Justice G Djokoto
Dominion University College, School of Graduate Studies, Faculty Member
- Justice G. Djokoto holds a Ph.D in Agricultural Economics from KNUST. He obtained B.Sc. degree in Agriculture with sp... moreJustice G. Djokoto holds a Ph.D in Agricultural Economics from KNUST. He obtained B.Sc. degree in Agriculture with specialisation in Agricultural Economics in 1990 and Master of Philosophy degree in Agricultural Administration 2000 both from the University
of Ghana, Legon. Prior to enrolling for the master’s programme, he obtained a Postgraduate Diploma in
Education in 1998. Justice is a member of faculty in the Agribusiness Management Department of Central
Business School, Central University College in Accra Ghana. Foreign direct investment and Agribusiness,
technical and economic performance of organizations, and technology and record keeping of Agribusiness
firms are research areas that engage his attention.edit
Agriculture continues to make significant contributions to developing countries in the presence of globalisation. Thus, international trade and foreign capital flows are important to developing countries. The authors used data on 115... more
Agriculture continues to make significant contributions to developing countries in the presence of globalisation. Thus, international trade and foreign capital flows are important to developing countries. The authors used data on 115 developing countries from 1995 to 2020 to investigate the effect of inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) on trade in the agricultural sector of developing countries. Inward FDI enhanced exports, imports, and trade openness. However, outward FDI did not affect exports, imports, and trade openness. To escalate international trade in agricultural products, developing countries must continue to promote the inflow of FDI into agriculture (AIFDI). This requires paying attention to appropriate management of the macroeconomy, keeping down the inflation rate, optimising the currency exchange rate, and keeping interest rates down to boost investment among others. Whilst these would enhance AIFDI that would promote trade, these would directly promote...
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Whilst some studies explored the effect of food manufacturing foreign direct investment (FMFDI) on microeconomic and macroeconomic indicators, the human development effect, which is the ultimate for economic management, remains... more
Whilst some studies explored the effect of food manufacturing foreign direct investment (FMFDI) on microeconomic and macroeconomic indicators, the human development effect, which is the ultimate for economic management, remains unexplored. This study does that with a focus on developing and developed countries. An unbalanced panel data of 44 (18 developing and 26 developed) countries from 1991 to 2018 with a fixed-effects and general method of moments estimators were employed. Developing countries' FMFDI positively influenced the human development of the total economy. Also, developed countries' FMFDI positively influenced the human development of the total economy. Developing country economic managers should improve the macroeconomic environment to promote foreign direct investment into the food manufacturing subsector. There is a need for a reallocation of FMFDI to developing countries. International bodies such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development wou...
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: The study found that majority of oil palm processors were men. In terms of age distribution of oil palm processors, majority fall within 31-60 years age category and few were within 18-30 years age category. In addition, the study... more
: The study found that majority of oil palm processors were men. In terms of age distribution of oil palm processors, majority fall within 31-60 years age category and few were within 18-30 years age category. In addition, the study found that inadequate finance, low palm oil prices, erratic or absence of electricity, unavailability of palm fruits, high taxes and low technology are the major challenges confronting oil palm processors in Assin Fosu. Furthermore, oil palm processors also face employment and health risks such as insect bites, itching eyes, body pains, among others. Finally, it was found that the major determinants of oil palm processors’ livelihood were annual income from processing oil palm and the annual liters of oil palm produced. It is recommended among other things that the processors form associations and save money with financial institutions in order to access loans.
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ABSTRACT This study contributes to the debate on whether foreign direct investment crowd-in or crowd-out domestic investment by examining the short run and long run crowding effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic... more
ABSTRACT This study contributes to the debate on whether foreign direct investment crowd-in or crowd-out domestic investment by examining the short run and long run crowding effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic investment (DI) in the agricultural economy, using a cross-section of 64 countries from 1997 to 2016. In the short run, FDI has no discernible effect on DI in developing and transition economies’ agriculture. For developed economies, however, there is a crowd-out effect. Overall, is a crowding-in effect in the short run. A crowding-out effect was observed for developed countries whilst a crowding-in effect was observed for developed and economies in transition. Overall, the long-run effect is “no effect”. Improving the investment environment regarding regulatory and administrative processes as well as the absorptive capacity of the host country are recommended.
