Resumo: Os ciclos de estabilidade, crises e guerras, que permeiam os processos de transição de poder e hegemonia, são um tema recorrente nos debates de Relações Internacionais desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial, ganhando novo fôlego a partir... more
Resumo: Os ciclos de estabilidade, crises e guerras, que permeiam os processos de transição de poder e hegemonia, são um tema recorrente nos debates de Relações Internacionais desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial, ganhando novo fôlego a partir da crise da hegemonia estadunidense nos anos 1970 e sendo retomado no contexto contemporâneo de acirramento da disputa entre EUA, Rússia e China. Desta forma, o presente artigo realiza uma análise dos avanços teóricos do debate sobre o papel das potências hegemônicas para a estabilidade do sistema internacional. Inicialmente, o conceito de hegemonia foi revisado e, em seguida, foram expostas as contribuições das Teorias de Transição de Poder, da Estabilidade Hegemônica, dos Ciclos de Longa Duração e da Crise Estrutural. O objetivo central é identificar as principais ferramentas teórico-metodológicas que podem ser empregadas para a análise dos processos de ascensão e queda de potências hegemônicas, percorrendo diferentes abordagens, visando contribuir para a sistematização do debate teórico. Partimos da hipótese de que as teorias estudadas possuem mais pontos de convergência do que de divergência entre si e, portanto, podem ser aplicadas de forma complementar para a análise das mudanças estruturais na hierarquia de poder internacional. Do ponto de vista metodológico, foram revisadas as principais obras de cada abordagem teórica, considerando as seguintes variáveis: (i) a definição de uma potência hegemônica ou dominante, (ii) como se organiza a estrutura de poder internacional e (iii) como se dá a transição hegemônica ou transição de poder. Palavras-chave: Hegemonia; Transição de Poder; Estabilidade Hegemônica; Ciclos de Longa Duração; Crise Estrutural.
Abstract The cycles of stability, crises and wars, which permeate the processes of transition of power and hegemony, are a recurring theme in international relations debates since the Second World War, gaining new momentum from the crisis of American hegemony in the 1970s and being resumed in the contemporary context of intensification of the dispute between USA, Russia and China. Thus, this article analyzes the theoretical advances in the debate on the role of hegemonic powers for the stability of the international system. Initially, the concept of hegemony was revised and, then, the contributions of the Theories of Power Transition, Hegemonic Stability, Long Term Cycles and Structural Crisis were exposed. The central objective is to identify the main theoretical and methodological tools that can be used to analyze the processes of rise and fall of hegemonic powers, covering different approaches, aiming to contribute to the systematization of the theoretical debate. We start from the hypothesis that the studied theories have more convergence than divergence points between themselves and, therefore, they can be applied in a complementary way to the analysis of structural changes in the international power hierarchy. From the methodological point of view, the main works of each theoretical approach were reviewed, considering the following variables: (i) the definition of a hegemonic or dominant power, (ii) how the international power structure is organized and (iii) how the hegemonic or power transition occurs. Keywords: Hegemony; Power Transition; Hegemonic Stability; Long Cycles; Structural Crisis.
Abstract The cycles of stability, crises and wars, which permeate the processes of transition of power and hegemony, are a recurring theme in international relations debates since the Second World War, gaining new momentum from the crisis of American hegemony in the 1970s and being resumed in the contemporary context of intensification of the dispute between USA, Russia and China. Thus, this article analyzes the theoretical advances in the debate on the role of hegemonic powers for the stability of the international system. Initially, the concept of hegemony was revised and, then, the contributions of the Theories of Power Transition, Hegemonic Stability, Long Term Cycles and Structural Crisis were exposed. The central objective is to identify the main theoretical and methodological tools that can be used to analyze the processes of rise and fall of hegemonic powers, covering different approaches, aiming to contribute to the systematization of the theoretical debate. We start from the hypothesis that the studied theories have more convergence than divergence points between themselves and, therefore, they can be applied in a complementary way to the analysis of structural changes in the international power hierarchy. From the methodological point of view, the main works of each theoretical approach were reviewed, considering the following variables: (i) the definition of a hegemonic or dominant power, (ii) how the international power structure is organized and (iii) how the hegemonic or power transition occurs. Keywords: Hegemony; Power Transition; Hegemonic Stability; Long Cycles; Structural Crisis.
