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Identification of optimal location (aquasites) is based on the evaluation of number of sites in terms of number of criteria. In this study, twenty seven sub-criteria were categorized into five broad heads of evaluation criteria such as... more
Identification of optimal location (aquasites) is based on the evaluation of number of sites in terms of number of criteria. In this study, twenty seven sub-criteria were categorized into five broad heads of evaluation criteria such as water (9 sub-criteria), soil (7 sub-criteria), support (4 sub-criteria), infrastructure (5 sub-criteria), and risk factor (2 sub-criteria). The priority weights for sub-criteria within the evaluation criteria under consideration were determined using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and subsequently, these weights were used for identifying the optimal location from a number of alternative locales based on the relative closeness values and ranks assigned to them using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. Finally, the combination of TOPSIS and AHP methods constituted the methodology for identification of optimal location for aquaculture farming development. A case study application of ident...
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A 45-days indoor trial was performed to assess the effect of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on digestive enzyme activity, immune responses and carcass composition of amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals in Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931).... more
A 45-days indoor trial was performed to assess the effect of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on digestive enzyme activity, immune responses and carcass composition of amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals in Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931). Five iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated by replacing fishmeal (w/w) with FSBM (200, 250, 300. 350 and 400 g kg-1). A total of 300 juveniles (3.08±0.07 g) were randomly distributed to the experimental tanks at the rate of twenty shrimp per tank with three replications for each treatment. Protease activity (p<0.05) decreased with increase in the inclusion level of fermented ingredients. Shrimp fed with FSBM300 diet had a significantly (p<0.05) higher amylase activity than others. Whereas, the lipase activity was not affected significantly due to the dietary change. Total haemocyte count varied from 11.24 to18.54x106 cells ml-1 in FSBM diet fed shrimps. Control group showed highest activity of phenoloxidase (2.85 dopochrome ml-1) but it did n...
Research Interests: Food Science, Biology, SHRIMP, Fish Meal, Fisheries Sciences, and 3 moreFermentation, Soybean Meal, and Meal
ABSTRACT Lalramchhani, C.; Balasubramanian, C.P.; Panigrahi, A.; Ghoshal, T,K.; Das, S.; Shyne Anand, P.S, and Vijayan, K.K., 2019. Polyculture of Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) with milkfish (Chanos chanos) and its effect on... more
ABSTRACT Lalramchhani, C.; Balasubramanian, C.P.; Panigrahi, A.; Ghoshal, T,K.; Das, S.; Shyne Anand, P.S, and Vijayan, K.K., 2019. Polyculture of Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) with milkfish (Chanos chanos) and its effect on growth performances, water quality and microbial load in brackishwater pond. In: Jithendran, K.P.; Saraswathy, R.; Balasubramanian, C.P.; Kumaraguru Vasagam, K.P.; Jayasankar, V.; Raghavan, R.; Alavandi, S.V., and Vijayan, K.K. (eds.), BRAQCON 2019: World Brackishwater Aquaculture Conference. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 86, pp. 43-48. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Polyculture has been well acknowledged as a strategy for sustainable aquaculture production. However, reports on polyculture of Indian white shrimp with other fish species are limited. In the present study, polyculture of Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) was carried out to determine the species compatibility and the effect on growth performances, water quality and microbial load in a pond following biosecured zero-water exchange. Monoculture of P. indicus (25 no./m2) (T1) was compared with polyculture with milkfish at two stocking densities [(P. indicus- 25 PL m-2, C. chanos- 0.25 no. m -2) (T2) and (P. indicus- 25 PL m-2, C. chanos- 0.50 no. m-2) (T3)] for 75 days with each treatment having similar sized replicate ponds. Significantly higher (p<0.05) average total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite- nitrogen (NO2-N) were recorded in T1 (145.20±13.50 µg/l and 84.18±16.62 µg/l, respectively), whereas polyculture ponds recorded TAN of 103.76±13.07 µg/l and 81.11±5.09 µg/l and NO2-N- 45.23±9.41µg/l and 41.21±6.18 µg/l in T2 and T3, respectively. Significantly higher (p<0.05) ABW of pre-adult milkfish (148.04±4.15 g) was recorded in T2 compared to T3 (96.56±1.05 g), and production was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 (482.73±3.24 kg/ha) compared to T3 (369.10.32±6.62 kg/ha). No significant difference (p<0.05) in apparent feed conversion ratio (AFCR) of shrimp was recorded among the treatments, although T3 recorded the best AFCR (1.65) compared to T1 (1.89) and T2 (1.77). There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in total heterotrophic aerobic bacteria (THAB) and total Vibrio (TV) loads in pond water among three different treatment groups. This study indicates that polyculture of P. indicus and milkfish is ecologically and economically beneficial compared to a monoculture of P. indicus.