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Existing research attributes the problem of weak research productivity of academics in African universities primarily to institutional resource poverty and inadequate research skills. However, there has been little attention to research... more
Existing research attributes the problem of weak research productivity of academics in African universities primarily to institutional resource poverty and inadequate research skills. However, there has been little attention to research cultures and the role of leaders in fostering productive ones. Drawing from the literature on organizational culture, this study examines the role of university leaders in developing research cultures. The study explores how institution leaders do this within the higher education contexts in their countries. The empirical work is based on qualitative interviews with senior and mid-level university leaders in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa. While all of the leaders espoused clear views about the elements of a productive research culture, results indicate a significant gap remains between espoused values for research and the actual research culture. Theoretically, the research extends the concept of research cultures by demonstrating the complex dynamics between research cultures, culture embedding mechanisms, and leader behavior within contextual constraints.
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This paper used data on 23 developing countries to assess the variability in the human development (HDI) by the stages of the investment development path (IDP). Modelling the HDI as a fraction, the results show that the IDP weakly... more
This paper used data on 23 developing countries to assess the variability in the human development (HDI) by the stages of the investment development path (IDP). Modelling the HDI as a fraction, the results show that the IDP weakly explains human development. Other results show that human capital development is the strongest driver of human development.
To investigate the nexus between the investment development path (IDP) and human development, we modelled the human development (human development index, HDI) using generalized estimation equations and accounted for the unit interval... more
To investigate the nexus between the investment development path (IDP) and human development, we modelled
the human development (human development index, HDI) using generalized estimation equations and accounted
for the unit interval property using non-linear link functions. The gross domestic product per capita was used as
the proxy for the IDP. Using panel data of 2,568 observations from 135 countries for 1990–2019, we found a
strong and positive effect of IDP on HDI. Thus, there is a nexus between IDP and human development. The 4%
elasticity of the IDP, confirms the broader scope of the HDI than the IDP in capturing development. Coupled with
the 60% correlation between the IDP variable and HDI, aside from serving as a proxy for each other, these could
also be instruments for each other provided they are uncorrelated with the error term in the model under
consideration. Trade, infrastructure, and human capital were found to enhance human development. These offer
policy options for enhancing human development.
the human development (human development index, HDI) using generalized estimation equations and accounted
for the unit interval property using non-linear link functions. The gross domestic product per capita was used as
the proxy for the IDP. Using panel data of 2,568 observations from 135 countries for 1990–2019, we found a
strong and positive effect of IDP on HDI. Thus, there is a nexus between IDP and human development. The 4%
elasticity of the IDP, confirms the broader scope of the HDI than the IDP in capturing development. Coupled with
the 60% correlation between the IDP variable and HDI, aside from serving as a proxy for each other, these could
also be instruments for each other provided they are uncorrelated with the error term in the model under
consideration. Trade, infrastructure, and human capital were found to enhance human development. These offer
policy options for enhancing human development.
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The paper investigated the characteristics of foreign direct investment( FDI) to Ghana's agriculture by examining the flow of funds, projects, employment and possible pre-independence legacies in FDI inflows from Ghana's former... more
The paper investigated the characteristics of foreign direct investment( FDI) to Ghana's agriculture by examining the flow of funds, projects, employment and possible pre-independence legacies in FDI inflows from Ghana's former partners in colonial relationships and the slave trade. Using moving averages, percentages, cross tabulations and chi-squares tests, to data from 1994-2010, the following conclusions were drawn; a) FDI flows, measured by estimated cost of projects remained stable and low for most part of 1994-2010. However, huge jumps were witnessed after 2008, coinciding with Ghana's second time of successful and peaceful transfer of political power to another government; b) Clustering of agricultural projects in Greater Accra Region, c) a strong attraction of large FDI firms for the crops subsector; d) 75% of the FDI projects are SMEs; e) Among European countries, Ghana's former slave and colonial masters, Britain, Netherlands and Denmark contribute most FD...
