covered like infinite limits, limit laws with infinity, and limits as x approaches infinity.
The document is a lecture on inverse trigonometric functions from a Calculus I class at New York University. It defines inverse trig functions like arcsin, arccos, and arctan and discusses their domains, ranges, and relationships to the original trig functions. It also provides examples of evaluating inverse trig functions at specific values.
The document provides an example of using the error-tolerance game to evaluate the limit of x^2 as x approaches 0. Player 1 claims the limit is 0, and is able to show for any error level chosen by Player 2, there exists a tolerance such that the values of x^2 are within the error level when x is within the tolerance of 0, demonstrating that the limit exists and is equal to 0.
This document contains notes from a Calculus I class at New York University. It discusses related rates problems, which involve taking derivatives of equations relating changing quantities to determine rates of change. The document provides examples of related rates problems involving an oil slick, two people walking towards and away from each other, and electrical resistors. It also outlines strategies for solving related rates problems, such as drawing diagrams, introducing notation, relating quantities with equations, and using the chain rule to solve for unknown rates.
Silberberg Chemistry Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change 4e Copy2
There are three main types of radioactive decay: alpha, beta, and gamma. Alpha decay involves emitting an alpha particle (helium nucleus) which decreases the mass and atomic numbers by 4 and 2 respectively. Beta decay involves emitting an electron or positron, which does not change mass number but increases or decreases the atomic number by 1. Gamma decay involves emitting high-energy photons without changing the nucleus. Nuclear equations must balance the total numbers of protons and nucleons between reactants and products.
This document contains notes from a calculus class lecture on evaluating definite integrals. It discusses using the evaluation theorem to evaluate definite integrals, writing derivatives as indefinite integrals, and interpreting definite integrals as the net change of a function over an interval. The document also contains examples of evaluating definite integrals, properties of integrals, and an outline of the key topics covered.
Lesson 24: Areas and Distances, The Definite Integral (slides)
We can define the area of a curved region by a process similar to that by which we determined the slope of a curve: approximation by what we know and a limit.
This document provides an example of graphing a cubic function step-by-step. It begins by finding the derivative to determine where the function is increasing and decreasing. The derivative is factored to yield a sign chart showing the function is decreasing on (-∞,-1) and (2,∞) and increasing on (-1,2). This information will be used to sketch the graph of the cubic function.
The document provides an overview of curve sketching techniques for functions. It discusses objectives like graphing functions completely and indicating key features. It then covers topics like the increasing/decreasing test, concavity test, a checklist for graphing functions, and examples of graphing cubic, quartic, and other types of functions. Examples are worked through step-by-step to demonstrate the process of analyzing monotonicity, concavity, and asymptotes to fully sketch the graph of various functions.
- The document is a lecture on calculus from an NYU course. It discusses using derivatives to determine the monotonicity and concavity of functions.
- There will be a quiz this week covering sections 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.7. Homework is due November 24.
- The lecture covers using the first derivative to determine if a function is increasing or decreasing over an interval, and using the second derivative to determine if a graph is concave up or down.
The document is a lecture note on derivatives and the shapes of curves. It discusses the mean value theorem and its applications to determining monotonicity and concavity of functions. Specifically, it covers:
- Using the first derivative test to find intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing by determining where the derivative is positive or negative
- Examples of applying this process to functions like x2 - 1 and x2/3(x + 2)
- Definitions of increasing, decreasing, and concavity
- How the second derivative test can determine concavity by examining the sign of the second derivative
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (Section 021 slides)
The document outlines a calculus class lecture on the fundamental theorem of calculus, including recalling the second fundamental theorem, stating the first fundamental theorem, and providing examples of differentiating functions defined by integrals. It gives announcements for upcoming class sections and exam dates, lists the objectives of the current section, and provides an outline of topics to be covered including area as a function, statements and proofs of the theorems, and applications to differentiation.
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (Section 021 slides)
The document provides an overview of Section 5.4 on the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus from a Calculus I course at New York University. It outlines topics to be covered, including recalling the Second Fundamental Theorem, stating the First Fundamental Theorem, and differentiating functions defined by integrals. Examples are provided to illustrate using the theorems to find derivatives and integrals.
The document provides notes on curve sketching from a Calculus I class at New York University. It includes announcements about an upcoming homework assignment and class, objectives of learning how to graph functions, and notes on techniques for curve sketching such as using the increasing/decreasing test and concavity test to determine properties of a function's graph. Examples are provided of graphing cubic and quartic functions as well as functions with absolute values.
Lesson 20: Derivatives and the Shape of Curves (Section 041 slides)
Describe the monotonicity of f(x) = arctan(x).
The derivative of arctan(x) is f'(x) = 1/(1+x^2), which is always positive. Therefore, f(x) = arctan(x) is an increasing function on (-∞,∞).
This document is from a Calculus I class at New York University and covers antiderivatives. It begins with announcements about an upcoming quiz. The objectives are to find antiderivatives of simple functions, remember that a function whose derivative is zero must be constant, and solve rectilinear motion problems. It then outlines finding antiderivatives through tabulation, graphically, and with rectilinear motion examples. The document provides examples of finding antiderivatives of power functions by using the power rule in reverse.
The document summarizes key points from Section 5.3 of a calculus class at New York University on evaluating definite integrals. It outlines the objectives of the section, provides an example of using the midpoint rule to estimate a definite integral, and reviews properties and comparison properties of definite integrals, including how to interpret definite integrals as the net change of a function over an interval.
This document outlines a calculus lecture on evaluating definite integrals. The lecture will:
1) Use the Evaluation Theorem to evaluate definite integrals and write antiderivatives as indefinite integrals.
2) Interpret definite integrals as the "net change" of a function over an interval.
3) Provide examples of evaluating definite integrals and estimating integrals using the midpoint rule.
4) Discuss properties of integrals such as additivity and illustrate how a definite integral from a to c can be broken into integrals from a to b and b to c.
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (Section 041 slides)
The document discusses the fundamental theorem of calculus. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered, including a review of the second fundamental theorem of calculus, an explanation of the first fundamental theorem of calculus, and examples of differentiating functions defined by integrals. It then provides more details on these topics, such as defining the integral as a limit, stating the second fundamental theorem, using integrals to represent concepts like distance traveled and mass, and working through an example of finding the derivative of a function defined by an integral.
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (Section 041 slides)
g(x) represents the area under the curve of f(t) from 0 to x. As x increases from 0 to 10, g(x) will increase, representing the accumulating area under f(t) over the interval [0,x].
Lesson 20: Derivatives and the Shape of Curves (Section 041 handout)
1) The document discusses using derivatives to determine the shapes of curves, including intervals of increasing/decreasing behavior, local extrema, and concavity.
2) Key tests covered are the increasing/decreasing test, first derivative test, concavity test, and second derivative test. These allow determining monotonicity, local extrema, and concavity from the signs of the first and second derivatives.
3) Examples demonstrate applying these tests to find the intervals of monotonicity, points of local extrema, and intervals of concavity for various functions.
f is decreasing on (−∞, −4/5] and increasing on [−4/5, ∞).
. . . . . .
V63.0121.021, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.2 The Shapes of Curves November 16, 2010 13 / 32
Here are the key points about g given f:
- g represents the area under the curve of f over successive intervals of the x-axis
- As x increases over an interval, g will increase if f is positive over that interval and decrease if f is negative
- The concavity (convexity or concavity) of g will match the concavity of f over each interval
In summary, the area function g, as defined by the integral of f, will have properties that correspond directly to the sign and concavity of f over successive intervals of integration.
- The document is from a Calculus I class at New York University and covers evaluating definite integrals.
- It discusses using the Evaluation Theorem to evaluate definite integrals, writing antiderivatives as indefinite integrals, and interpreting definite integrals as the net change of a function over an interval.
- Examples are provided of using the midpoint rule to estimate a definite integral, and properties of definite integrals like additivity and comparison properties are reviewed.
- The document is about evaluating definite integrals and contains sections on: evaluating definite integrals using the evaluation theorem, writing antiderivatives as indefinite integrals, interpreting definite integrals as net change over an interval, and examples of computing definite integrals.