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Purpose To characterize the cell surface marker phenotype and function of ex vivo cultured cells growing out of human epiretinal membranes (ERMs) from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods All tissue collection complied with... more
Purpose To characterize the cell surface marker phenotype and function of ex vivo cultured cells growing out of human epiretinal membranes (ERMs) from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods All tissue collection complied with the Guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration. ERMs were obtained from vitrectomies due to intravitreal hemorrhage in PDR. Ex vivo cultivation under adherent conditions was performed in DMEM supplemented with FBS and the cell surface marker phenotype determined. Release of IL-6, IL-8 and TNFalpha was measured upon activation of the cells with TLR lingands and TNFalpha. The dynamics of the intracellular calcium was measured using fluorescent dye Fura-2 and imaged in response to mechano-stimulation. Results The cultivated ERMs formed proliferating cell monolayers when cultivated ex vivo. These cells were negative for endothelial markers (CD31, VEGFR2), partially positive for hematopoietic (CD34, CD47) and mesenchymal markers (CD90, PDGFRb, CD73) and negative for CD105. IL-6, IL-8 and TNFalpha secretion could be measured upon activation of the cells by LPS, Poly I:C and TNFalpha. Mechano-stimulation of the outgrowing cells induced intracellular calcium propagation representing their functional viability. Conclusion ERMs from PDR contain cells of hematopoietic and mesenchimal origin which have proliferative potential, release pro-inflammatory cytokines upon selective inflammatory stimulation and show functionality reflected through calcium dynamics upon mechano-stimulation.
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A feeding experiment (60 days) was conducted to evaluate the effect of Bacillus spp. fermented plant protein mix in Penaeus monodon. A control diet (CNT) contains 25% fishmeal, of which 50% was substituted (w/w) with Bacillus spp.... more
A feeding experiment (60 days) was conducted to evaluate the effect of Bacillus spp. fermented plant protein mix in Penaeus monodon. A control diet (CNT) contains 25% fishmeal, of which 50% was substituted (w/w) with Bacillus spp. fermented plant protein mix at two different concentrations of 0.25 and 0.50% (PP-0.25 and PP-0.50, respectively), while the diet prepared with untreated ingredients served as a negative control (PP-0). The daily growth coefficient (DGC) did not differ in the groups fed CNT, PP-0.25, and PP-0.50 diets. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was low in the CNT and PP-0.50 diets, while (protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent protein utilization (APU) were high in the PP-0.50-fed group. The dietary change did not affect survival and whole-body composition, while free amino acids varied among the treatments. Increased nitrogen intake and oxygen consumption were observed in subadults fed with CNT diet. Increasing Bacillus spp. concentrations significantly lowered...