Research Interests: Business, Economics, International Economics, Political Science, Technology Management, and 15 moreForeign Direct Investment, Agriculture, Economic Development, China, Ireland, Canada, Capital Investment, New Technology, Profitability, Organic production, Incentives, Foreign Direct Investments, Labor Productivity, Prudent FDI Policy, and Profit Maximization
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The investment development path theory delineates countries in stages I, II, III, IV, and V according to the level of development as developing, transition, and developed countries. The World Bank’s classification of countries by income,... more
The investment development path theory delineates countries in stages I, II, III, IV, and V according to the level of development as developing, transition, and developed countries. The World Bank’s classification of countries by income, however, identifies countries as lower-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high income. In this paper, we test the investment development path theory for countries based on the level of income using data from 1980 to 2019. Africa offers unique data as it is the only continent made up of entirely developing countries together with countries that fit into all four classifications based on income. Income level classifications appear to enhance the position of countries within the investment development path ahead of that based on the United Nations classification. The use of income classification should complement that of the United Nations in the empirical testing of the investment development path theory for a more current investmen...
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In the literature, existing meta-regressions on efficiency have focused on specific sectors in a country or multiple country and on specific economic activity. None of the available efficiency meta-regressions covers multiple sectors of... more
In the literature, existing meta-regressions on efficiency have focused on specific sectors in a country or multiple country and on specific economic activity. None of the available efficiency meta-regressions covers multiple sectors of an economy. We contribute to the literature by investigating the technical efficiency differentiation within a multi-sectoral environment. Using data from 152 publications yielding 223 observations from diverse sources and applying meta-regression analysis, we investigated the heterogeneity in mean technical efficiency (MTE), assessed the temporal and spatial drivers of estimated technical efficiency for Ghana. We found heterogeneity in the estimated MTE. The selected cauchit functional form of the fractional regression model showed sectoral and spatial variables drive heterogeneity in MTE. There was a seeming technical efficiency regression with average MTE of 0.676 that requires greater effort in the management of production than has been the case ...
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A large body of literature exists on analysis of citation and reviews of application of efficiency frontier. However, the reviews that assessed the determinants of citation counts did not focus on frontier applications. We contribute to... more
A large body of literature exists on analysis of citation and reviews of application of efficiency frontier. However, the reviews that assessed the determinants of citation counts did not focus on frontier applications. We contribute to the literature by identifying the drivers of citations of frontier application publications on Ghana. We employed two-part mixture modelling with inverse hyperbolic sine (IHS) transformation of the second part, which was found to be more appropriate than single equation IHS transformation modelling, for our data. Use of stochastic frontier analysis or data envelopment analysis did not drive citations counts. However, quality of journals in which frontier application studies were published and accessibility of the journals to readers, drive citation counts. Authors, institutions and funders of studies on frontier applications may consider these over collaborations, in seeking growth in citation counts.
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Abstract The role of technology - its economics and factors that influence technological choice decisions have been a concern in development policy. Logit and probit functional forms have been largely used in modelling technology choice... more
Abstract The role of technology - its economics and factors that influence technological choice decisions have been a concern in development policy. Logit and probit functional forms have been largely used in modelling technology choice (adoption). We employed two other functional forms; loglog and cloglog, applied to adoption of Fairtrade and organic cocoa producers in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Using fractional regression modelling, we demonstrate the need to explore alternative functional forms other than logit and probit, in binary choice related problems. Interestingly, the battery of tests employed rejected the logit and probit functional forms. Alternative assessment criteria such as size, statistical significance of parameters and differences in parameter estimates produced more interesting results.
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Though the studies examined the role of several factors that account for the variance in technical efficiency in agriculture, yet, the effect of livelihood diversification has not been addressed. This study assessed livelihood... more
Though the studies examined the role of several factors that account for the variance in technical efficiency in agriculture, yet, the effect of livelihood diversification has not been addressed. This study assessed livelihood diversification and its extent, assessed existence of technical efficiency and the effect of livelihood diversification on technical efficiency of fair-trade cocoa farmers. A cross-sectional data of 253 cocoa farming households were collected from New Juaben Municipality in the eastern area of Ghana. Livelihoods pursued by the farmers were largely farming with households showing medium livelihood diversification. The estimates of technical efficiency showed existence of technical inefficiency. However, diversification of livelihoods by the fair-trade cocoa farm households did not promote technical efficiency. Within the context of this study, although livelihoods diversification did not increase technical efficiency, nevertheless, diversification of livelihoods among fair-trade cocoa farmers may be promoted for other reasons such as additional income security.
