- University of Aberdeen, Politics and International Relations, Department Memberadd
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Research Interests: Psychology, Structural Equation Modeling, Survey Research, Comparative Research, Medicine, and 15 moreMultidisciplinary, Social Inequality, Measurement, Measurement Invariance, Data Quality, Attitude, Gender Role, Embeddedness, soziale Ungleichheit, Cultural Factors, World Values Survey, Comparability, Data Capture, Social Science, and Value Orientation
The file includes supplementary material mentioned in the manuscript " Gender mainstreaming and gender equality in Europe: Policies, legislation and Eurobarometer surveys " submitted to the journal <em>Studi di... more
The file includes supplementary material mentioned in the manuscript " Gender mainstreaming and gender equality in Europe: Policies, legislation and Eurobarometer surveys " submitted to the journal <em>Studi di Sociologia</em>. The file reports a summary of the main steps of the EU legislation on gender equality and gender mainstreaming from 1957 to 2017 (Table 1); and an overview of the topics on gender issues investigated by the Eurobarometer by round between 1975 and 2016 (Table 2).
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To discuss the cultural roots of violence against women (VAW), this study focuses on individual gender norms, prescriptive gender role expectations, moral justification of VAW, and institutional gender norms that define gender cultures,... more
To discuss the cultural roots of violence against women (VAW), this study focuses on individual gender norms, prescriptive gender role expectations, moral justification of VAW, and institutional gender norms that define gender cultures, that provide opportunities for VAW, and legitimize roles and behaviors. We used indicators of gender norms related to VAW from different sources to provide an overview of 12 countries (Armenia, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Greece, The Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, and Ukraine). The indicators include individual gender role attitudes and justification of wife beating from the World Values Survey; information on national legislation and institutional discrimination from the Social Institution Gender Index from the OECD; and each country’s position on the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence—a transnational platform with relevant transformative power that has been op...
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This paper examines the feasibility of ex-post harmonisation strategies using European Values Study (EVS) Wave 5 (2017–2020) and European Social Survey (ESS) Round 9 (2018–2019) data across 17 countries. The study shows an empirical... more
This paper examines the feasibility of ex-post harmonisation strategies using European Values Study (EVS) Wave 5 (2017–2020) and European Social Survey (ESS) Round 9 (2018–2019) data across 17 countries. The study shows an empirical assessment of the comparability of four items measuring religious behaviours (belonging to a religious denomination at present/in the past, religious services attendance, and praying), captured in both surveys. The novelty of this paper lies in the analytical comparison of religiosity indicators that are rarely assessed from a comparative perspective.The harmonisation strategy was based upon several analytical techniques that seek to determine similarities and differences between the selected items in terms of (a) their validity, by examining their correlations with a set of sociodemographic and substantive correlates, (b) their distributions, supplemented by visual comparisons and relevant statistical tests, and (c) item non-substantive shares. The find...
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In 2019, workflows for the promotion of CESSDA Training activity via Twitter, the management of the CESSDA Training Calendar, the management and update of the CT website and DMEG, as well for the management of the CESSDA Training mailbox... more
In 2019, workflows for the promotion of CESSDA Training activity via Twitter, the management of the CESSDA Training Calendar, the management and update of the CT website and DMEG, as well for the management of the CESSDA Training mailbox were developed and implemented. In 2020, GESIS continued to follow the same workflows for promoting via Twitter and updating the content online according to 2020 ongoing activity. This document reports the activity carried out in 2020 concerning three main areas: (i) Twitter activity aimed at promoting CESSDA Training (CT); (ii) Maintenance of the CESSDA Training website and the online version of the CESSDA Data Management Expert Guide (DMEG) and (iii) Maintenance of the CESSDA Training Calendar and uploaded content.
Il file contiene materiale supplementare allla pubblicazione Lomazzi, Vera (2018), "<em>Le donne nel sindacato: il protagonismo silenzioso"</em>, in Pais, I., Pesenti, L., Rovati, G., Protagonisti della... more
Il file contiene materiale supplementare allla pubblicazione Lomazzi, Vera (2018), "<em>Le donne nel sindacato: il protagonismo silenzioso"</em>, in Pais, I., Pesenti, L., Rovati, G., Protagonisti della rappresentanza. Viaggio esplorativo tra i delegati della CISL lombarda. Bologna, Il Mulino. ISBN 978-88-15-26784-9, pp.243-276. Il documento fornisce informazioni sulla codifica e operazionalizzazione delle varibaili realizzate per l'analisi svolta nel capitolo. Attraverso modelli di regressione lineare, lo studio analizza i fattori che intervengono nella diversa durata dei percorsi di carriera tra uomini e donne nell'ambito della rappresentanza sindacale.