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A fauna invertebrada desempenha importantes funcoes na dinâmica de processos relacionados a fertilidade e estruturacao dos solos. Processos mediados biologicamente sao fundamentais para a manutencao dos ecossistemas terrestres. A fauna e,... more
A fauna invertebrada desempenha importantes funcoes na dinâmica de processos relacionados a fertilidade e estruturacao dos solos. Processos mediados biologicamente sao fundamentais para a manutencao dos ecossistemas terrestres. A fauna e, ao mesmo tempo, importante para e resultado da qualidade do solo. Diversos fatores, naturais e/ou antropicos, podem alterar a abundância e diversidade da fauna epigea. A conversao de areas nativas para a agricultura representa uma forma de alteracao dos ecossistemas que pode afetar a fauna. Este estudo visou realizar levantamento da fauna em area rural do municipio de Doutor Mauricio Cardoso/RS. Os individuos da fauna epigea foram coletados com armadilhas de queda do tipo Provid a partir de distintas areas (fragmento de mata nativa, area agricola e area de borda), em tres periodos diferentes (10/04, 04/06 e 20/08/2016/16). Nestas amostragens, 14.335 individuos foram coletados, pertencentes a 16 grupos. Na area de mata, a frequencia relativa dos gru...
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The present study focuses on the immunity and growth of Penaeus indicus fed with varying protein levels (25%, 30%, and 35%) in a biofloc based rearing system. A 120 days growth trial was carried out using juvenile Penaeus indicus... more
The present study focuses on the immunity and growth of Penaeus indicus fed with varying protein levels (25%, 30%, and 35%) in a biofloc based rearing system. A 120 days growth trial was carried out using juvenile Penaeus indicus (0.71 ± 0.01) with dietary protein level, 25% (LP), 30% (MP), and 35% (HP), and a control diet-fed with 35% acted as control group resulting in 4 treatments each with four replicates and were randomly assigned 16 tank units (7500 L each). A combination of different carbon sources (molasses, wheat flour, and rice bran in 2:1:1 ratio), yeast and a probiotic (Bacillus sp.) consortium were used for the development of biofloc. At the end of the trial, the growth parameters of shrimps viz., initial weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and daily growth coefficient (DGC) were computed. The results indicated that shrimp fed with medium (30%) protein (MP) diet recorded significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth performance compared to high protein fed group (35%) and low protein (25%) fed group (LP) in a biofloc system and control group (35%). The immunological parameters such as hemagglutination activity (HA) assay, serum protein, lysozyme, phenol oxidase (PO), and inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed in serum, plasma, and hemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS). The HA activity, PO activity in plasma was found to be higher in high protein fed animals, whereas medium protein resulted in enhanced PO activity in serum. Similarly, lysozyme and SOD were inhibited well in high protein fed animals compared to the low protein fed group. The vital immune genes's mRNA profiling showed a potential rise in the expressional pattern in MP and HP treatments compared to LP and control. BGBP (beta-1,3-glucan binding protein) and hemocyanin mRNA transcript levels were highly upregulated in the HP (5 fold) and moderately expressed in MP (2 fold) and LP (1-2 fold). The transcripts of peroxinectin, antimicrobial peptides like crustin showed significant upregulation in HP followed by in MP and LP and control. Likewise, other immune genes, such as SOD, prophenoloxidase (proPO), showed a similar trend in a marginal way, indicating immunomodulation in the biofloc groups. This study suggested that biofloc with high protein (35%) supplementation can substantially enhance the immune response of shrimps, although medium protein level (30%) is optimum for improving the survival, growth, and in turn economic return in Indian white shrimp.
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The use of antibiotics in aquaculture can prevent certain diseases, however, its use is highly restricted due to several environmental and human health problems like development of antibacterial resistance. Probiotics are widely used for... more
The use of antibiotics in aquaculture can prevent certain diseases, however, its use is highly restricted due to several environmental and human health problems like development of antibacterial resistance. Probiotics are widely used for improving production of aquatic animals by means of improving water quality as well as by nutritional and immune modulation in animals thus, helping in preventing diseases. The present study was aimed to evaluate different strains of probiotics viz., a commercial probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii on the growth, microbial load and immunomodulatory performance of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Seven probiotic feeds each containing 5 x 109 CFU ml-1 of respective probiotics kg-1 of feed were prepared by top coating on apellet feed containing 35% protein and duration of the experiment was 75 days. All of the 6 selected strains of ...
