Fourteen populations of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, originating from different hosts and countries in Asia, Europe, North America and New Zealand, were analysed for their competency and efficiency to... more
Fourteen populations of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, originating from different hosts and countries in Asia, Europe, North America and New Zealand, were analysed for their competency and efficiency to transmit tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). All populations acquired and subsequently transmitted the virus, and were thus competent to transmit. They show marked differences in their efficiency, expressed as the percentage of transmitting adults. Efficiencies varied from 18% for a F. occidentalis population from the USA (US2) to 75% for a population from Israel (IS2). The differences between populations were not affected by the amount of virus ingested or by the host plant used. However, the tospovirus species studied and age at which the larvae acquired the virus affected the efficiency to transmit. First instar larvae of the NL3 population from The Netherlands were able to acquire tomato spotted wilt virus, whereas second instar larvae failed to do s...
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A tospovirus from onion causing a disease known as “sapeca” by growers in Brazil was characterized. Symptoms on onion consisted of numerous eyelike spots on the leaves and flower stalks resulting in flower abortion. Nicotiana benthamiana... more
A tospovirus from onion causing a disease known as “sapeca” by growers in Brazil was characterized. Symptoms on onion consisted of numerous eyelike spots on the leaves and flower stalks resulting in flower abortion. Nicotiana benthamiana and N. rustica were the only systemic hosts experimentally found. Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) experiments demonstrated that this virus was serologically related to iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), a tospovirus recently described in the Netherlands. This virus, from onion, based on an amino acid sequence identity of 90.5% for the N gene protein, is regarded as a strain of IYSV and is designated IYSVBR This 10% divergence in the nucleocapsid protein may represent an adaptation of the virus to distinct ecological niches.
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... Nikolai AM van Beek 1 , Dick Lohuis, Jeanne Dijkstra and Dick Peters Corresponding Author Contact Information. ... of major ultrastructural changes consisted of appearance in the nucleus, 10 hr after inoculation, of a granular matrix... more
... Nikolai AM van Beek 1 , Dick Lohuis, Jeanne Dijkstra and Dick Peters Corresponding Author Contact Information. ... of major ultrastructural changes consisted of appearance in the nucleus, 10 hr after inoculation, of a granular matrix with coiled nucleocapsid strands at its edge ...
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The effect of thrips resistance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) previously shown to result in impeded thrips population development (Maris PC, Joosten NN, Goldbach RW & Peters D (2003a) Restricted spread... more
The effect of thrips resistance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) previously shown to result in impeded thrips population development (Maris PC, Joosten NN, Goldbach RW & Peters D (2003a) Restricted spread of Tomato spotted wilt virus in thrips-resistant pepper. Phytopathology 93: 12231227. Maris PC, Joosten NN, Goldbach RW & Peters D (2003b) Spread of Tomato spotted wilt virus and population
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Twenty tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) isolates were serologically compared in ELISA employing five different procedures using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum against nucleocapsid proteins (NuAbR) and mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs),... more
Twenty tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) isolates were serologically compared in ELISA employing five different procedures using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum against nucleocapsid proteins (NuAbR) and mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), two directed to nucleocapsid proteins (N1 and N2) and four directed to glycoproteins G1 to G4. All the antisera were raised against TSWV-CNPH1. The 20 isolates were differentiated into two distinct serogroups. Serogroup I consisting of 16 isolates strongly reacted with NuAbR. The other four isolates were poorly recognized by NuAbR and were placed in another serogroup, designated II. The panel of MAbs differentiated the TSWV isolates into three serotypes. The 16 isolates forming serogroup I reacted strongly with the MAbs generated and were identified as serotype I isolates. The four isolates which made up serogroup II were split into serotypes II and III. The serotype II isolates did not respond or responded poorly with MAbs N1, N2 and G3. The two other isolates placed in serotype III were recognized by N1 but not by N2 and G3. Two isolates became defective after several mechanical passages and failed to respond or responded very poorly with MAbs directed to glycoproteins. Our results show that ELISA employing polyclonal and monoclonal antisera is a useful tool to differentiate TSWV isolates and to detect defective forms. The results also strongly suggest that TSWV nucleocapsid proteins are less conserved than the glycoproteins.