- It discusses properties of definite integrals such as additivity and comparison properties, and provides examples of definite integrals that can be evaluated using known area formulas or by direct computation of antiderivatives.
This document provides guidance on developing effective lesson plans for calculus instructors. It recommends starting by defining specific learning objectives and assessments. Examples should be chosen carefully to illustrate concepts and engage students at a variety of levels. The lesson plan should include an introductory problem, definitions, theorems, examples, and group work. Timing for each section should be estimated. After teaching, the lesson can be improved by analyzing what was effective and what needs adjustment for the next time. Advanced preparation is key to looking prepared and ensuring students learn.
Streamlining assessment, feedback, and archival with auto-multiple-choice
Auto-multiple-choice (AMC) is an open-source optical mark recognition software package built with Perl, LaTeX, XML, and sqlite. I use it for all my in-class quizzes and exams. Unique papers are created for each student, fixed-response items are scored automatically, and free-response problems, after manual scoring, have marks recorded in the same process. In the first part of the talk I will discuss AMC’s many features and why I feel it’s ideal for a mathematics course. My contributions to the AMC workflow include some scripts designed to automate the process of returning scored papers
back to students electronically. AMC provides an email gateway, but I have written programs to return graded papers via the DAV protocol to student’s dropboxes on our (Sakai) learning management systems. I will also show how graded papers can be archived, with appropriate metadata tags, into an Evernote notebook.
This document discusses electronic grading of paper assessments using PDF forms. Key points include:
- Various tools for creating fillable PDF forms using LaTeX packages or desktop software.
- Methods for stamping completed forms onto scanned documents including using pdftk or overlaying in TikZ.
- Options for grading on tablets or desktops including GoodReader, PDFExpert, Adobe Acrobat.
- Extracting data from completed forms can be done in Adobe Acrobat or via command line with pdftk.
Integration by substitution is the chain rule in reverse.
NOTE: the final location is section specific. Section 1 (morning) is in SILV 703, Section 11 (afternoon) is in CANT 200
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (slides)
g(x) represents the area under the curve of f(t) between 0 and x.
.
x
What can you say about g? 2 4 6 8 10f
The First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Theorem (First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus)
Let f be a con nuous func on on [a, b]. Define the func on F on [a, b] by
∫ x
F(x) = f(t) dt
a
Then F is con nuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b) and for all x in (a, b),
F′(x
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (slides)
The document discusses the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, which has two parts. The first part states that if a function f is continuous on an interval, then the derivative of the integral of f is equal to f. This is proven using Riemann sums. The second part relates the integral of a function f to the integral of its derivative F'. Examples are provided to illustrate how the area under a curve relates to these concepts.
This document contains lecture notes on integration by substitution from a Calculus I class. It introduces the technique of substitution for both indefinite and definite integrals. For indefinite integrals, the substitution rule is presented, along with examples of using substitutions to evaluate integrals involving polynomials, trigonometric, exponential, and other functions. For definite integrals, the substitution rule is extended and examples are worked through both with and without first finding the indefinite integral. The document emphasizes that substitution often simplifies integrals and makes them easier to evaluate.
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (handout)
1) The document discusses lecture notes on Section 5.4: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus from a Calculus I course. 2) It covers stating and explaining the Fundamental Theorems of Calculus and using the first fundamental theorem to find derivatives of functions defined by integrals. 3) The lecture outlines the first fundamental theorem, which relates differentiation and integration, and gives examples of applying it.
This document contains lecture notes from a Calculus I class covering Section 5.3 on evaluating definite integrals. The notes discuss using the Evaluation Theorem to calculate definite integrals, writing derivatives as indefinite integrals, and interpreting definite integrals as the net change of a function over an interval. Examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating definite integrals using the midpoint rule approximation. Properties of integrals such as additivity and the relationship between definite and indefinite integrals are also outlined.
Lesson 24: Areas and Distances, The Definite Integral (handout)
We can define the area of a curved region by a process similar to that by which we determined the slope of a curve: approximation by what we know and a limit.
At times it is useful to consider a function whose derivative is a given function. We look at the general idea of reversing the differentiation process and its applications to rectilinear motion.
Uncountably many problems in life and nature can be expressed in terms of an optimization principle. We look at the process and find a few good examples.
The document discusses curve sketching of functions by analyzing their derivatives. It provides:
1) A checklist for graphing a function which involves finding where the function is positive/negative/zero, its monotonicity from the first derivative, and concavity from the second derivative.
2) An example of graphing the cubic function f(x) = 2x^3 - 3x^2 - 12x through analyzing its derivatives.
3) Explanations of the increasing/decreasing test and concavity test to determine monotonicity and concavity from a function's derivatives.
The document contains lecture notes on curve sketching from a Calculus I class. It discusses using the first and second derivative tests to determine properties of a function like monotonicity, concavity, maxima, minima, and points of inflection in order to sketch the graph of the function. It then provides an example of using these tests to sketch the graph of the cubic function f(x) = 2x^3 - 3x^2 - 12x.
Lesson 20: Derivatives and the Shapes of Curves (slides)
This document contains lecture notes on derivatives and the shapes of curves from a Calculus I class taught by Professor Matthew Leingang at New York University. The notes cover using derivatives to determine the intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing, classifying critical points as maxima or minima, using the second derivative to determine concavity, and applying the first and second derivative tests. Examples are provided to illustrate finding intervals of monotonicity for various functions.
Lesson 20: Derivatives and the Shapes of Curves (handout)
This document contains lecture notes on calculus from a Calculus I course. It covers determining the monotonicity of functions using the first derivative test. Key points include using the sign of the derivative to determine if a function is increasing or decreasing over an interval, and using the first derivative test to classify critical points as local maxima, minima, or neither. Examples are provided to demonstrate finding intervals of monotonicity for various functions and applying the first derivative test.
The Mean Value Theorem is the most important theorem in calculus. It is the first theorem which allows us to infer information about a function from information about its derivative. From the MVT we can derive tests for the monotonicity (increase or decrease) and concavity of a function.
There are various reasons why we would want to find the extreme (maximum and minimum values) of a function. Fermat's Theorem tells us we can find local extreme points by looking at critical points. This process is known as the Closed Interval Method.
There are various reasons why we would want to find the extreme (maximum and minimum values) of a function. Fermat's Theorem tells us we can find local extreme points by looking at critical points. This process is known as the Closed Interval Method.
Explore the latest advancements and upcoming innovations in web development with our guide to the trends shaping the future of digital experiences. Read our article today for more information.
How to Avoid Learning the Linux-Kernel Memory Model
The Linux-kernel memory model (LKMM) is a powerful tool for developing highly concurrent Linux-kernel code, but it also has a steep learning curve. Wouldn't it be great to get most of LKMM's benefits without the learning curve?
This talk will describe how to do exactly that by using the standard Linux-kernel APIs (locking, reference counting, RCU) along with a simple rules of thumb, thus gaining most of LKMM's power with less learning. And the full LKMM is always there when you need it!
Are you interested in dipping your toes in the cloud native observability waters, but as an engineer you are not sure where to get started with tracing problems through your microservices and application landscapes on Kubernetes? Then this is the session for you, where we take you on your first steps in an active open-source project that offers a buffet of languages, challenges, and opportunities for getting started with telemetry data.
The project is called openTelemetry, but before diving into the specifics, we’ll start with de-mystifying key concepts and terms such as observability, telemetry, instrumentation, cardinality, percentile to lay a foundation. After understanding the nuts and bolts of observability and distributed traces, we’ll explore the openTelemetry community; its Special Interest Groups (SIGs), repositories, and how to become not only an end-user, but possibly a contributor.We will wrap up with an overview of the components in this project, such as the Collector, the OpenTelemetry protocol (OTLP), its APIs, and its SDKs.
Attendees will leave with an understanding of key observability concepts, become grounded in distributed tracing terminology, be aware of the components of openTelemetry, and know how to take their first steps to an open-source contribution!
Key Takeaways: Open source, vendor neutral instrumentation is an exciting new reality as the industry standardizes on openTelemetry for observability. OpenTelemetry is on a mission to enable effective observability by making high-quality, portable telemetry ubiquitous. The world of observability and monitoring today has a steep learning curve and in order to achieve ubiquity, the project would benefit from growing our contributor community.