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The concept of “biofloc technology” is changing the facet of intensive aquaculture with scope to attain high productivity in a sustainable manner. In biofloc, dense heterotrophic bacterial community is developed through C:N ratio... more
The concept of “biofloc technology” is changing the facet of intensive aquaculture with scope to attain high productivity in a sustainable manner. In biofloc, dense heterotrophic bacterial community is developed through C:N ratio manipulation, where the system becomes bacterial dominated rather than algae dominated and takes care of the wastes generated through in situ bioremediation. Protein is utilised in two ways; as feed for the shrimp and as microbial floc when the heterotrophic microbes convert the nitrogenous wastes into protein. It also promises a healthy rearing system, which is increasingly identified as one possible solution for disease problems especially those striking at early stages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofloc and periphyton technology (BPT) on the growth and immunomodulatory performance of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei during nursery and grow-out culture. The experimental BPT treatments with three tier substrate system wit...
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Biofloc technology (BFT) is a novel modern aquaculture farming technique used to reduce toxic nitrogen concentration, act as in situ food source and eradicate pollutants using carbon and therefore to control C:N ratio in an aquaculture... more
Biofloc technology (BFT) is a novel modern aquaculture farming technique used to reduce toxic nitrogen concentration, act as in situ food source and eradicate pollutants using carbon and therefore to control C:N ratio in an aquaculture system. In this study, effect of different C:N ratios of a biofloc based system on water quality such as the level of Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) nitrite-nitrogen (NO-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO-N) were explored. Further, the growth and immunity status of shrimp L. vannamei under the influence of different C:N ratios were evaluated. Two of the C:N ratios (15 and 20) could significantly (P < 0.05) reduce TAN, NO-N and NO-N levels (0.456 ± 0.01, 0.145 ± 0.09, and 0.102 ± 0.02 ppm) compared to control (1.45 ± 0.1, 0.749 ± 0.14 and 0.675 ± 0.16 ppm). Large variations in the frequency distribution of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for the bacterial community in water with different C:N ration (BFT) and control were observed. Vibrios often considere...
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The present study investigated the outbreak of white spot disease (WSD) in association with Vibrio mimicus infection, which occurred twice consecutively in a black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) farm located in the Sunderbans, West... more
The present study investigated the outbreak of white spot disease (WSD) in association with Vibrio mimicus infection, which occurred twice consecutively in a black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) farm located in the Sunderbans, West Bengal, India. The farm stocked with post-larvae (PL) @ 16 PL m-2, encountered disease outbreak on the 41st day of culture (DOC) followed by a second outbreak on the 54th DOC with 100% mortality each time. Shrimp samples were collected for molecular diagnosis as well as for microbiological investigations. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). V. mimicus isolated from the outbreak, was characterised by morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. V. mimicus isolated was found to be pathogenic by challenge studies which caused 100% mortality in P. monodon juveniles. Microbial load was studied in the natural infection and also in challenge trials in relation to the day of advancing infec...
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ABSTRACT Impact assessment of shrimp farming on groundwater needs selection of representative sampling units. In the coastal region, complex sources invariably influence the groundwater flow and its quality. This warrants multicriteria... more
ABSTRACT Impact assessment of shrimp farming on groundwater needs selection of representative sampling units. In the coastal region, complex sources invariably influence the groundwater flow and its quality. This warrants multicriteria evaluation techniques consequent to which Geographical Information System(GIS) based Analytical Hierarchical Process(AHP) was used for the selection of groundwater sampling units in an effort to assess the impact of shrimp farming. Thematic maps of eight base layers viz. distance from the aquaculture ponds, drainage pattern in the study area, lineament, soil texture, slope, landuse/landcover, geomorphology and lithology were prepared using ARCGIS 10 as these were the main factors that could impact groundwater quality. Information on the relative importance of the evaluation criteria was obtained by assigning weights to each criterion defined by pairwise comparison for all the above eight factors. Pairwise comparison revealed that the consistency ratio was less than the threshold value (0.1) indicating perfection in comparison of each evaluation criterion. Eight criteria of distance, seven criteria of drainage, three criteria of lineament, seven criteria of soil, eight criteria of landuse, three criteria of slope, seven criteria of geomorphology and five criteria of geology were computed and combined to develop a priority classification map related to the influence of brackish water aquaculture on the salinization of the groundwater in an effort to precisely assess the impact. On analysis, 29 sampling well locations were identified with three priority classes viz., (i) high priority (10), (ii) moderate priority (13) and (iii) low priority (6). Groundwater samples from all these sampling units were collected bimonthly starting from October 2011 till June 2013 and analyzed for pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), and Chloride(Cl). Results revealed no significant relationship of groundwater quality as per the priority classification. Hierarchical cluster analysis clearly elucidated the variation of different water quality parameters being independent of the location of aqua farms indicating multiple sources for variation. From the spatial distribution map, it could be concluded that groundwater quality is independent of shrimp farming.