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This presentation, given during the RatSWD Panel at the VfS Annual Conference 2020 - Gender Economics (27-30 September 2020), provides an overview of microdata on Gender Economics topics available at the Research Data Center (RDC)... more
This presentation, given during the RatSWD Panel at the VfS Annual Conference 2020 - Gender Economics (27-30 September 2020), provides an overview of microdata on Gender Economics topics available at the Research Data Center (RDC) "International Survey Programs" at GESIS – Leibniz Institute for Social Sciences. The FDZ "International Survey Programs" at GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences provides researchers with data access and consultation services on important international study series covering a wide range of topics related to attitude and behavior research for international comparison and analyses over time. The contribution aims at offering an overview of the micro-data freely available to researchers for the study of gender economics issues and policy evaluation. The Eurobarometer, which covers all the EU MS, gathers information on Europeans' attitudes toward gender equality in the labor market; gender norms; the diffusion of gender ste...
The third chapter describes the changes in the main conceptualisations of gender equality and GM in relations with social and gender policies and their development over time in Europe. Is it clear that there are different potential... more
The third chapter describes the changes in the main conceptualisations of gender equality and GM in relations with social and gender policies and their development over time in Europe. Is it clear that there are different potential instruments available in the gender equality perspective and the relevance of the gender mainstreaming strategy for social policies is to propose and pursue the introduction of a gender equality perspective to all policies at all levels of governance. In particular, the chapter analyseshow policies are addressing the gender mainstreaming perspective and if and how different welfare states and welfare regimes could influence the way in which gender measures and policies are implemented. The work-family issue is a field of application and verification in evaluating the degree of gender equality options within a welfare state system in a comparative way. The issue of evaluation of gender and social policies is also considered in the analysis of the gender budgeting and gender auditing strategies applied to measure the implementation and the effectiveness of gender mainstreaming.
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Several repeated cross-national surveys include measurements of attitudes toward gender roles to investigate individuals’ beliefs regarding the appropriateness of men and women’s roles in a particular context. When used to compare... more
Several repeated cross-national surveys include measurements of attitudes toward gender roles to investigate individuals’ beliefs regarding the appropriateness of men and women’s roles in a particular context. When used to compare attitudes across countries, these measurements reveal critical factors that could cause a lack of equivalence between different cultural contexts, and that could therefore produce misleading results. Nevertheless, the use of such measures to compare country means without assessing measurement equivalence is common. It should also be considered that the assessment of equivalence within a large-scale sample from cross-sectional surveys through multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) often fails because of the strict requirements necessary. The current article is used to assess the measurement equivalence of the gender role attitudes scale included in the last wave of the World Values Survey in 59 countries, with the main goal of identifying the most ...
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This study provides a critical evaluation of the gender role attitude scale included in the fourth wave of the European Values Study. The goodness of this scale is tested considering first of all its reliability and the stability of the... more
This study provides a critical evaluation of the gender role attitude scale included in the fourth wave of the European Values Study. The goodness of this scale is tested considering first of all its reliability and the stability of the factorial structure. The results suggest caution in the use of this instrument: the scale presents a deep variation in reliability across countries and its configuration is not stable, displaying several different factor structures from one country to another. In considering the source of this instability, this study addresses a priming effect due to questions introduced in 2008 immediately prior to the use of the gender role attitudes scale that modified the context of response.
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The exploration of the development of the gender mainstreaming strategy and its effect on, European legislation concerning gender equality, from its beginnings to today is the aim of this chapter.The focus is on the role of the European... more
The exploration of the development of the gender mainstreaming strategy and its effect on, European legislation concerning gender equality, from its beginnings to today is the aim of this chapter.The focus is on the role of the European Union in promoting substantive equality for men and women improving legislation in the European Union context and favouring a cultural change in the gender equality perspective. Gender mainstreaming is analysed as the main legislative and cultural shift done for promoting gender equality in all European policies. Gender mainstreaming legislation requires the adoption of a gender perspective by all the central actors in the policy process and, even considering its limits and blunders, and is still the most crucial transnational strategy currently in existence that promotes gender equality in all domains of social life. The legislation enquiries raised at the beginning of the gender mainstreaming implementation process in the EU around 1996 focused on ...
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The book provides a systematic scientific overview of gender mainstreaming in Europe. It recalls the main steps of the origins and the development of the European gender mainstreaming (GM) strategy. The book also connects this framework... more
The book provides a systematic scientific overview of gender mainstreaming in Europe. It recalls the main steps of the origins and the development of the European gender mainstreaming (GM) strategy. The book also connects this framework with the current situation of gender equality and explores the strength and weak points of the strategy. To do so, it provides a critical evaluation of the instruments used to measure gender equality and explores how societal aspects, such as the opportunity structure defined by work-family balance policies and practices, affect the individual values of gender equality supporting the development of gender egalitarian cultures. Further, it develops an outline of the current and future challenges of the gender mainstreaming strategy, that run in parallel with the general European Union’s challenges, such as the integration process, economic crisis, migration and refugees crisis, and the rise of right-wing Euroscepticism. In addition, the old but always current problem of conceptualizing gender equality in different ways leading to jeopardized results. The book offers a critical review of the GM strategy in Europe and analyses whether and how gender equality in Europe is improving, with a specific interest in the cultural differences between the European countries where this common strategy is implemented.