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Abstract Owing to intense competition in today's business environment, organisations that aspire to excel in their respective sectors need to develop the appropriate capabilities in order to gain and sustain a competitive edge.... more
Abstract Owing to intense competition in today's business environment, organisations that aspire to excel in their respective sectors need to develop the appropriate capabilities in order to gain and sustain a competitive edge. Outsourcing and technology transfer provide firms with the platform for developing capability to achieve superior performance in the marketplace. However, in the setting of a developing economy, the relative effects of outsourcing and technology transfer on corporate performance among foreign and local companies when investigated together in an amalgamated model is yet to be examined empirically. To obtain a deeper understanding, two pathways through which outsourcing and technology transfer enhance corporate performance of companies in Ghana are presented. Results of this research indicate differences in the extent to which outsourcing and technology transfer influence capability and subsequently affect corporate performance. Limitations of this study as well as implications of the findings for managers and researchers are ultimately highlighted.
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The few meta-analyses published on efficiency in agriculture focused on traditional agriculture to the neglect of agribusiness. This article presents a meta-analysis on agribusiness using Ghana as a case. Databases including AgEconsearch,... more
The few meta-analyses published on efficiency in agriculture focused on traditional agriculture to the neglect of agribusiness. This article presents a meta-analysis on agribusiness using Ghana as a case. Databases including AgEconsearch, Google scholar, EBSCOHost, EmeraldInsight, and Wiley online Library among others were searched in order to identify published studies relating to the subsectors of agribusiness. The selected loglog fractional regression model revealed that mean technical efficiency (MTE) increased over time with a mean value of 62%. MTEs of geographical sections of Ghana are also similar. Time series models possess higher MTE than panel data MTEs. In line with theory, models without functional forms and distance functions elicited higher MTE than Cobb–Douglas and translog functions. Nontraditional agricultural production showed higher MTE than traditional agriculture. MTEs in the production subsector do not differ from those in the manufacturing subsector. While this indifference suggests that value adding manufacturing subsector is as efficient as the primary production agriculture, and the increasing MTE notwithstanding, efficiency improving measures including training in farm management are required to make up for the mean difference of 38% found. [JEL Classification: Q13].
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The study investigated the profitability differences of rice farmers who used manual rice harvesting method and mechanised harvesting method on Kpong Irrigation Project in Ghana. Also, the factors that explained differences in these... more
The study investigated the profitability differences of rice farmers who used manual rice harvesting method and mechanised harvesting method on Kpong Irrigation Project in Ghana. Also, the factors that explained differences in these harvesting methods were investigated. A structured questionnaire was administered to 115 farmers who were randomly selected from the population of rice farmers cultivating the crop on the irrigation scheme, but only 100 farmers provided information relevant for profitability assessment. While 49% of the farmers used manual method of harvesting rice, the remaining 51% used mechanised harvesting method. The mean land area cultivated by manual and mechanised harvesting method users were 1 and 1.125ha respectively. The gross margin of manual harvesting adopters was found to be GHC 1,476.32/ha whilst that of mechanised harvesting adopters was found to be GHC 1,575.59/ha. However, there was no statistically significant difference between these gross margins. A...
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In the literature, existing meta-regressions on efficiency have focused on specific sectors in a country or multiple country and on specific economic activity. None of the available efficiency meta-regressions covers multiple sectors of... more
In the literature, existing meta-regressions on efficiency have focused on specific sectors in a country or multiple country and on specific economic activity. None of the available efficiency meta-regressions covers multiple sectors of an economy. We contribute to the literature by investigating the technical efficiency differentiation within a multi-sectoral environment. Using data from 152 publications yielding 223 observations from diverse sources and applying meta-regression analysis, we investigated the heterogeneity in mean technical efficiency (MTE), assessed the temporal and spatial drivers of estimated technical efficiency for Ghana. We found heterogeneity in the estimated MTE. The selected cauchit functional form of the fractional regression model showed sectoral and spatial variables drive heterogeneity in MTE. There was a seeming technical efficiency regression with average MTE of 0.676 that requires greater effort in the management of production than has been the case ...