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Larval rearing in hatcheries and highly intensive grow-out culture practices followed in shrimp production systems favour the growth of potential pathogenic bacterial loads. This study reports the efficacy of formalin-killed vibrio... more
Larval rearing in hatcheries and highly intensive grow-out culture practices followed in shrimp production systems favour the growth of potential pathogenic bacterial loads. This study reports the efficacy of formalin-killed vibrio bacterin on growth, survival and protection to challenge with virulent Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum in juveniles of banana shrimp Fenneropenaeus merguiensis. Postlarvae 15 (0·24 ± 0·01 g) were administered orally in different concentrations of bacterial preparation (0, 10(6) , 10(8) , 10(10) and 10(12 ) CFU kg(-1) feed) for a period of 6 weeks. Physicochemical and microbial quality of water in larval rearing tanks, and growth and survival of the postlarvae were monitored at regular intervals, and body composition was estimated at the end of the experiment. Shrimps were challenged with V. harveyi and V. anguillarum, and cumulative mortality was calculated. The group receiving 10(8) CFU kg(-1) feed showed highest average weight gain (162·66 ± 22·94 mg) and survival (90·33 ± 4·5%) and lowest cumulative mortality following the challenge with V. anguillarum (26%) and V. harveyi (36·67%). The results of the study suggest that formalized vibrio administered orally to F. merguiensis postlarvae could induce both homologous and heterologous protection against V. anguillarum and V. harveyi. &#39;Vaccination&#39; of shrimp postlarvae at hatcheries would help in preventing the losses due to vibriosis and the most susceptible stages of shrimp development. The study demonstrates the cross-protection offered by the oral feeding of formalin-killed Vibrio anguillarum against pathogenic V. harveyi challenge at the early developmental stages of banana shrimp, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis.
Research Interests: Microbiology, Biology, SHRIMP, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, and 6 moreAnimals, Vibrio, Larva, Formaldehyde, Penaeidae, and Vibrio Harveyi
An epidemiological investigation was done in brackish water culture systems in three coastal districts of West Bengal. A total of 198 farms were randomly surveyed with a structured questionnaire. The data showed that there was a... more
An epidemiological investigation was done in brackish water culture systems in three coastal districts of West Bengal. A total of 198 farms were randomly surveyed with a structured questionnaire. The data showed that there was a significant difference in outbreak of white spot disease (WSD) (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01), shell-associated problems (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01), and gill-associated problems (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) among
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Research Interests: Probiotics, Biology, Ecology, Aquaculture, Medicine, and 15 moreCholesterol, Animals, Fisheries Sciences, Alkaline phosphatase, Triglycerides, Probiotic, Analysis of Variance, Rainbow trout, Plasma Protein, Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, Hematocrit, Lactobacillus Rhamnosus, Blood Proteins, and plasma proteins
Research Interests: Food Science, Immune response, Complement activation, Flow Cytometry, Biology, and 15 moreEcology, Antioxidants, Liver, Green Tea, Animals, Antioxidant, Dietary Supplements, Fisheries Sciences, Hydrogen Peroxide, Immune system, Analysis of Variance, Immunostimulant, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, Catechin, and Lipid peroxides
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ABSTRACT Biofloc technology based 45-day indoor growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate (CHO), molasses supplementation on two developmental stages viz, juvenile (J) and sub-adult (SA) of Penaeus monodon in... more