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The article describes the main stages of the development of a cross-national comparative and longitudinal survey re¬search project on basic human values in Europe. It is noted that the relevance of focusing on values is that they function... more
The article describes the main stages of the development of a cross-national comparative and longitudinal survey re¬search project on basic human values in Europe. It is noted that the relevance of focusing on values is that they function as prime guidelines in people’s life and they are also reflect many of the social changes that have taken place in Europe. A key result of the European Values Study project is that there is unity in diversity in Europe. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the new data collection provides researchers with information about current values and enables to find out if and to what extent and in which direction values are changing in a rapidly changing European society
Capitolo contenuto in &quot;I nuovi vicini Famiglie migranti e integrazione sul territorio&quot; (Ambrosini M., Bonizzoni P., eds)
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Although measurement invariance is widely considered a precondition for meaningful cross-sectional comparisons, substantive studies have often neglected evaluating this assumption, thereby risking drawing conclusions and making... more
Although measurement invariance is widely considered a precondition for meaningful cross-sectional comparisons, substantive studies have often neglected evaluating this assumption, thereby risking drawing conclusions and making theoretical generalizations based on misleading results. This study offers a theoretical overview of the key issues concerning the measurement and the comparison of socio-political values and aims to answer the questions of what must be evaluated, why, when, and how to assess measurement equivalence. This paper discusses the implications of formative and reflective approaches to the measurement of socio-political values and introduces challenges in their comparison across different countries. From this perspective, exact and approximate approaches to equivalence are described as well as their empirical translation in statistical techniques, such as the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) and the frequentist alignment method. To illustrate the appl...
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This chapter dealswith the complex task of measuring gender equality across European countriesby assuming two principal perspectives: the use of macro indicators, developed using gender statistics and describingthe country’s situation;and... more
This chapter dealswith the complex task of measuring gender equality across European countriesby assuming two principal perspectives: the use of macro indicators, developed using gender statistics and describingthe country’s situation;and the employment of micro-level indicators, which are built on survey-population measurements, such as ISSP and Eurobarometer, and refer to individuals’ perspectives on gender issues. The critical overview provided on the international indicesspeaks to different conceptualisations of gender equality. This requires awareness not only among scholars interested in the study of gender equality, but also among policymakers and audit bodies that evaluate policies. The EIGE Gender Equality Index, developed in the gender-mainstreaming perspective’s framework by the European Institute for Gender Equality,appears particularly meaningful for evaluating gender equality according to the overall European strategy. The measurement of gender-equality issues through ...
The thesis studies the gender dynamics as a multilevel and situated concept. It aims to investigate, by a comparative perspective, the change of attitudes toward female roles in the public sphere, here assumed as indicators of egalitarian... more
The thesis studies the gender dynamics as a multilevel and situated concept. It aims to investigate, by a comparative perspective, the change of attitudes toward female roles in the public sphere, here assumed as indicators of egalitarian values. The study uses data from cross-national surveys as the European Values Study and the Eurobarometer. The scales included in these surveys are critically evaluated in order to test their adequacy for comparative analysis. The multilevel analysis, performed in 22 European countries, shows the different contributes of individual and contextual factors. The attitudinal change from 1988 to 2008, in 7 cultural contexts (included the “Three Italies”) focused on the trend analysis, observing gender and generations differences, mechanism of change and its predictors. The results confirm that the context is relevant in the development of egalitarian values and, to promote an egalitarian culture, they invite societies to increase the educational level ...
Wondering whethergender mainstreaming really supports the shift to a more gender-egalitarian Europe,this chapter explores the intertwined relation between individual gender role attitudes, gender regimes,and gender cultures in Europe. It... more
Wondering whethergender mainstreaming really supports the shift to a more gender-egalitarian Europe,this chapter explores the intertwined relation between individual gender role attitudes, gender regimes,and gender cultures in Europe. It investigates how structural aspects, which determine the opportunities available for men and women to achieve their goals, as well as cultural features, which establish socially constructed, predominant family models and legitimised gender roles, contribute to explaining individuals’ beliefs in gender equality. The chapter reports empirical evidence of the positive effect of work-family balance policies, which enshrines the gender mainstreaming principles, on the promotion of gender egalitarian beliefs. Thesepolicies and workplace practices allow working parents to combine their professional and personal responsibilities, directly affecting their opportunity structures. Because of such realistic opportunities, people tend to express more egalitarian...
