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This document provides information on seed production techniques for cole crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and broccoli. It discusses the origin and importance of cole crops, as well as details on their scientific names, chromosome numbers, pollination type, and plant parts used. It then describes the methods of seed production for cabbage and cauliflower, including the in situ method, transplanting method, stump method, and head intact method. It also covers vernalization, special approaches like blanching and tying, and disbudding and staking. Finally, it discusses genetic mechanisms for hybrid seed production like self-incompatibility and cytoplasmic male sterility in cole crops.

Production technology for higher production in papaya, cultivation of papaya, hybrid papaya propagation in an open field, how to papaya cultivation in India, high production growing papaya, different varieties of papaya ,red lady papaya,Pusa delicious, pusa nanha,co-1,pusa gaint,sex forms,

Black mustard is an important oilseed crop grown in India and worldwide. It is grown for its oil, which is used for cooking and industry, and its nutritious oil cake byproduct. Hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic genetic male sterility systems. Flowers are cross-pollinated after emasculation. Seed must meet standards for purity, germination rates, and freedom from weeds and other crop seeds. Proper land preparation, seed treatment, spacing, fertilizer use, irrigation, weed control and rogueing are required for high yields.

Origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.

1) The document discusses the floral biology and crossing techniques used in groundnut or peanut. It describes the flower structure and development, self-pollination, hybridization process including emasculation and pollination. 2) Two common hybridization techniques are discussed - the conventional technique which involves emasculation by removing anthers followed by pollination, and the ring cut technique which uses incisions and forceps to expose and remove anthers. 3) After pollination, developing hybrid pegs are monitored and grown along with parental lines to confirm hybridity based on morphological traits and seed characteristics. The goal is to develop new varieties with traits like high yield, early maturity, and resistance to diseases

History, description, classification,origin, cytogenetics, wild relatives, floral biology, breeding objectives, breeding methods in Sorghum

This document summarizes breeding techniques used to develop new guava hybrids and varieties. It discusses the origin and distribution of guava species, wild relatives, and important cultivated varieties. Major breeding objectives are listed as developing dwarf plants, uniform fruit size and quality, and disease resistance. Breeding methods discussed include introduction, selection, hybridization, polyploidy, aneuploidy, and mutation breeding. The goal is to combine traits for commercial production and develop new varieties with improved traits.

Special practices- An introduction Special practices in Rose , Carnation, Chrysanthemum , lily, Dahlia , orchids, tuberose ,

Carnation is a herbaceous perennial plant originating from Southern Europe. It is commonly grown as a cut flower. Pinching refers to removing the tip of the stem to encourage the growth of side shoots, which is essential for growing carnation as standards. There are three types of pinching used - single, one and a half, and double pinching. Single pinching involves removing the apical portion when the plant reaches 6 nodes. One and a half pinching removes half the side shoots after single pinching. Double pinching removes all lateral shoots about 4 weeks after the initial pinch. Pinching helps produce multiple stems for a fuller carnation plant.

“Advances in breeding of papaya”  new accepted in papaya breeding, technology use of papaya breeding

This document provides information on cucumber and gherkin. It discusses their origin, domestication, importance, taxonomy, cultivation in Haryana, plant description, floral biology, pollination, sex expression and genetics. It also covers breeding objectives, methods, types of cucumbers, selection of varieties, and important varieties including those with carotenoids and those suitable for Haryana. Cultural practices like time of sowing, manures, and disease/pest management are also summarized.

This document discusses the history, cultivation, breeding, and varieties of the ornamental plant Bougainvillea. It notes that Bougainvillea originated in South America and was first collected in Brazil in the 18th century. It summarizes that India is now one of the major cultivators of Bougainvillea, with approximately 50% of varieties having been developed there through techniques like hybridization, mutation breeding, and bud sports. The document concludes by listing some popular varieties of Bougainvillea classified by flower color.

This document provides information about roses, including their botanical classification, major importers and exporters, uses, cultivation practices, and more. It discusses that roses belong to the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae. Germany is the largest importer of roses, while the top exporter is the Netherlands. The document describes different types of roses and their classifications. It also outlines soil, climate, propagation, planting, pruning, and other cultivation practices required for successful rose production.

This document provides techniques for hybridization in several oilseed crops. It discusses the following: 1. For groundnut, techniques include artificial selfing through flower protection and emasculation by removing anthers from flower buds in the late afternoon or evening before they open. 2. For sesame, selfing can be done by tying flowers or smearing clay on buds to prevent opening. Emasculation involves removing corolla tubes. 3. For sunflower, emasculation is done by removing anther tubes in the morning. Selfing involves protecting entire heads before blooming. 4. Techniques for other crops like castor and mustard also involve emasculation, selfing through bag

This document provides information on the cluster bean plant. It begins by identifying the scientific name as Cyamopsis tetragonolobus and notes it is a drought tolerant, warm season annual legume grown for its tender fruits. The document then describes the plant's physical characteristics including its upright structure, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. It discusses the plant's uses as a vegetable, for production of guar gum from seeds, and as forage/green manure. The document also provides details on cultivation methods, common varieties, and pests/diseases affecting the crop.

Roses are one of the most popular flowers in the world. They originated in the Northern Hemisphere and come in many varieties. The document discusses the taxonomy and origins of roses, the major types of roses including hybrid teas, floribundas, and climbers. It also outlines India's rose production areas and the top global producers. The cultivation requirements for growing roses in greenhouses or protected conditions are provided.

The document provides information on rose cultivation practices in India. It discusses the importance of roses, describes various rose varieties like hybrid tea and floribunda, and outlines cultivation methods including propagation, spacing, pruning, and pest and disease management. The main rose cultivation states in India are Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and West Bengal.

A presentation on the production technology of roses. I hope it helps. Facts and data have been verified with references.