ABSTRACT Biofloc technology based 45-day indoor growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate (CHO), molasses supplementation on two developmental stages viz, juvenile (J) and sub-adult (SA) of Penaeus monodon in zero-water exchange system. P. monodon juveniles (1.56 ± 0.04 g) and sub-adults (14.32 ± 0.22 g) were stocked in fibre-reinforced plastic tanks (1,000 L) with soil base. Carbohydrate supplementation significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.05) the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite-N (NO2-N) and nitrate-N (NO3-N) over the time periods in sub-adult group. However, no significant difference in TAN and NO2-N was observed in juvenile-based treatments. Supplementation of carbohydrate significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) the water and soil total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) count in both juvenile and sub-adults. Despite increase in total Vibrio count (TVC), lower TVC/THB % was noticed in the water column of J + CHO (0.82) and SA + CHO (0.73) compared to control groups, J − CHO (1.48) and SA − CHO (1.21). Supplementation of carbohydrate increased the final body weight in J + CHO (6.51 ± 0.44 g) and SA + CHO (22.52 ± 0.98 g) compared with respective controls, J − CHO (5.05 ± 0.45 g) and SA − CHO (20.00 ± 0.33 g). Similarly, significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio and better protein efficiency ratio were recorded in carbohydrate-supplemented juvenile and sub-adults treatment groups. The present study demonstrates that supplementation of carbohydrate reduced the nitrogenous metabolites and significantly enhanced the growth performance of juvenile and sub-adult of P. monodon.
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The moribund shrimps were exhibiting yellow discoloration of the cephalothorax, blackening of gills and ulcers in the uropod and telson region. PCR for OIE listed viral pathogens ruled out known viral infections. No bacteria was present... more
The moribund shrimps were exhibiting yellow discoloration of the cephalothorax, blackening of gills and ulcers in the uropod and telson region. PCR for OIE listed viral pathogens ruled out known viral infections. No bacteria was present in haemolymph however, low level of Vibrios i.e. Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus was found both in the water collected from the broodstock tanks and affected tissue region. Histopathological examination of affected tissues revealed presence of highly invasive fungal hyphae both by routine and specific fungal stain. PCR amplification of the ITS region (approximately 900 bp) and sequencing confirmed presence of Pythium insidiosum . Phylogenetic analysis of this isolate placed it among the environmental isolates.
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A 120-day experiment was conducted to understand the growth and immunomodulatory response of Penaeus vannamei reared in biofloc-integrated periphyton system–like natural substrates like bamboo (NS1), sugarcane bagasse (NS2), artificial... more
A 120-day experiment was conducted to understand the growth and immunomodulatory response of Penaeus vannamei reared in biofloc-integrated periphyton system–like natural substrates like bamboo (NS1), sugarcane bagasse (NS2), artificial substrates like polyvinyl chloride mat (AS1), agricultural shed net (AS2), and a control group without biofloc and substrate. Experiments were carried out in 500-L fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks at a stocking density of 100 nos/m3 (0.256 g). Shrimps reared in natural substrate-based treatments, (NS1 and NS2) recorded highest average body weight (ABW) and survival followed by artificial ones (AS1 and AS2), and were significantly higher (P < 0.01) compared with control. Significantly higher chlorophylla, ash-free dry matter (AFDM), and THB load were recorded in NS (1 and 2) followed by AS (1 and 2). Contrastingly, the Vibrio load was higher in control than treatments. Relative percentage survival was higher (P < 0.01) in treatments when challenged against V. parahaemolyticus. Serum protein level, phenoloxidase activity, and superoxide dismutase assay were significantly higher in natural and artificial substrate groups when compared to control. Immunomodulatory effects through immune gene study revealed a two fold to four fold upregulation in cytMn-SOD and mtMn-SOD genes in NS groups. Similarly, the lysozyme and prophenoloxidase genes were significantly upregulated in the treatment groups. The results conclude that biofloc with natural followed by artificial periphytic substrates were observed to deliver better performances, protective response, and immunomodulatory effects in pacific white shrimp P. vannamei culture.