This chapter discusses some of the most urgent challenges to gender equality policies in Europe. The European gender-mainstreaming strategy represents one of the few attemptsto promoting gender equality through a transnational legislative... more
This chapter discusses some of the most urgent challenges to gender equality policies in Europe. The European gender-mainstreaming strategy represents one of the few attemptsto promoting gender equality through a transnational legislative framework.However,theachievements reached so far cannot be given for granted. Political changes, as the rise of right-wing Eurosceptic parties supporting traditional-family models and ethnocentric views, may address new political agendas in which gender equality is marginalised. Furthermore, economic changes can impact on family patterns and gender arrangements, with policy budgets affected as well. The chapter also points out the technocratic approachto gender equality adopted by European laws,whichneglected the cumulative and simultaneous effect of multiple inequities. However, gender often intersects with other differences that can exacerbate inequities. The chapter discusses therefore the gendered consequences of the economic crisis and of defamilisation policies, implemented to deal with the ageing population; and the risks connected with the adoption of ethnocentric, gender-blind policies in the management of the refugees crisis and integration.
The measurement of gender role attitudes has been found to be problematic in previous studies, especially in comparative perspective. The present study adopts a novel approach and investigates the position of the gender role attitudes... more
The measurement of gender role attitudes has been found to be problematic in previous studies, especially in comparative perspective. The present study adopts a novel approach and investigates the position of the gender role attitudes scale in the questionnaire as a potential source of bias. In particular, the present study aims at assessing the context effect of the family norms question on the measurement of gender role attitudes by adopting the theoretical perspective of the construal model of attitudes, according to which the adjacent questions constitute the context for interpreting and answering a stimulus. The study employs data from the CROss-National Online Survey panel, which was fielded in 2017 and contained an experiment where the order of the questions under investigation varied. The reliability, validity and invariance of the measurement of gender role attitudes across experimental settings and countries (Estonia, Great Britain and Slovenia) are explored adopting sever...
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The European Values Study (EVS) was first conducted in 1981 and then repeated in 1990, 1999, 2008, and 2017, with the aim of providing researchers with data to investigate whether European individual and social values are changing and to... more
The European Values Study (EVS) was first conducted in 1981 and then repeated in 1990, 1999, 2008, and 2017, with the aim of providing researchers with data to investigate whether European individual and social values are changing and to what degree. The EVS is traditionally carried out as a probability-based face-to-face survey that takes around 1 hour to complete. In recent years, large-scale population surveys such as the EVS have been challenged by decreasing response rates and increasing survey costs. In the light of these challenges, six countries that participated in the last wave of the EVS tested the application of self-administered mixed-modes (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland). With the present data brief, we will introduce researchers to the latest wave of the EVS, the implemented mode experiments, and the EVS data releases. In our view, it is pivotal for data use in substantive research to make the reasoning behind design changes and ...
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The book provides a systematic scientific overview of gender mainstreaming in Europe. It recalls the main steps of the origins and the development of the European gender mainstreaming (GM) strategy. The book also connects this framework... more
The book provides a systematic scientific overview of gender mainstreaming in Europe. It recalls the main steps of the origins and the development of the European gender mainstreaming (GM) strategy. The book also connects this framework with the current situation of gender equality and explores the strength and weak points of the strategy. To do so, it provides a critical evaluation of the instruments used to measure gender equality and explores how societal aspects, such as the opportunity structure defined by work-family balance policies and practices, affect the individual values of gender equality supporting the development of gender egalitarian cultures. Further, it develops an outline of the current and future challenges of the gender mainstreaming strategy, that run in parallel with the general European Union’s challenges, such as the integration process, economic crisis, migration and refugees crisis, and the rise of right-wing Euroscepticism. In addition, the old but always...
Differences in societal views on the roles of men and women have been addressed in many large-scale comparative studies by employing indicators of gender roles attitudes from cross-sectional surveys. Assuming that cross-country... more
Differences in societal views on the roles of men and women have been addressed in many large-scale comparative studies by employing indicators of gender roles attitudes from cross-sectional surveys. Assuming that cross-country differences in gender role attitudes are linked to the prevailing cultural value orientations in each society, this study aims at investigating the association between societal views on gender roles, as measured by the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), and the prevailing cultural values, as defined by Schwartz’s theory. However, to carry out meaningful comparisons, we first assessed the prerequisite of measurement equivalence between countries. The comparability of gender role attitudes is limited when using traditional methods based on the concept of exact equivalence (multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis). However, the recently established alignment optimization procedure reveals approximate measurement equivalence and suggests that the m...