Research Interests: International Political Economy, Hegemony, Hegemonic Stability Theory, Giovanni Arrighi, Immanuel Wallerstein, and 10 moreRobert Cox, Robert Gilpin, Economia Politica Internacional, Susan Strange, Power Transition Theory, Economía Política Internacional Y Del Desarrollo, Maria da Conceição Tavares, Kindleberger, Estabilidade Hegemônica, and Ciclos de Longa Duração
El mundo enfrenta hoy una conjugación de crisis sin precedentes, a causa de la pandemia del COVID-19. La principal crisis, que afecta, en primer lugar, a la salud pública mundial, es la crisis epidemiológica. A esta, se le suman una... more
El mundo enfrenta hoy una conjugación de crisis sin precedentes, a causa de la pandemia del
COVID-19. La principal crisis, que afecta, en primer lugar, a la salud pública mundial, es la crisis
epidemiológica. A esta, se le suman una profunda crisis económica y geopolítica, marcada por la
competencia entre las potencias globales. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar los
impactos económicos de la pandemia de COVID-19 sobre el Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur)
desde la perspectiva de la geopolítica. Adoptamos en la investigación un abordaje cualitativo y
analítico, apoyándonos en las contribuciones teóricas de la geopolítica y en datos de las crisis
sanitaria y económica desencadenada por la pandemia del coronavirus en los países del Mercosur.
Las principales técnicas de investigación son la revisión bibliográfica de artículos, libros, tesis y
noticias que abordan los temas del trabajo, y la consulta a fuentes primarias como documentos
y sitios oficiales gubernamentales para la compilación y sistematización de datos sobre la crisis
del COVID-19 en los países del Mercosur y la economía de los países del bloque. En base a
las informaciones estudiadas, observamos que las relaciones comerciales del Mercosur han sido
profundamente afectadas por la crisis actual. En ese sentido, en caso que se mantenga la tendencia
geopolítica a la desintegración regional, es probable que la recuperación económica y social de la
región post pandemia sea lenta y difícil.
Palabras clave: integración regional; Sudamérica; Mercosur; COVID-19; pandemia.
The world is currently experiencing an unprecedented combination of crises caused by the pandemic
of COVID-19. The main crisis, which mainly affects global public health, is the epidemiological one.
Added to this there are a deep economic crisis and a geopolitical crisis, characterized by the
competition of global powers. In this sense, the objective of this article is to analyze the economic
impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) from a geopolitical
perspective. We adopt a qualitative and analytical approach, relying on the theoretical contributions
of Geopolitics and the data regarding the economic and health crises in the MERCOSUR countries.
The main research techniques are the bibliographic review of articles, books, theses and news
covering the topics abovementioned, and the consultation of primary sources such as documents
and government’s official websites to compile and systematize data on the COVID-19 crisis in the
Mercosur countries and the economy of the bloc countries. The results show that Mercosur’s trade
relations have been deeply affected by the current crisis. In this sense, if the geopolitical trend of
regional disintegration continues, it is likely that the region’s post-pandemic economic and social
recovery will be slow and difficult.
Keywords: regional integration; South America; Mercosur; COVID-19; pandemic.
COVID-19. La principal crisis, que afecta, en primer lugar, a la salud pública mundial, es la crisis
epidemiológica. A esta, se le suman una profunda crisis económica y geopolítica, marcada por la
competencia entre las potencias globales. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar los
impactos económicos de la pandemia de COVID-19 sobre el Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur)
desde la perspectiva de la geopolítica. Adoptamos en la investigación un abordaje cualitativo y
analítico, apoyándonos en las contribuciones teóricas de la geopolítica y en datos de las crisis
sanitaria y económica desencadenada por la pandemia del coronavirus en los países del Mercosur.
Las principales técnicas de investigación son la revisión bibliográfica de artículos, libros, tesis y
noticias que abordan los temas del trabajo, y la consulta a fuentes primarias como documentos
y sitios oficiales gubernamentales para la compilación y sistematización de datos sobre la crisis
del COVID-19 en los países del Mercosur y la economía de los países del bloque. En base a
las informaciones estudiadas, observamos que las relaciones comerciales del Mercosur han sido
profundamente afectadas por la crisis actual. En ese sentido, en caso que se mantenga la tendencia
geopolítica a la desintegración regional, es probable que la recuperación económica y social de la
región post pandemia sea lenta y difícil.
Palabras clave: integración regional; Sudamérica; Mercosur; COVID-19; pandemia.
The world is currently experiencing an unprecedented combination of crises caused by the pandemic
of COVID-19. The main crisis, which mainly affects global public health, is the epidemiological one.
Added to this there are a deep economic crisis and a geopolitical crisis, characterized by the
competition of global powers. In this sense, the objective of this article is to analyze the economic
impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) from a geopolitical
perspective. We adopt a qualitative and analytical approach, relying on the theoretical contributions
of Geopolitics and the data regarding the economic and health crises in the MERCOSUR countries.
The main research techniques are the bibliographic review of articles, books, theses and news
covering the topics abovementioned, and the consultation of primary sources such as documents
and government’s official websites to compile and systematize data on the COVID-19 crisis in the
Mercosur countries and the economy of the bloc countries. The results show that Mercosur’s trade
relations have been deeply affected by the current crisis. In this sense, if the geopolitical trend of
regional disintegration continues, it is likely that the region’s post-pandemic economic and social
recovery will be slow and difficult.
Keywords: regional integration; South America; Mercosur; COVID-19; pandemic.