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Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards) were investigated for different culture phases, developmental stages, brood stock phases and sexes in the present study. Regression lines differed among... more
Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards) were investigated for different culture phases, developmental stages, brood stock phases and sexes in the present study. Regression lines differed among the culture phases, developmental stages as well as between sexes. The length-weight relationship of the sampled shrimps had regression coefficient ranging between (b=1.13) in nursery phases to 2.947 in brood stock phases. The b coefficients were not equal to 3 in each stages, hence growth were allometric (b values were lesser/ greater than 3). The most significant variation in the slope was observed among nursery and brood stock phases. Sex wise comparison is not exhibiting highly significant variation between male and female. Therefore, separate inter conversional equations were derived for different culture phases, developmental stages and sexes to simplify management during culture. Additionally, condition factor was also found to be varying si...
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Rohu fishes grown with biofloc for 120 days have been examined for the histopathological changes occurred in the intestine and kidney after infecting with Aeromonas hydrohila with 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml and 1.5 ml where 1.5 X 105 bacteria per ml.... more
Rohu fishes grown with biofloc for 120 days have been examined for the histopathological changes occurred in the intestine and kidney after infecting with Aeromonas hydrohila with 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml and 1.5 ml where 1.5 X 105 bacteria per ml. There was drastic changes observed in control compared with treatments and within the treatments 1.5 ml dose has shown massive destruction in the tissues compared with 0.5 and 1.0 ml. 0.5 ml have shown least changes in external as well as internal parts of kidney and intestine. In the present study histological alterations were documented for different tissues intestine and kidney of A. hydrophila infected rohu fish Labeo rohita fingerlings, fed with probiotic supplemented diets with rice bran and ground nut oil cake in biofloc with added ammonium chloride when NH3 is reduced. Histological observations on intestine and kidney of control and biofloc fed fingerlings showed abnormal architecture of primary and secondary lamellae. Blood (0.5 ml) remove...
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A two-month experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of complex carbon sources on the biofloc system and its influence on Penaeus vannamei culture. Four sources of carbon viz. Tapioca flour (BFTf), Rice bran (BFRb), Wheat flour... more
A two-month experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of complex carbon sources on the biofloc system and its influence on Penaeus vannamei culture. Four sources of carbon viz. Tapioca flour (BFTf), Rice bran (BFRb), Wheat flour (BFWf), Rice Flour (BFRf), and biofloc were generated, the absence of CHO being considered as control (C). The experiment was carried out in 100L FRP tanks in triplicate, and the post-larvae (ABW: 0.11 g) were stocked @ 400 PL/m3. Results revealed that the addition of complex carbon sources effectively reduces the TAN by 62-67%. The average body weight of shrimp in the rice flour and wheat flour treatments were significantly higher compared to control. Similarly, improved survival was observed in rice bran treatment (89%). Beneficial bacteria were isolated from all the treatments as well as control. Real-time analysis revealed significantly (P<0.05) higher expression of digestive enzyme-related genes compared to control the utilization of carbohydra...
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Shrimp grow-out and hatchery systems are being affected by bacterial disease particularly Vibrios. The use of chemotherapeutic agents in aquaculture practices has to lead to the development of resistance among aquatic bacteria. Thus,... more
Shrimp grow-out and hatchery systems are being affected by bacterial disease particularly Vibrios. The use of chemotherapeutic agents in aquaculture practices has to lead to the development of resistance among aquatic bacteria. Thus, health management becomes of major importance in aquaculture. Under this situation, progressing bio-inhibitors from marine resources are most appropriate to be considered against pathogenic bacteria. Molecular docking is an appropriate tool in structural biology and computer-assisted drug design to predict and neutralize a target protein of known diseases. In this study, marine macroalga Ulva fasciata was aimed at developing inhibitors against luminescence disease-causing pathogenic bacteria Vibrio harveyi. U. fasciata was collected from the intertidal zone of Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Extract of U. fasciata was tested against growth and virulence factors of V. harveyi during Penaeus monodon larviculture. For molecular docking, the homology modeli...