Unit 2 (part 1): The formation of Earth's relief

This document provides information about volcanoes, including: 1) It describes the different types of volcanoes such as active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes. 2) It lists and explains the various products created by volcanoes, including lava, pyroclasts, ash, gases, and lahars. 3) It discusses both the positive and negative effects of volcanic activity, noting how volcanoes can create new land but also cause destruction through lava flows, pyroclastic flows, and ash clouds.

The document describes glaciers and periglacial landforms and processes. It defines different types of glaciers and explains glacial processes like formation, movement, erosion, transportation and deposition. This creates landforms like moraines, drumlins and eskers. Periglacial landscapes lacking glacial ice are also described, featuring permafrost and patterned ground. The Pleistocene epoch is summarized, noting continental glaciation, sea level changes, and paleoclimate studies of past climate variations.

ALL ABOUT WEATHERING AND EROSION .. Weathering causes the disintegration of rock near the surface of the earth. Plant and animal life, atmosphere and water are the major causes of weathering. Weathering breaks down and loosens the surface minerals of rock so they can be transported away by agents of erosion such as water, wind and ice. There are two types of weathering: mechanical and chemical.

The document provides information about various natural disasters including avalanches, earthquakes, hurricanes, landslides, thunderstorms, tornados, tsunamis, and volcanoes. For each type of disaster, it describes what causes it and includes one or more relevant images. It also provides additional resources and links for further information. The document was written by Ben Darin, a 19-year-old studying elementary education, who included his contact information.

The document discusses plate tectonics theory and the evidence that supports it. Plate tectonics theory proposes that the Earth's outer layer is made up of rigid plates that move over the asthenosphere below. Plates move by separating at mid-ocean ridges and colliding in other areas. When plates collide, one plate generally subducts under the other. The theory is supported by paleomagnetism data, the distribution of earthquakes along plate boundaries, the ages of seafloor sediments, and hotspot tracks.

The document discusses the geological concept of isostasy. Isostasy refers to the principle of buoyancy where land masses float on the denser underlying mantle material. It explains that mountains create indentations in the earth's crust similar to placing a heavy object on a rubber ball. It also describes early theories on isostasy from Clarence Dutton, who coined the term, and Sir George Airy, who proposed that land masses float with varying thickness but uniform density. The concept was later refined by A. Pratt to propose uniform depth but varying density between land masses.

The document discusses various landforms found in arid and semi-arid landscapes formed by wind erosion. It describes different types of deserts including ergs which are seas of sand, regs which are desert pavements, and hamadas where bedrock predominates. It also outlines various erosional landforms caused by wind such as deflation hollows, ventifacts which are sand-blasted rock surfaces, yardangs, and different types of migrating dunes including longitudinal, transverse, barchan, and parabolic dunes. It provides examples of many of these landforms.

Este documento describe diferentes formas de relieve graníticas incluyendo domos, crestas, tors, berrocales, lajamientos, pilancones, taffoni y piedras caballeras. Explica que estos relieves se forman debido a procesos de diaclasamiento y meteorización de granitos, dejando formas redondeadas, agrietadas o acastilladas en la roca. También menciona la arenización y formación de lehm granítico a partir de la desintegración de granitos.

A2 Geography Revision for Coastal Environments, subchapter 8.2 Coastal Landforms of Cliffed and Constructive Coasts. It is suitable for Year 13 Geography, Cambridge Examination in November 2016. It contains: key terms and definitions, a topic summary, sketches and descriptions, additional work (6 questions for testing your knowledge) and some suggested websites.

Slides on Coastal erosion, deposition and transport for Leaving Certificate Geography (Irish education system)

The document discusses plate tectonics and the key concepts of plate tectonic theory. It describes how the lithosphere is broken into large plates that move over Earth's surface, driven by convection currents in the underlying mantle. It outlines the three main types of plate boundaries - divergent boundaries where new crust forms, transform boundaries where plates slide past each other, and convergent boundaries where plates collide and one slides under the other. It also discusses the evidence that supported the development of plate tectonic theory, such as seafloor spreading and magnetic reversals recorded in oceanic crust.

Here are some suggestions for how to represent the river processes visually using diagrams: Solution - Draw water droplets with dissolved minerals Suspension - Draw particles floating in the water current Saltation - Draw particles bouncing along the river bed Traction - Draw larger particles being rolled along the river bed You could also draw: Erosion - Show particles being scraped from the river bed/banks Transportation - Arrows showing movement of particles downstream Deposition - Build up of particles settling out of the water Landforms - Simple sketches of meanders, ox-bow lakes, deltas etc. Let me know if any of these ideas are helpful or if you need any other suggestions!