Performance Budgets for the Real World by Tammy Everts
Performance budgets have been around for more than ten years. Over those years, we’ve learned a lot about what works, what doesn’t, and what we need to improve. In this session, Tammy revisits old assumptions about performance budgets and offers some new best practices. Topics include:
• Understanding performance budgets vs. performance goals
• Aligning budgets with user experience
• Pros and cons of Core Web Vitals
• How to stay on top of your budgets to fight regressions
Scaling Connections in PostgreSQL Postgres Bangalore(PGBLR) Meetup-2 - Mydbops
This presentation, delivered at the Postgres Bangalore (PGBLR) Meetup-2 on June 29th, 2024, dives deep into connection pooling for PostgreSQL databases. Aakash M, a PostgreSQL Tech Lead at Mydbops, explores the challenges of managing numerous connections and explains how connection pooling optimizes performance and resource utilization.
Key Takeaways:
* Understand why connection pooling is essential for high-traffic applications
* Explore various connection poolers available for PostgreSQL, including pgbouncer
* Learn the configuration options and functionalities of pgbouncer
* Discover best practices for monitoring and troubleshooting connection pooling setups
* Gain insights into real-world use cases and considerations for production environments
This presentation is ideal for:
* Database administrators (DBAs)
* Developers working with PostgreSQL
* DevOps engineers
* Anyone interested in optimizing PostgreSQL performance
Contact info@mydbops.com for PostgreSQL Managed, Consulting and Remote DBA Services
Details of description part II: Describing images in practice - Tech Forum 2024
This presentation explores the practical application of image description techniques. Familiar guidelines will be demonstrated in practice, and descriptions will be developed “live”! If you have learned a lot about the theory of image description techniques but want to feel more confident putting them into practice, this is the presentation for you. There will be useful, actionable information for everyone, whether you are working with authors, colleagues, alone, or leveraging AI as a collaborator.
Link to presentation recording and transcript: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/details-of-description-part-ii-describing-images-in-practice/
Presented by BookNet Canada on June 25, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
How Netflix Builds High Performance Applications at Global Scale
We all want to build applications that are blazingly fast. We also want to scale them to users all over the world. Can the two happen together? Can users in the slowest of environments also get a fast experience? Learn how we do this at Netflix: how we understand every user's needs and preferences and build high performance applications that work for every user, every time.
“Intel’s Approach to Operationalizing AI in the Manufacturing Sector,” a Pres...
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/07/intels-approach-to-operationalizing-ai-in-the-manufacturing-sector-a-presentation-from-intel/
Tara Thimmanaik, AI Systems and Solutions Architect at Intel, presents the “Intel’s Approach to Operationalizing AI in the Manufacturing Sector,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
AI at the edge is powering a revolution in industrial IoT, from real-time processing and analytics that drive greater efficiency and learning to predictive maintenance. Intel is focused on developing tools and assets to help domain experts operationalize AI-based solutions in their fields of expertise.
In this talk, Thimmanaik explains how Intel’s software platforms simplify labor-intensive data upload, labeling, training, model optimization and retraining tasks. She shows how domain experts can quickly build vision models for a wide range of processes—detecting defective parts on a production line, reducing downtime on the factory floor, automating inventory management and other digitization and automation projects. And she introduces Intel-provided edge computing assets that empower faster localized insights and decisions, improving labor productivity through easy-to-use AI tools that democratize AI.
The document is about quadratic polynomial functions and contains the following information:
1. It discusses investigating relationships between numbers expressed in tables to represent them in the Cartesian plane, identifying patterns and creating conjectures to generalize and algebraically express this generalization, recognizing when this representation is a quadratic polynomial function of the type y = ax^2.
2. It provides examples of converting algebraic representations of quadratic polynomial functions into geometric representations in the Cartesian plane, distinguishing cases in which one variable is directly proportional to the square of the other, using or not using software or dynamic algebra and geometry applications.
3. It discusses characterizing the coefficients of quadratic functions, constructing their graphs in the Cartesian plane, and determining their zeros (
This document provides an introduction to machine learning concepts including loss functions, empirical risk, and two basic methods of learning - least squared error and nearest neighborhood. It describes how machine learning aims to find an optimal function that minimizes empirical risk under a given loss function. Least squared error learning is discussed as minimizing the squared differences between predictions and labels. Nearest neighborhood is also introduced as an alternative method. The document serves as a high-level overview of fundamental machine learning principles.
This document is from a Calculus I class at New York University and covers antiderivatives. It begins with announcements about an upcoming quiz. The objectives are to find antiderivatives of simple functions, remember that a function whose derivative is zero must be constant, and solve rectilinear motion problems. It then outlines finding antiderivatives through tabulation, graphically, and with rectilinear motion examples. Examples are provided of finding the antiderivative of power functions like x^3 through identifying the power rule relationship between a function and its derivative.
The document provides examples and explanations for graphing quadratic functions. It begins with an overview of how the a, b, and c values in the quadratic function y=ax2 + bx + c impact the graph. Examples are then worked through step-by-step to show how to find the axis of symmetry, vertex, y-intercept, and additional points to graph the function. An application example models the height of a basketball shot as a quadratic function to find the maximum height and time to reach it. The document concludes with a check your understanding example modeling the height of a dive.
This document is from a Calculus I class at New York University. It provides an overview of functions, including the definition of a function, different ways functions can be represented (formulas, tables, graphs, verbal descriptions), properties of functions like monotonicity and symmetry, and examples of determining domains and ranges of functions. It aims to help students understand functions and their representations as a foundation for calculus.
This document contains lecture notes on derivatives from a Calculus I class at New York University. It discusses the derivative as a function, finding the derivative of other functions, and the relationship between a function and its derivative. The notes include examples of finding the derivative of the reciprocal function and state that if a function is decreasing on an interval, its derivative will be nonpositive on that interval, while if it is increasing the derivative will be nonnegative. It also contains proofs and graphs related to derivatives.
The document is a lecture note from an NYU Calculus I class covering the definite integral. It provides announcements about upcoming quizzes and exams. The content discusses computing definite integrals using Riemann sums and the limit of Riemann sums, as well as properties of the definite integral. Examples are given of calculating Riemann sums using different representative points in each interval.
The document is a mathematics exam for Form 3 students on the topic of graphs of functions. It contains 35 multiple choice questions testing students' understanding of key concepts like linear functions, independent and dependent variables, interpreting graphs of functions, and the relationship between algebraic equations and their graphs. It also contains 5 short answer questions asking students to explain terms and describe graphs.
This document provides an introduction to global sensitivity analysis. It discusses how sensitivity analysis can quantify the sensitivity of a model output to variations in its input parameters. It introduces Sobol' sensitivity indices, which measure the contribution of each input parameter to the variance of the model output. The document outlines how Sobol' indices are defined based on decomposing the model output variance into terms related to individual input parameters and their interactions. It notes that Sobol' indices are generally estimated using Monte Carlo-type sampling approaches due to the high-dimensional integrals involved in their exact calculation.
This document provides an overview of a 2004 CVPR tutorial on nonlinear manifolds in computer vision. The tutorial is divided into four parts that cover: (1) motivation for studying nonlinear manifolds and how differential geometry can be useful in vision, (2) tools from differential geometry like manifolds, tangent spaces, and geodesics, (3) statistics on manifolds like distributions and estimation, and (4) algorithms and applications in computer vision like pose estimation, tracking, and optimal linear projections. Nonlinear manifolds are important in computer vision as the underlying spaces in problems involving constraints like objects on circles or matrices with orthogonality constraints are nonlinear. Differential geometry provides a framework for generalizing tools from vector spaces to nonlinear
This document contains 6 math problems involving graphing functions. Each problem has parts that involve:
1) Completing a table of values for a function.
2) Graphing the function on graph paper using given scales.
3) Finding specific values from the graph.
4) Drawing and finding values from a linear function related to the original.
The problems provide practice graphing and extracting information from graphs of quadratic, cubic, rational, and other polynomial functions. The document demonstrates how to set up and solve multi-step math word problems involving graphing functions.