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Twenty tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) isolates were serologically compared in ELISA employing five different procedures using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum against nucleocapsid proteins (NuAbR) and mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs),... more
Twenty tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) isolates were serologically compared in ELISA employing five different procedures using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum against nucleocapsid proteins (NuAbR) and mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), two directed to nucleocapsid proteins (N1 and N2) and four directed to glycoproteins G1 to G4. All the antisera were raised against TSWV-CNPH1. The 20 isolates were differentiated into two distinct serogroups. Serogroup I consisting of 16 isolates strongly reacted with NuAbR. The other four isolates were poorly recognized by NuAbR and were placed in another serogroup, designated II. The panel of MAbs differentiated the TSWV isolates into three serotypes. The 16 isolates forming serogroup I reacted strongly with the MAbs generated and were identified as serotype I isolates. The four isolates which made up serogroup II were split into serotypes II and III. The serotype II isolates did not respond or responded poorly with MAbs N1, N2 and G3. The two other isolates placed in serotype III were recognized by N1 but not by N2 and G3. Two isolates became defective after several mechanical passages and failed to respond or responded very poorly with MAbs directed to glycoproteins. Our results show that ELISA employing polyclonal and monoclonal antisera is a useful tool to differentiate TSWV isolates and to detect defective forms. The results also strongly suggest that TSWV nucleocapsid proteins are less conserved than the glycoproteins.
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The effect of thrips resistance on both the spread of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and the population development of its major vector Frankliniella occidentalis was analysed on resistant and susceptible pepper (Capsicum) accessions.... more
The effect of thrips resistance on both the spread of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and the population development of its major vector Frankliniella occidentalis was analysed on resistant and susceptible pepper (Capsicum) accessions. After release of viruliferous thrips, spread of TSWV was significantly lower in the primary and delayed in the secondary infection phase in plots with the thrips-resistant accession CPRO-1 compared to plots with the thrips susceptible accession Pikante Reuzen. Similar results were obtained in plots with a 1:1 mixture of plants of both accessions. Spread to the virus-resistant accessions PI 152225 and PI 159236, resistant and susceptible to thrips, respectively, was delayed in the secondary phase to plants of the former accession. Since the delay of the infection in the plots with thrips-resistant plants could only partly be explained by an impeded development of thrips populations, other factors, probably related to the behaviour of thrips, also affect the transmission of TSWV to the resistant plants. The results obtained indicate that thrips resistance in pepper can be a useful tool in IPM strategies to control TSWV infections.
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Viral symptoms indicative of Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) were observed on onion in several fields near Chenaran in Khorasan Razavi Province. Mechanical inoculation of herbaceous hosts with onion sap extracts from symptomatic plants... more
Viral symptoms indicative of Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) were observed on onion in several fields near Chenaran in Khorasan Razavi Province. Mechanical inoculation of herbaceous hosts with onion sap extracts from symptomatic plants showed similar symptoms to those described for IYSV. The mechanically transmitted virus reacted only with antisera specific to IYSV in DAS-ELISA but not with antisera specific
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To overcome the problems of restricted visibility and surgical mobility, as well as those posed by anatomical features oif the canine subfrontal sinus region and associated dura mater, aggravated by hazards of infection from potentially... more
To overcome the problems of restricted visibility and surgical mobility, as well as those posed by anatomical features oif the canine subfrontal sinus region and associated dura mater, aggravated by hazards of infection from potentially infected frontal sinuses, of uncontrollable haemorrhage and post-operative brain compression, a radical approach was devised, combining invasion of the frontal sinus with a lateral rostrotentorial craniotomy. This offers adequate surgical manoeuvring space, excellent visualisation of the rostral cranial fossa and its contents, proper asepsis, minimal haemorrhage and no untoward after-effects. The technique lends itself to diverse neurosurgical applications in the rostral cranial fossa of the dog. Particulars of instrumentation, and pre-operative, operative and post-operative procedures, done on 3 Beagles with excellent results, are described.
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The resistance of seven tulip cultivars to tulip breaking virus (TBV) was studied after mechanical inoculation by determining the number of infected plants and the level of virus in these plants over a period of one and a half years.... more
The resistance of seven tulip cultivars to tulip breaking virus (TBV) was studied after mechanical inoculation by determining the number of infected plants and the level of virus in these plants over a period of one and a half years. Three cultivars (‘Apeldoorn’, ‘Kees Nelis’ and ‘Lustige Witwe’) appeared to be susceptible. Four cultivars (‘Cantata’, ‘Juan’, ‘Madame Lefeber’ and ‘Princeps’)
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TSWV-N protein detection by ELISA. The presence of TSWV-N protein in individual thrips was detected by a cocktail ELISA with enzyme amplification (31,42). Wells of Nunc-Immunoplate Maxisorp F96 plates (Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark) were coated... more
TSWV-N protein detection by ELISA. The presence of TSWV-N protein in individual thrips was detected by a cocktail ELISA with enzyme amplification (31,42). Wells of Nunc-Immunoplate Maxisorp F96 plates (Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark) were coated with 150 ul of 0.5 ug of IgG ...