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The study investigated the profitability differences of rice farmers who used manual rice harvesting method and mechanised harvesting method on Kpong Irrigation Project in Ghana. Also, the factors that explained differences in these... more
The study investigated the profitability differences of rice farmers who used manual rice harvesting method and mechanised harvesting method on Kpong Irrigation Project in Ghana. Also, the factors that explained differences in these harvesting methods were investigated. A structured questionnaire was administered to 115 farmers who were randomly selected from the population of rice farmers cultivating the crop on the irrigation scheme, but only 100 farmers provided information relevant for profitability assessment. While 49% of the farmers used manual method of harvesting rice, the remaining 51% used mechanised harvesting method. The mean land area cultivated by manual and mechanised harvesting method users were 1 and 1.125ha respectively. The gross margin of manual harvesting adopters was found to be GHC 1,476.32/ha whilst that of mechanised harvesting adopters was found to be GHC 1,575.59/ha. However, there was no statistically significant difference between these gross margins. A...
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In the past decade, a number of studies have conducted meta-analyses of the market orientation-performance literature. The purpose of this paper is to investigate publication bias in the field of marketing with a specific emphasis on the... more
In the past decade, a number of studies have conducted meta-analyses of the market orientation-performance literature. The purpose of this paper is to investigate publication bias in the field of marketing with a specific emphasis on the market orientationperformance relationship. This study adds to existing knowledge by explicitly accounting for both publication bias and the control for important variables that influence the market orientation-performance measure. Firstly, we conduct a quantitative survey of the literature on market orientation-performance from various countries and create a database of market orientation-performance studies for each country examined in the literature. Next, we estimate the average effect size, publication bias and examine the role of study specific effects on the observed market orientation-performance measure. From our findings, though the funnel plots emanating from data used for two of our models suggest the existence of publication bias, the i...
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This article examines the variations in mean technical efficiency estimates in organic agriculture and the factors that explain the observed variations. A three-stage process was employed in data collection. Firstly, journals on organic... more
This article examines the variations in mean technical efficiency estimates in organic agriculture and the factors that explain the observed variations. A three-stage process was employed in data collection. Firstly, journals on organic agriculture and related disciplines were identified and searched. Secondly, several publishers’ websites and databases, namely Cambridge Journals, Elsevier, Emerald, Oxford University Press, Sage, Taylor and Francis, and Wiley, among others, were covered. Databases included AgEcon Search, CAB Abstracts, DOAJ, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. Thirdly, the reference lists of studies found in the first and second stages were searched to identify additional literature. In all, 42 studies constituting 109 observations covering the period 2002-2014 were found. Unlike existing literature on technical efficiency quantitative reviews in agriculture, this article employs a battery of tests to select the appropriate solution for multiple observation...
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The paper investigated the short-run and long-run relationship between external merchandise Agricultural trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows into the Agricultural sector of Ghana. The study employed Granger’s instantaneous... more
The paper investigated the short-run and long-run relationship between external merchandise Agricultural trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows into the Agricultural sector of Ghana. The study employed Granger’s instantaneous causality to assess the short-run relationship and feedback model to investigate the long-run relationships. Following the existence of unit-roots for the variables as well as cointegration, the Toda-Yamamoto procedure was followed for the estimation of the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models. In the short-run, the coefficient for FDI inflows and imports were statistically significant. The negative sign pointed to a substitution or replacing relationship between the two variables. The coefficients between exports and FDI though negative, were not statistically significant. In the long-run, there was a feedback between imports and FDI. Exports caused FDI but not the reverse. Notwithstanding the transitory substitution effect of imports and FDI, in the ...