7.curves Further Mathematics Zimbabwe Zimsec Cambridgealproelearning
The document discusses properties of curves defined by functions. It begins by listing objectives for understanding important points on graphs like maxima, minima, and inflection points. It emphasizes using graphing technology to experiment but not substitute for analytical work. Examples are provided to demonstrate finding maximums, minimums, intersections, and asymptotes of various functions. The key points are determining features of a curve from its defining function.
This document contains notes and formulae on additional mathematics for Form 4. It covers topics such as functions, quadratic equations, quadratic functions, indices and logarithms, coordinate geometry, statistics, circular measure, differentiation, solutions of triangles, and index numbers. The key points covered include the definition of functions, the formula for the sum and product of roots of a quadratic equation, the axis of symmetry and nature of roots of quadratic functions, and common differentiation rules.
The document contains 10 math problems involving graphing functions and inequalities on Cartesian planes. The problems involve sketching graphs of functions, finding coordinates that satisfy equations, drawing lines to solve equations, and shading regions defined by inequalities. Tables are used to list x and y values satisfying equations.
The document discusses spatial transformations and intensity transformations for image enhancement. Spatial transformations include scaling, rotation, translation, and shear, which can be represented using a matrix. Intensity transformations modify pixel intensities based on a transfer function and are used for contrast enhancement. Common transformations include image negative, powers, and logarithms. The appropriate transformation depends on the image content and which intensity values need enhancement.
This document provides information about Calculus I course at New York University in the summer of 2010, including contact information for the professor, Matthew Leingang. The course will cover functions, limits, derivatives, integrals, and other fundamental calculus concepts. It will meet Monday through Thursday evenings and include homework, quizzes, a midterm, and a final assessment. The required textbook can be purchased as a hardcover or looseleaf version bundled with an online homework system.
The document is from a Calculus I course at New York University and covers the topic of the derivative and rates of change. It discusses finding the slope of the tangent line to a curve at a given point, using the example of finding the slope of the tangent line to the curve y=x^2 at the point (2,4). It then shows this problem solved graphically and numerically by calculating the limit of the difference quotient as Δx approaches 0.
At times it is useful to consider a function whose derivative is a given function. We look at the general idea of reversing the differentiation process and its applications to rectilinear motion.
The chain rule helps us find a derivative of a composition of functions. It turns out that it's the product of the derivatives of the composed functions.
This document contains lecture notes from a Calculus I class discussing optimization problems. It begins with announcements about upcoming exams and courses the professor is teaching. It then presents an example problem about finding the rectangle of a fixed perimeter with the maximum area. The solution uses calculus techniques like taking the derivative to find the critical points and determine that the optimal rectangle is a square. The notes discuss strategies for solving optimization problems and summarize the key steps to take.
This document is from a Calculus I course at New York University and contains lecture notes on using the product rule and quotient rule to take derivatives. It provides examples of applying these rules, including deriving the product rule from first principles using a geometric argument about rates of change. The document emphasizes using these new rules over direct multiplication when taking derivatives of products and quotients.
This document contains lecture notes from a Calculus I class at New York University. It discusses the definition of continuity for functions, examples of continuous and discontinuous functions, and properties of continuous functions like sums, products, and compositions of continuous functions being continuous. It also addresses trigonometric functions like sin, cos, tan, and sec being continuous on their domains.
This document is a section from a Calculus I course at New York University covering maximum and minimum values. It begins with announcements about exams and assignments. The objectives are to understand the Extreme Value Theorem and Fermat's Theorem, and to use the Closed Interval Method to find extreme values. The document then covers the definitions of extreme points/values and the Extreme Value Theorem, which states that a continuous function on a closed interval attains maximum and minimum values. Examples are given to show the importance of the hypotheses in the theorem.
This document summarizes a calculus lecture on the Mean Value Theorem. It begins with announcements about exams and assignments. It then outlines the topics to be covered: Rolle's Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem, applications of the MVT, and why the MVT is important. It provides heuristic motivations and mathematical statements of Rolle's Theorem and the Mean Value Theorem. It also includes a proof of the Mean Value Theorem using Rolle's Theorem.
This document provides information about a Calculus I course taught by Professor Matthew Leingang at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at NYU. The course will cover fundamentals of calculus including limits, derivatives, integrals, and optimization. It will meet twice a week for lectures and recitations. Assessment will include weekly homework, biweekly quizzes, a midterm exam, and a final exam. Grades will be calculated based on scores on these assessments. The required textbook can be purchased in hardcover, looseleaf, or online formats. Students are encouraged to contact the professor or TAs with any questions.
This document provides an overview of integration by substitution. It begins with announcements about an upcoming review session, evaluations, and final exam. It then discusses the objectives and outline of the section, which are to transform integrals using substitutions, evaluate indefinite integrals using substitutions, and evaluate definite integrals using substitutions. An example is provided to illustrate how to use substitution to evaluate the indefinite integral of x/(x^2 + 1) by letting u = x^2 + 1. The solution uses a new notation of letting u = x^2 + 1 and du = 2x dx to rewrite the integral in terms of u.
- The document is a section from a calculus course at NYU that discusses using derivatives to determine the shapes of curves.
- It covers using the first derivative to determine if a function is increasing or decreasing over an interval using the Increasing/Decreasing Test. It also discusses using the second derivative to determine if a function is concave up or down over an interval using the Second Derivative Test.
- Examples are provided to demonstrate finding intervals of monotonicity for functions and classifying critical points as local maxima, minima or neither using the First Derivative Test.
Lesson 17: Indeterminate Forms and L'Hôpital's RuleMatthew Leingang
This document appears to be a lecture on indeterminate forms and L'Hopital's rule from a Calculus I course at New York University. It includes:
1) An introduction to different types of indeterminate forms such as 0/0, infinity/infinity, 0*infinity, etc.
2) Examples of limits that are indeterminate forms and experiments calculating their values.
3) A discussion of dividing limits and exceptions where the limit may not exist even when the numerator approaches a finite number and denominator approaches zero.
4) An outline of the topics to be covered, including L'Hopital's rule, other indeterminate limits, and a summary.
This document appears to be lecture notes on limits involving infinity from a Calculus I class at New York University. It begins with announcements about office hours and an upcoming quiz. It then reviews the definition of limits, discusses limits involving infinity like vertical asymptotes, and outlines topics to be covered like infinite limits, limit laws with infinity, and limits as x approaches infinity.
The document is a lecture on inverse trigonometric functions from a Calculus I class at New York University. It defines inverse trig functions like arcsin, arccos, and arctan and discusses their domains, ranges, and relationships to the original trig functions. It also provides examples of evaluating inverse trig functions at specific values.
The document provides an example of using the error-tolerance game to evaluate the limit of x^2 as x approaches 0. Player 1 claims the limit is 0, and is able to show for any error level chosen by Player 2, there exists a tolerance such that the values of x^2 are within the error level when x is within the tolerance of 0, demonstrating that the limit exists and is equal to 0.
This document contains notes from a Calculus I class at New York University. It discusses related rates problems, which involve taking derivatives of equations relating changing quantities to determine rates of change. The document provides examples of related rates problems involving an oil slick, two people walking towards and away from each other, and electrical resistors. It also outlines strategies for solving related rates problems, such as drawing diagrams, introducing notation, relating quantities with equations, and using the chain rule to solve for unknown rates.
Silberberg Chemistry Molecular Nature Of Matter And Change 4e Copy2jeksespina
There are three main types of radioactive decay: alpha, beta, and gamma. Alpha decay involves emitting an alpha particle (helium nucleus) which decreases the mass and atomic numbers by 4 and 2 respectively. Beta decay involves emitting an electron or positron, which does not change mass number but increases or decreases the atomic number by 1. Gamma decay involves emitting high-energy photons without changing the nucleus. Nuclear equations must balance the total numbers of protons and nucleons between reactants and products.
This document contains notes from a calculus class lecture on evaluating definite integrals. It discusses using the evaluation theorem to evaluate definite integrals, writing derivatives as indefinite integrals, and interpreting definite integrals as the net change of a function over an interval. The document also contains examples of evaluating definite integrals, properties of integrals, and an outline of the key topics covered.
