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  • a Solider-Scholar with over twenty years of military service in both the United States Marine Corps and Army. He has served in combat in both Iraq as well as Afghanistan. He ... moreedit
An operational and tactical depiction of Xenophon's Anabasis
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While Caesar’s Gallic War presents a clear depiction of Roman military doctrine against Celtic tribes at all levels of war, very few detailed maps exist which illustrate the tactical and operational aspects. Antonio Salinas’ mapping... more
While Caesar’s Gallic War presents a clear depiction of Roman military doctrine against Celtic tribes at all levels of war, very few detailed maps exist which illustrate the tactical and operational aspects. Antonio Salinas’ mapping portfolio maps the entirety of Caesar’s Gallic War, illustrating Caesar’s legions at both the operational and tactical level, using Google Earth imagery and NATO symbology to effectively follow Caesar’s legions during their campaigns in Gaul, Germany, and southern England. The portfolio seeks to assist classicists and military historians alike in bringing Caesar’s Gallic War to life in a way never before seen.
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Everyone dreams. However, some of us dream about a nightmare that is a timeless character in civilization: war. The Siren's Song of war has a hold upon much of mankind, in that some of us are drawn to it like nothing else. Some of us... more
Everyone dreams. However, some of us dream about a nightmare that is a timeless character in civilization: war. The Siren's Song of war has a hold upon much of mankind, in that some of us are drawn to it like nothing else. Some of us fantasize about this experience called war. We read books, watch movies, and play video games about combat. Some wonder if they would be brave enough to face the enemy and stare death in its face. Others wonder what the sound of a bullet flying overhead makes or how it feels to lay eyes upon the enemy for the first time. This is a story of one man who was captivated by the Siren's call to war. The Sirens of war awaited him in the Pesh River Valley of Kunar Province, Afghanistan. There in Kunar, he finally learned the truth about war.
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This maps out the entirety of the Gallic War
CPT Antonio Salinas is from Allen Park, Michigan. After high school, Antonio enlisted in the United States Marine Corps where he served as a martial arts instructor trainer and an intelligence chief. He attended Eastern Michigan... more
CPT Antonio Salinas is from Allen Park, Michigan. After high school, Antonio enlisted in the United States Marine Corps where he served as a martial arts instructor trainer and an intelligence chief. He attended Eastern Michigan University and received his Bachelors in History and Political Science. In graduate school he enrolled in Army ROTC and attained his Masters in History. He received his commission from Army ROTC in May 2007 as a branch detail Infantry – Military Intelligence officer and has served in both Afghanistan and Iraq. Antonio continues to serve in uniform and currently teaches military history at West Point
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The United Kingdom is under attack. Russia’s influence campaigns against democratic processes has set its sights on the United Kingdom. The research question this thesis sought to answer was: “In what ways has Russia waged political... more
The United Kingdom is under attack. Russia’s influence campaigns against democratic processes has set its sights on the United Kingdom. The research question this thesis sought to answer was: “In what ways has Russia waged political warfare on the United Kingdom in the twenty first century?” This thesis utilized a single case study which examined over time Russia's use of influence operations in the UK. This study focused specifically on the twenty first century and examined Russia's actions to influence the Scottish referendum in 2014 and the European referendum in 2016.
The findings within in this thesis revealed that Russia waged a massive political warfare campaign against the UK. The Russian Federation launched a disinformation campaign utilizing its English-speaking state media on networks such as Sputnik and Russia Today (RT). This disinformation campaign was further amplified with a massive bombardment on social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook which were led by Russia’s vast army of trolls and bots. Lastly, Russia made efforts to cultivate alliances with key personalities within the UK and Scottish parliament itself.

In 2014, Russia employed a large disinformation campaign both prior to and after the Scottish referendum. Russian state media spread disinformation by publishing over 200 stories regarding Scottish independence. On Twitter, Russia’s trolls and bots sent over 400,000 twitter messages regarding independence issues. Russia’s efforts further attempted to cultivate a relationship with the leader of the Scottish National party-Alex Salmond. While Russia did not successfully influence the Scottish Referendum to result in voting for independence, Russia learned from its actions and increased its efforts only two years later in the Brexit vote.

In 2016, the Russian federation set its sights on the European referendum or Brexit vote. Russian state media published over 250 articles and weaponized social media by using Facebook for 8.74 million impressions and Twitter for 134 million impressions. Russia’s aggressive use of bots and trolls delivered over 10,000,000 potential twitter impressions. The UK vote to leave the European Union was as a result of a slim margin of 1.2 million votes. This small difference suggests that Russia’s efforts were possibly large enough to influence the outcome.

Russia’s weaponization of information to influence political processes is a revolution in military affairs and poses a significant threat to the democratic nations of today. Even though using disinformation to influence populations is not a new idea, widespread access to social media has empowered Russia’s disinformation delivery techniques with incredible speed, reach, and access to the very cognitive processes of their targeted populations. Thus far, the reaction of the United States and the West to counter Russia’s moves in this area have been poor. The US and its democratic allies must continue to learn about this threat and develop countermeasures to protect not only its citizens but the very fibers of democracy itself.
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