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The paper investigated the effect of investment promotion (IP) on foreign direct investment flow (FDI) into Ghana. Cointegration among the variables was established using auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) models in the presence of a... more
The paper investigated the effect of investment promotion (IP) on foreign direct investment flow (FDI) into Ghana. Cointegration among the variables was established using auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) models in the presence of a mix of I (0) and I (1) variables. The control variables, inflation and trade openness were statistically significant in the short run. Whilst inflation exerted a negative effect on FDI inflow; trade openness positively induced FDI inflow. GDP per capita and exchange rate did not statistically significantly influence FDI inflow in the short run. In respect of the key variable GIPC, in the short run, there was a positive but statistically insignificant effect on FDI inflow. The estimated long-run ARDL model showed that macroeconomic variables such as inflation, GDP and trade openness determined FDI inflow into Ghana. Notwithstanding the positive relationship between establishment of IP agency (GIPC) and FDI inflow, this relationship was statistically ...
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Background: Whilst the literature on the complementarity and substitutability of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic investment (DI) is not uncommon, the facet of food manufacturing is non-existent. This paper fills this void by... more
Background: Whilst the literature on the complementarity and substitutability of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic investment (DI) is not uncommon, the facet of food manufacturing is non-existent. This paper fills this void by investigating the effect of FDI on DI in the food manufacturing sector for developing, economies in transition and developed countries. Methods: Using an unbalanced panel data of 49 countries from 1993 to 2016, from FAOSTAT, estimated by the system generalised method of moments (GMM), the Wald statistics for the short and long-run effects of FDI on DI were computed for the development groups. Results: Developed economies experienced a crowd-out effect of FDI on DI in the short run, whilst the others experienced no significant effect. In the case of the long run, food manufacturing sectors of all three development groups exhibited a crowd-out effect. The effect in the long run for all development groups together is a crowd-in. Analysing all country gr...
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Research background: Despite the growing social recognition of the positive role played by organic farming in the conservation of natural resources and the reduction or elimination of the negative externalities of modern agriculture, the... more
Research background: Despite the growing social recognition of the positive role played by organic farming in the conservation of natural resources and the reduction or elimination of the negative externalities of modern agriculture, the economic competitiveness of organic versus conventional agriculture is a contentious issue. Studies on scale efficiency in the agricultural economics literature, in general, did not address the differences in production practices such as organic and conventional production. Purpose of the article: We estimated scale efficiency of organic and conventional production, tested for differences between organic and conventional agriculture scale efficiency, and explored the sources of inefficiencies. Methods: This was accomplished using cross-sectional data on 658 organic and conventional cocoa farmers, for the 2012/13 production season in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The analysis accounted for selection bias and recognised the fractional property of the s...
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Background: Whilst the literature on the complementarity and substitutability of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic investment (DI) is not uncommon, the facet of food manufacturing is non-existent. This paper fills this void by... more
Background: Whilst the literature on the complementarity and substitutability of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic investment (DI) is not uncommon, the facet of food manufacturing is non-existent. This paper fills this void by investigating the effect of FDI on DI in the food manufacturing sector for developing, economies in transition and developed countries. Methods: Using an unbalanced panel data of 49 countries from 1993 to 2016, from FAOSTAT, estimated by the system generalised method of moments (GMM), the Wald statistics for the short and long-run effects of FDI on DI were computed for the development groups. Results: Developed economies experienced a crowd-out effect of FDI on DI in the short run, whilst the others experienced no significant effect. In the case of the long run, food manufacturing sectors of all three development groups exhibited a crowd-out effect. The effect in the long run for all development groups together is a crowd-in. Analysing all country gr...
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This paper investigated agricultural price formation and the factors that influence this in West African countries. Accessing literature from diverse publishers’ websites and databases, the literature obtained on the subject was minimal.... more
This paper investigated agricultural price formation and the factors that influence this in West African countries. Accessing literature from diverse publishers’ websites and databases, the literature obtained on the subject was minimal. Nevertheless, the review showed that price formation in West Africa includes individual negotiations or bargains and administered prices. The factors that influence the price formation process are microeconomic and macroeconomic. Governments in the Region should improve rural infrastructure and the macroeconomic environment for stable agricultural prices.