Lesson 24: Areas and Distances, The Definite Integral (slides)Matthew Leingang
We can define the area of a curved region by a process similar to that by which we determined the slope of a curve: approximation by what we know and a limit.
This document provides an example of graphing a cubic function step-by-step. It begins by finding the derivative to determine where the function is increasing and decreasing. The derivative is factored to yield a sign chart showing the function is decreasing on (-∞,-1) and (2,∞) and increasing on (-1,2). This information will be used to sketch the graph of the cubic function.
The document provides an overview of curve sketching techniques for functions. It discusses objectives like graphing functions completely and indicating key features. It then covers topics like the increasing/decreasing test, concavity test, a checklist for graphing functions, and examples of graphing cubic, quartic, and other types of functions. Examples are worked through step-by-step to demonstrate the process of analyzing monotonicity, concavity, and asymptotes to fully sketch the graph of various functions.
- The document is a lecture on calculus from an NYU course. It discusses using derivatives to determine the monotonicity and concavity of functions.
- There will be a quiz this week covering sections 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.7. Homework is due November 24.
- The lecture covers using the first derivative to determine if a function is increasing or decreasing over an interval, and using the second derivative to determine if a graph is concave up or down.
The document is a lecture note on derivatives and the shapes of curves. It discusses the mean value theorem and its applications to determining monotonicity and concavity of functions. Specifically, it covers:
- Using the first derivative test to find intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing by determining where the derivative is positive or negative
- Examples of applying this process to functions like x2 - 1 and x2/3(x + 2)
- Definitions of increasing, decreasing, and concavity
- How the second derivative test can determine concavity by examining the sign of the second derivative
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (Section 021 slides)Matthew Leingang
The document outlines a calculus class lecture on the fundamental theorem of calculus, including recalling the second fundamental theorem, stating the first fundamental theorem, and providing examples of differentiating functions defined by integrals. It gives announcements for upcoming class sections and exam dates, lists the objectives of the current section, and provides an outline of topics to be covered including area as a function, statements and proofs of the theorems, and applications to differentiation.
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (Section 021 slides)Mel Anthony Pepito
The document provides an overview of Section 5.4 on the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus from a Calculus I course at New York University. It outlines topics to be covered, including recalling the Second Fundamental Theorem, stating the First Fundamental Theorem, and differentiating functions defined by integrals. Examples are provided to illustrate using the theorems to find derivatives and integrals.
The document provides notes on curve sketching from a Calculus I class at New York University. It includes announcements about an upcoming homework assignment and class, objectives of learning how to graph functions, and notes on techniques for curve sketching such as using the increasing/decreasing test and concavity test to determine properties of a function's graph. Examples are provided of graphing cubic and quartic functions as well as functions with absolute values.
Lesson 20: Derivatives and the Shape of Curves (Section 041 slides)Mel Anthony Pepito
Describe the monotonicity of f(x) = arctan(x).
The derivative of arctan(x) is f'(x) = 1/(1+x^2), which is always positive. Therefore, f(x) = arctan(x) is an increasing function on (-∞,∞).
This document is from a Calculus I class at New York University and covers antiderivatives. It begins with announcements about an upcoming quiz. The objectives are to find antiderivatives of simple functions, remember that a function whose derivative is zero must be constant, and solve rectilinear motion problems. It then outlines finding antiderivatives through tabulation, graphically, and with rectilinear motion examples. The document provides examples of finding antiderivatives of power functions by using the power rule in reverse.
Lesson 25: Evaluating Definite Integrals (Section 041 slides)Mel Anthony Pepito
The document summarizes key points from Section 5.3 of a calculus class at New York University on evaluating definite integrals. It outlines the objectives of the section, provides an example of using the midpoint rule to estimate a definite integral, and reviews properties and comparison properties of definite integrals, including how to interpret definite integrals as the net change of a function over an interval.
This document outlines a calculus lecture on evaluating definite integrals. The lecture will:
1) Use the Evaluation Theorem to evaluate definite integrals and write antiderivatives as indefinite integrals.
2) Interpret definite integrals as the "net change" of a function over an interval.
3) Provide examples of evaluating definite integrals and estimating integrals using the midpoint rule.
4) Discuss properties of integrals such as additivity and illustrate how a definite integral from a to c can be broken into integrals from a to b and b to c.
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (Section 041 slides)Mel Anthony Pepito
The document discusses the fundamental theorem of calculus. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered, including a review of the second fundamental theorem of calculus, an explanation of the first fundamental theorem of calculus, and examples of differentiating functions defined by integrals. It then provides more details on these topics, such as defining the integral as a limit, stating the second fundamental theorem, using integrals to represent concepts like distance traveled and mass, and working through an example of finding the derivative of a function defined by an integral.
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (Section 041 slides)Matthew Leingang
g(x) represents the area under the curve of f(t) from 0 to x. As x increases from 0 to 10, g(x) will increase, representing the accumulating area under f(t) over the interval [0,x].
Lesson 20: Derivatives and the Shape of Curves (Section 041 handout)Matthew Leingang
1) The document discusses using derivatives to determine the shapes of curves, including intervals of increasing/decreasing behavior, local extrema, and concavity.
2) Key tests covered are the increasing/decreasing test, first derivative test, concavity test, and second derivative test. These allow determining monotonicity, local extrema, and concavity from the signs of the first and second derivatives.
3) Examples demonstrate applying these tests to find the intervals of monotonicity, points of local extrema, and intervals of concavity for various functions.
Lesson20 -derivatives_and_the_shape_of_curves_021_slidesMel Anthony Pepito
f is decreasing on (−∞, −4/5] and increasing on [−4/5, ∞).
. . . . . .
V63.0121.021, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.2 The Shapes of Curves November 16, 2010 13 / 32
Here are the key points about g given f:
- g represents the area under the curve of f over successive intervals of the x-axis
- As x increases over an interval, g will increase if f is positive over that interval and decrease if f is negative
- The concavity (convexity or concavity) of g will match the concavity of f over each interval
In summary, the area function g, as defined by the integral of f, will have properties that correspond directly to the sign and concavity of f over successive intervals of integration.
- The document is from a Calculus I class at New York University and covers evaluating definite integrals.
- It discusses using the Evaluation Theorem to evaluate definite integrals, writing antiderivatives as indefinite integrals, and interpreting definite integrals as the net change of a function over an interval.
- Examples are provided of using the midpoint rule to estimate a definite integral, and properties of definite integrals like additivity and comparison properties are reviewed.
- The document is about evaluating definite integrals and contains sections on: evaluating definite integrals using the evaluation theorem, writing antiderivatives as indefinite integrals, interpreting definite integrals as net change over an interval, and examples of computing definite integrals.
- It discusses properties of definite integrals such as additivity and comparison properties, and provides examples of definite integrals that can be evaluated using known area formulas or by direct computation of antiderivatives.
This document provides guidance on developing effective lesson plans for calculus instructors. It recommends starting by defining specific learning objectives and assessments. Examples should be chosen carefully to illustrate concepts and engage students at a variety of levels. The lesson plan should include an introductory problem, definitions, theorems, examples, and group work. Timing for each section should be estimated. After teaching, the lesson can be improved by analyzing what was effective and what needs adjustment for the next time. Advanced preparation is key to looking prepared and ensuring students learn.
Streamlining assessment, feedback, and archival with auto-multiple-choiceMatthew Leingang
Auto-multiple-choice (AMC) is an open-source optical mark recognition software package built with Perl, LaTeX, XML, and sqlite. I use it for all my in-class quizzes and exams. Unique papers are created for each student, fixed-response items are scored automatically, and free-response problems, after manual scoring, have marks recorded in the same process. In the first part of the talk I will discuss AMC’s many features and why I feel it’s ideal for a mathematics course. My contributions to the AMC workflow include some scripts designed to automate the process of returning scored papers
back to students electronically. AMC provides an email gateway, but I have written programs to return graded papers via the DAV protocol to student’s dropboxes on our (Sakai) learning management systems. I will also show how graded papers can be archived, with appropriate metadata tags, into an Evernote notebook.
This document discusses electronic grading of paper assessments using PDF forms. Key points include:
- Various tools for creating fillable PDF forms using LaTeX packages or desktop software.
- Methods for stamping completed forms onto scanned documents including using pdftk or overlaying in TikZ.
- Options for grading on tablets or desktops including GoodReader, PDFExpert, Adobe Acrobat.
- Extracting data from completed forms can be done in Adobe Acrobat or via command line with pdftk.
Integration by substitution is the chain rule in reverse.
NOTE: the final location is section specific. Section 1 (morning) is in SILV 703, Section 11 (afternoon) is in CANT 200
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (slides)Matthew Leingang
g(x) represents the area under the curve of f(t) between 0 and x.
.
x
What can you say about g? 2 4 6 8 10f
The First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Theorem (First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus)
Let f be a con nuous func on on [a, b]. Define the func on F on [a, b] by
∫ x
F(x) = f(t) dt
a
Then F is con nuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b) and for all x in (a, b),
F′(x
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (slides)Matthew Leingang
The document discusses the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, which has two parts. The first part states that if a function f is continuous on an interval, then the derivative of the integral of f is equal to f. This is proven using Riemann sums. The second part relates the integral of a function f to the integral of its derivative F'. Examples are provided to illustrate how the area under a curve relates to these concepts.
Lesson 27: Integration by Substitution (handout)Matthew Leingang
This document contains lecture notes on integration by substitution from a Calculus I class. It introduces the technique of substitution for both indefinite and definite integrals. For indefinite integrals, the substitution rule is presented, along with examples of using substitutions to evaluate integrals involving polynomials, trigonometric, exponential, and other functions. For definite integrals, the substitution rule is extended and examples are worked through both with and without first finding the indefinite integral. The document emphasizes that substitution often simplifies integrals and makes them easier to evaluate.
Lesson 26: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (handout)Matthew Leingang
1) The document discusses lecture notes on Section 5.4: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus from a Calculus I course. 2) It covers stating and explaining the Fundamental Theorems of Calculus and using the first fundamental theorem to find derivatives of functions defined by integrals. 3) The lecture outlines the first fundamental theorem, which relates differentiation and integration, and gives examples of applying it.
This document contains lecture notes from a Calculus I class covering Section 5.3 on evaluating definite integrals. The notes discuss using the Evaluation Theorem to calculate definite integrals, writing derivatives as indefinite integrals, and interpreting definite integrals as the net change of a function over an interval. Examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating definite integrals using the midpoint rule approximation. Properties of integrals such as additivity and the relationship between definite and indefinite integrals are also outlined.
Lesson 24: Areas and Distances, The Definite Integral (handout)Matthew Leingang
We can define the area of a curved region by a process similar to that by which we determined the slope of a curve: approximation by what we know and a limit.
At times it is useful to consider a function whose derivative is a given function. We look at the general idea of reversing the differentiation process and its applications to rectilinear motion.
Uncountably many problems in life and nature can be expressed in terms of an optimization principle. We look at the process and find a few good examples.
The document discusses curve sketching of functions by analyzing their derivatives. It provides:
1) A checklist for graphing a function which involves finding where the function is positive/negative/zero, its monotonicity from the first derivative, and concavity from the second derivative.
2) An example of graphing the cubic function f(x) = 2x^3 - 3x^2 - 12x through analyzing its derivatives.
3) Explanations of the increasing/decreasing test and concavity test to determine monotonicity and concavity from a function's derivatives.
The document contains lecture notes on curve sketching from a Calculus I class. It discusses using the first and second derivative tests to determine properties of a function like monotonicity, concavity, maxima, minima, and points of inflection in order to sketch the graph of the function. It then provides an example of using these tests to sketch the graph of the cubic function f(x) = 2x^3 - 3x^2 - 12x.
Lesson 20: Derivatives and the Shapes of Curves (slides)Matthew Leingang
This document contains lecture notes on derivatives and the shapes of curves from a Calculus I class taught by Professor Matthew Leingang at New York University. The notes cover using derivatives to determine the intervals where a function is increasing or decreasing, classifying critical points as maxima or minima, using the second derivative to determine concavity, and applying the first and second derivative tests. Examples are provided to illustrate finding intervals of monotonicity for various functions.
Lesson 20: Derivatives and the Shapes of Curves (handout)Matthew Leingang
This document contains lecture notes on calculus from a Calculus I course. It covers determining the monotonicity of functions using the first derivative test. Key points include using the sign of the derivative to determine if a function is increasing or decreasing over an interval, and using the first derivative test to classify critical points as local maxima, minima, or neither. Examples are provided to demonstrate finding intervals of monotonicity for various functions and applying the first derivative test.
The Mean Value Theorem is the most important theorem in calculus. It is the first theorem which allows us to infer information about a function from information about its derivative. From the MVT we can derive tests for the monotonicity (increase or decrease) and concavity of a function.
There are various reasons why we would want to find the extreme (maximum and minimum values) of a function. Fermat's Theorem tells us we can find local extreme points by looking at critical points. This process is known as the Closed Interval Method.
There are various reasons why we would want to find the extreme (maximum and minimum values) of a function. Fermat's Theorem tells us we can find local extreme points by looking at critical points. This process is known as the Closed Interval Method.
What's Next Web Development Trends to Watch.pdfSeasiaInfotech2
Explore the latest advancements and upcoming innovations in web development with our guide to the trends shaping the future of digital experiences. Read our article today for more information.
How to Avoid Learning the Linux-Kernel Memory ModelScyllaDB
The Linux-kernel memory model (LKMM) is a powerful tool for developing highly concurrent Linux-kernel code, but it also has a steep learning curve. Wouldn't it be great to get most of LKMM's benefits without the learning curve?
This talk will describe how to do exactly that by using the standard Linux-kernel APIs (locking, reference counting, RCU) along with a simple rules of thumb, thus gaining most of LKMM's power with less learning. And the full LKMM is always there when you need it!
Are you interested in dipping your toes in the cloud native observability waters, but as an engineer you are not sure where to get started with tracing problems through your microservices and application landscapes on Kubernetes? Then this is the session for you, where we take you on your first steps in an active open-source project that offers a buffet of languages, challenges, and opportunities for getting started with telemetry data.
The project is called openTelemetry, but before diving into the specifics, we’ll start with de-mystifying key concepts and terms such as observability, telemetry, instrumentation, cardinality, percentile to lay a foundation. After understanding the nuts and bolts of observability and distributed traces, we’ll explore the openTelemetry community; its Special Interest Groups (SIGs), repositories, and how to become not only an end-user, but possibly a contributor.We will wrap up with an overview of the components in this project, such as the Collector, the OpenTelemetry protocol (OTLP), its APIs, and its SDKs.
Attendees will leave with an understanding of key observability concepts, become grounded in distributed tracing terminology, be aware of the components of openTelemetry, and know how to take their first steps to an open-source contribution!
Key Takeaways: Open source, vendor neutral instrumentation is an exciting new reality as the industry standardizes on openTelemetry for observability. OpenTelemetry is on a mission to enable effective observability by making high-quality, portable telemetry ubiquitous. The world of observability and monitoring today has a steep learning curve and in order to achieve ubiquity, the project would benefit from growing our contributor community.
Performance Budgets for the Real World by Tammy EvertsScyllaDB
Performance budgets have been around for more than ten years. Over those years, we’ve learned a lot about what works, what doesn’t, and what we need to improve. In this session, Tammy revisits old assumptions about performance budgets and offers some new best practices. Topics include:
• Understanding performance budgets vs. performance goals
• Aligning budgets with user experience
• Pros and cons of Core Web Vitals
• How to stay on top of your budgets to fight regressions
Scaling Connections in PostgreSQL Postgres Bangalore(PGBLR) Meetup-2 - MydbopsMydbops
This presentation, delivered at the Postgres Bangalore (PGBLR) Meetup-2 on June 29th, 2024, dives deep into connection pooling for PostgreSQL databases. Aakash M, a PostgreSQL Tech Lead at Mydbops, explores the challenges of managing numerous connections and explains how connection pooling optimizes performance and resource utilization.
Key Takeaways:
* Understand why connection pooling is essential for high-traffic applications
* Explore various connection poolers available for PostgreSQL, including pgbouncer
* Learn the configuration options and functionalities of pgbouncer
* Discover best practices for monitoring and troubleshooting connection pooling setups
* Gain insights into real-world use cases and considerations for production environments
This presentation is ideal for:
* Database administrators (DBAs)
* Developers working with PostgreSQL
* DevOps engineers
* Anyone interested in optimizing PostgreSQL performance
Contact info@mydbops.com for PostgreSQL Managed, Consulting and Remote DBA Services
Details of description part II: Describing images in practice - Tech Forum 2024BookNet Canada
This presentation explores the practical application of image description techniques. Familiar guidelines will be demonstrated in practice, and descriptions will be developed “live”! If you have learned a lot about the theory of image description techniques but want to feel more confident putting them into practice, this is the presentation for you. There will be useful, actionable information for everyone, whether you are working with authors, colleagues, alone, or leveraging AI as a collaborator.
Link to presentation recording and transcript: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/details-of-description-part-ii-describing-images-in-practice/
Presented by BookNet Canada on June 25, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
How Netflix Builds High Performance Applications at Global ScaleScyllaDB
We all want to build applications that are blazingly fast. We also want to scale them to users all over the world. Can the two happen together? Can users in the slowest of environments also get a fast experience? Learn how we do this at Netflix: how we understand every user's needs and preferences and build high performance applications that work for every user, every time.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/07/intels-approach-to-operationalizing-ai-in-the-manufacturing-sector-a-presentation-from-intel/
Tara Thimmanaik, AI Systems and Solutions Architect at Intel, presents the “Intel’s Approach to Operationalizing AI in the Manufacturing Sector,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
AI at the edge is powering a revolution in industrial IoT, from real-time processing and analytics that drive greater efficiency and learning to predictive maintenance. Intel is focused on developing tools and assets to help domain experts operationalize AI-based solutions in their fields of expertise.
In this talk, Thimmanaik explains how Intel’s software platforms simplify labor-intensive data upload, labeling, training, model optimization and retraining tasks. She shows how domain experts can quickly build vision models for a wide range of processes—detecting defective parts on a production line, reducing downtime on the factory floor, automating inventory management and other digitization and automation projects. And she introduces Intel-provided edge computing assets that empower faster localized insights and decisions, improving labor productivity through easy-to-use AI tools that democratize AI.
“Intel’s Approach to Operationalizing AI in the Manufacturing Sector,” a Pres...
Lesson 21: Curve Sketching
1. Section 4.4
Curve Sketching
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I
New York University
June 10, 2010
Announcements
Homework 4 due Tuesday
. . . . . .
2. Announcements
Homework 4 due Tuesday
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 2 / 45
3. Objectives
given a function, graph it
completely, indicating
zeroes (if easy)
asymptotes if applicable
critical points
local/global max/min
inflection points
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 3 / 45
4. Why?
Graphing functions is like
dissection
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 4 / 45
5. Why?
Graphing functions is like
dissection … or diagramming
sentences
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 4 / 45
6. Why?
Graphing functions is like
dissection … or diagramming
sentences
You can really know a lot about
a function when you know all of
its anatomy.
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 4 / 45
7. The Increasing/Decreasing Test
Theorem (The Increasing/Decreasing Test)
If f′ > 0 on (a, b), then f is increasing on (a, b). If f′ < 0 on (a, b), then f
is decreasing on (a, b).
Example
Here f(x) = x3 + x2 , and f′ (x) = 3x2 + 2x.
f
.(x)
.′ (x)
f
.
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 5 / 45
8. Testing for Concavity
Theorem (Concavity Test)
If f′′ (x) > 0 for all x in (a, b), then the graph of f is concave upward on
(a, b) If f′′ (x) < 0 for all x in (a, b), then the graph of f is concave
downward on (a, b).
Example
Here f(x) = x3 + x2 , f′ (x) = 3x2 + 2x, and f′′ (x) = 6x + 2.
.′′ (x)
f f
.(x)
.′ (x)
f
.
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 6 / 45
9. Graphing Checklist
To graph a function f, follow this plan:
0. Find when f is positive, negative, zero,
not defined.
1. Find f′ and form its sign chart. Conclude
information about increasing/decreasing
and local max/min.
2. Find f′′ and form its sign chart. Conclude
concave up/concave down and inflection.
3. Put together a big chart to assemble
monotonicity and concavity data
4. Graph!
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 7 / 45
10. Outline
Simple examples
A cubic function
A quartic function
More Examples
Points of nondifferentiability
Horizontal asymptotes
Vertical asymptotes
Trigonometric and polynomial together
Logarithmic
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 8 / 45
11. Graphing a cubic
Example
Graph f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x.
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 9 / 45
12. Graphing a cubic
Example
Graph f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x.
(Step 0) First, let’s find the zeros. We can at least factor out one power
of x:
f(x) = x(2x2 − 3x − 12)
so f(0) = 0. The other factor is a quadratic, so we the other two roots
are √
√
3 ± 32 − 4(2)(−12) 3 ± 105
x= =
4 4
It’s OK to skip this step for now since the roots are so complicated.
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 9 / 45
13. Step 1: Monotonicity
f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
=⇒ f′ (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = 6(x + 1)(x − 2)
We can form a sign chart from this:
.
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 10 / 45
14. Step 1: Monotonicity
f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
=⇒ f′ (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = 6(x + 1)(x − 2)
We can form a sign chart from this:
. . . −2
x
2
.
. x
. +1
−
. 1
.′ (x)
f
. .
−
. 1 2
. f
.(x)
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 10 / 45
15. Step 1: Monotonicity
f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
=⇒ f′ (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = 6(x + 1)(x − 2)
We can form a sign chart from this:
−
. −
. . . .
+
. −2
x
2
.
. x
. +1
−
. 1
.′ (x)
f
. .
−
. 1 2
. f
.(x)
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 10 / 45
16. Step 1: Monotonicity
f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
=⇒ f′ (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = 6(x + 1)(x − 2)
We can form a sign chart from this:
−
. −
. . . .
+
. −2
x
2
.
−
. . .
+ .
+
x
. +1
−
. 1
.′ (x)
f
. .
−
. 1 2
. f
.(x)
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 10 / 45
17. Step 1: Monotonicity
f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
=⇒ f′ (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = 6(x + 1)(x − 2)
We can form a sign chart from this:
−
. −
. . . .
+
. −2
x
2
.
−
. . .
+ .
+
x
. +1
−
. 1
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
−
. 1 2
. f
.(x)
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 10 / 45
18. Step 1: Monotonicity
f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
=⇒ f′ (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = 6(x + 1)(x − 2)
We can form a sign chart from this:
−
. −
. . . .
+
. −2
x
2
.
−
. . .
+ .
+
x
. +1
−
. 1
. .
+ −
. .′ (x)
f
.
−
. 1 2
. f
.(x)
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 10 / 45
19. Step 1: Monotonicity
f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
=⇒ f′ (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = 6(x + 1)(x − 2)
We can form a sign chart from this:
−
. −
. . . .
+
. −2
x
2
.
−
. . .
+ .
+
x
. +1
−
. 1
. .
+ −
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
−
. 1 2
. f
.(x)
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 10 / 45
20. Step 1: Monotonicity
f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
=⇒ f′ (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = 6(x + 1)(x − 2)
We can form a sign chart from this:
−
. −
. . . .
+
. −2
x
2
.
−
. . .
+ .
+
x
. +1
−
. 1
. .
+ −
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
↗−
. . 1 2
. f
.(x)
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 10 / 45
21. Step 1: Monotonicity
f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
=⇒ f′ (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = 6(x + 1)(x − 2)
We can form a sign chart from this:
−
. −
. . . .
+
. −2
x
2
.
−
. . .
+ .
+
x
. +1
−
. 1
. .
+ −
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
↗−
. . 1 ↘
. 2
. f
.(x)
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 10 / 45
22. Step 1: Monotonicity
f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
=⇒ f′ (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = 6(x + 1)(x − 2)
We can form a sign chart from this:
−
. −
. . . .
+
. −2
x
2
.
−
. . .
+ .
+
x
. +1
−
. 1
. .
+ −
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
↗−
. . 1 ↘
. 2
. ↗
. f
.(x)
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 10 / 45
23. Step 1: Monotonicity
f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
=⇒ f′ (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = 6(x + 1)(x − 2)
We can form a sign chart from this:
−
. −
. . . .
+
. −2
x
2
.
−
. . .
+ .
+
x
. +1
−
. 1
. .
+ −
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
↗−
. . 1 ↘
. 2
. ↗
. f
.(x)
m
. ax
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 10 / 45
24. Step 1: Monotonicity
f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
=⇒ f′ (x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = 6(x + 1)(x − 2)
We can form a sign chart from this:
−
. −
. . . .
+
. −2
x
2
.
−
. . .
+ .
+
x
. +1
−
. 1
. .
+ −
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
↗−
. . 1 ↘
. 2
. ↗
. f
.(x)
m
. ax m
. in
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 10 / 45
32. Step 3: One sign chart to rule them all
Remember, f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x.
.
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 12 / 45
33. Step 3: One sign chart to rule them all
Remember, f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x.
−
. . . .
+ −
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
↗− ↘
. . 1 . ↘
. 2
. ↗
. m
. onotonicity
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 12 / 45
34. Step 3: One sign chart to rule them all
Remember, f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x.
. .
+ −
. . −
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
↗−
. . 1 ↘
. ↘ .
. 2 ↗
. m
.′′ onotonicity
−
. − −
. − . . +
+ . +
+ f
. (x)
.
⌢ .
⌢ 1/2
. .
⌣ .
⌣ c
. oncavity
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 12 / 45
35. Step 3: One sign chart to rule them all
Remember, f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x.
. .
+ −
. . −
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
↗−
. . 1 ↘
. ↘ .
. 2 ↗
. m
.′′ onotonicity
−
. − −
. − . . + + . +
+ f
. (x)
.
⌢ ⌢ ./2 .
. 1 ⌣ .
⌣ c
. oncavity
7
.. −
. 6 1/2 −.
. 20 f
.(x)
.
−
. 1 .
1/2 2
. s
. hape of f
m
. ax I
.P m
. in
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 12 / 45
36. Combinations of monotonicity and concavity
I
.I I
.
.
I
.II I
.V
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 13 / 45
37. Combinations of monotonicity and concavity
.
decreasing,
concave
down
I
.I I
.
.
I
.II I
.V
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 13 / 45
38. Combinations of monotonicity and concavity
. .
increasing, decreasing,
concave concave
down down
I
.I I
.
.
I
.II I
.V
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 13 / 45
39. Combinations of monotonicity and concavity
. .
increasing, decreasing,
concave concave
down down
I
.I I
.
.
I
.II I
.V
.
decreasing,
concave up
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 13 / 45
40. Combinations of monotonicity and concavity
. .
increasing, decreasing,
concave concave
down down
I
.I I
.
.
I
.II I
.V
. .
decreasing, increasing,
concave up concave up
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 13 / 45
41. Step 3: One sign chart to rule them all
Remember, f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x.
. .
+ −
. . −
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
↗−
. . 1 ↘
. ↘ .
. 2 ↗
. m
.′′ onotonicity
−
. − −
. − . . + + . +
+ f
. (x)
.
⌢ ⌢ ./2 .
. 1 ⌣ .
⌣ c
. oncavity
7
.. −
. 6 1/2 −.
. 20 f
.(x)
.
. . 1
− .
1/2 2
. s
. hape of f
m
. ax I
.P m
. in
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 14 / 45
42. Step 3: One sign chart to rule them all
Remember, f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x.
. .
+ −
. . −
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
↗−
. . 1 ↘
. ↘ .
. 2 ↗
. m
.′′ onotonicity
−
. − −
. − . . + + . +
+ f
. (x)
.
⌢ ⌢ ./2 .
. 1 ⌣ .
⌣ c
. oncavity
7
.. −
. 6 1/2 −.
. 20 f
.(x)
.
. . 1 . ./2
− 1 2
. s
. hape of f
m
. ax I
.P m
. in
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 14 / 45
43. Step 3: One sign chart to rule them all
Remember, f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x.
. .
+ −
. . −
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
↗−
. . 1 ↘
. ↘ .
. 2 ↗
. m
.′′ onotonicity
−
. − −
. − . . + + . +
+ f
. (x)
.
⌢ ⌢ ./2 .
. 1 ⌣ .
⌣ c
. oncavity
7
.. −
. 6 1/2 −.
. 20 f
.(x)
.
. . 1 . ./2 .
− 1 2
. s
. hape of f
m
. ax I
.P m
. in
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 14 / 45
44. Step 3: One sign chart to rule them all
Remember, f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x.
. .
+ −
. . −
. .
+ .′ (x)
f
.
↗−
. . 1 ↘
. ↘ .
. 2 ↗
. m
.′′ onotonicity
−
. − −
. − . . + + . +
+ f
. (x)
.
⌢ ⌢ ./2 .
. 1 ⌣ .
⌣ c
. oncavity
7
.. −
. 6 1/2 −.
. 20 f
.(x)
.
. . 1 . ./2 .
− 1 2
. . s
. hape of f
m
. ax I
.P m
. in
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 14 / 45
45. Step 4: Graph
f
.(x)
.(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
f
( √ ) . −1, 7)
(
.
. 3− 4105 , 0 . 0, 0)
(
. . .
. 1/2, −61/2)
( ( . x
√ )
. . 3+ 4105 , 0
. 2, −20)
(
.
7
.. −
. 61/2 −.
. 20 f
.(x)
.
. . 1 . ./2 .
− 1 2
. . s
. hape of f
m
. ax I
.P m
. in . . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 15 / 45
46. Step 4: Graph
f
.(x)
.(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
f
( √ ) . −1, 7)
(
.
. 3− 4105 , 0 . 0, 0)
(
. . .
. 1/2, −61/2)
( ( . x
√ )
. . 3+ 4105 , 0
. 2, −20)
(
.
7
.. −
. 61/2 −.
. 20 f
.(x)
.
. . 1 . ./2 .
− 1 2
. . s
. hape of f
m
. ax I
.P m
. in . . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 15 / 45
47. Step 4: Graph
f
.(x)
.(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
f
( √ ) . −1, 7)
(
.
. 3− 4105 , 0 . 0, 0)
(
. . .
. 1/2, −61/2)
( ( . x
√ )
. . 3+ 4105 , 0
. 2, −20)
(
.
7
.. −
. 61/2 −.
. 20 f
.(x)
.
. . 1 . ./2 .
− 1 2
. . s
. hape of f
m
. ax I
.P m
. in . . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 15 / 45
48. Step 4: Graph
f
.(x)
.(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
f
( √ ) . −1, 7)
(
.
. 3− 4105 , 0 . 0, 0)
(
. . .
. 1/2, −61/2)
( ( . x
√ )
. . 3+ 4105 , 0
. 2, −20)
(
.
7
.. −
. 61/2 −.
. 20 f
.(x)
.
. . 1 . ./2 .
− 1 2
. . s
. hape of f
m
. ax I
.P m
. in . . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 15 / 45
49. Step 4: Graph
f
.(x)
.(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x
f
( √ ) . −1, 7)
(
.
. 3− 4105 , 0 . 0, 0)
(
. . .
. 1/2, −61/2)
( ( . x
√ )
. . 3+ 4105 , 0
. 2, −20)
(
.
7
.. −
. 61/2 −.
. 20 f
.(x)
.
. . 1 . ./2 .
− 1 2
. . s
. hape of f
m
. ax I
.P m
. in . . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 15 / 45
50. Graphing a quartic
Example
Graph f(x) = x4 − 4x3 + 10
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 16 / 45
51. Graphing a quartic
Example
Graph f(x) = x4 − 4x3 + 10
(Step 0) We know f(0) = 10 and lim f(x) = +∞. Not too many other
x→±∞
points on the graph are evident.
. . . . . .
V63.0121.002.2010Su, Calculus I (NYU) Section 4.4 Curve Sketching June 10, 2010 16 / 45