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The accumulation of two proteins, the nucleocapsid (N) protein and a non-structural (NSs) protein both encoded by the S RNA of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), was followed in larvae during development and in adults of Frankliniella... more
The accumulation of two proteins, the nucleocapsid (N) protein and a non-structural (NSs) protein both encoded by the S RNA of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), was followed in larvae during development and in adults of Frankliniella occidentalis after ingesting the virus for short periods on infected plants. The amounts of both proteins increased, as shown by ELISA and Western blot analysis, within 2 days above the levels ingested, indicating multiplication of TSWV in these insects. Accumulation of these proteins and of virus particles was further confirmed by in situ immunolabelling of the salivary glands and other tissues of adult thrips. The accumulation of large amounts of N and NSs protein, the occurrence of several vesicles with virus particles in the salivary glands and the massive numbers of virus particles in the salivary gland ducts demonstrate that the salivary glands are a major site of TSWV replication. The occurrence of virus particles in the salivary vesicles is indicative of the involvement of the Golgi apparatus in the maturation of the virus particles and its transport to the salivary ducts.
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The effect of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on plant attractiveness for the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) was studied. Significantly more thrips were recovered on infected than were recovered on... more
The effect of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on plant attractiveness for the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) was studied. Significantly more thrips were recovered on infected than were recovered on noninfected pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants in different preference tests. In addition, more offspring were produced on the virus-infected pepper plants, and this effect also was found for TSWV-infected Datura stramonium. Thrips behavior was minimally influenced by TSWV-infection of host plants with only a slight preference for feeding on infected plants. Offspring development was positively affected since larvae hatched earlier from eggs and subsequently pupated faster on TSWV-infected plants. These results show a mutualistic relationship between F. occidentalis and TSWV.
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The competence of a Frankliniella occidentalis and a Thrips tabaci population to transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was analysed. Adults of the F. occidentalis population transmitted this virus efficiently, whereas those of the... more
The competence of a Frankliniella occidentalis and a Thrips tabaci population to transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was analysed. Adults of the F. occidentalis population transmitted this virus efficiently, whereas those of the thelytokous T. tabaci population failed to transmit. TSWV replicated in the midgut of the larvae of both populations after ingestion of virus; however, lower amounts accumulated in T. tabaci larvae than in F. occidentalis larvae. The virus was almost undetectable in T. tabaci adults, whereas high titres were readily detected in the F. occidentalis adults. The first infections in F. occidentalis larvae were detected by immunocytochemical studies in midgut epithelial and subsequently in midgut muscle cells, the ligaments, and finally in the salivary glands. The infections were weaker in the midgut epithelial and muscle cells of T. tabaci larvae, followed by an almost complete absence of any infection in the ligaments, and a complete absence in the saliva...
Research Interests: Electron Microscopy, Aging, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Biological Sciences, Plant diseases, and 15 moreGeneral, Animals, Insects, Muscles, Epithelial cells, Larva, Salivary Gland, Stomach, Epithelial Cell Biology, Lycopersicon esculentum, Tomato spotted wilt virus, Salivary Glands, Insect Vectors, Thrips tabaci, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Recently high levels of protection against tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a negative-strand RNA virus infecting plants, have been obtained by transforming tobacco with viral nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences. Here we demonstrate that... more
Recently high levels of protection against tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a negative-strand RNA virus infecting plants, have been obtained by transforming tobacco with viral nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences. Here we demonstrate that this protection is primarily due to the presence of N gene transcripts in the cells of transgenic plants, and hence appears to be RNA-mediated. Further, transgenic tobacco plants are only protected to isolates and strains of TSWV and not to other tospoviruses that share considerable nucleotide sequence homology in their N genes to TSWV. In addition to being protected after mechanical inoculation, the transgenic tobacco plants are also resistant to inoculation using viruliferous thrips, i.e. Frankliniella occidentalis (Perg.), one of the most important natural vector species.
Research Interests: Genetics, Plant Biology, Tobacco, Innate immunity, Plant Molecular Biology, and 11 moreMultidisciplinary, Nature, Bio Technology, Plant viruses, Nicotiana Tabacum, Resistance Genes Mechanism), Transgenic plant, Protein Biosynthesis, Lycopersicon esculentum, Biochemistry and cell biology, and Tomato spotted wilt virus
AGRIS record. Record number, US9569082. Titles, Median latent period and transmission of Tospoviruses vectored by thrips. Personal Authors, Wijkamp, I. (Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.),Almarza, N.,Peters,... more
AGRIS record. Record number, US9569082. Titles, Median latent period and transmission of Tospoviruses vectored by thrips. Personal Authors, Wijkamp, I. (Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.),Almarza, N.,Peters, D. Publication Date, (1995). ...
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AGRIS record. Record number, US9329656. Titles, Tomato spotted wilt virus: a bunyavirus invading the plant kingdom. Personal Authors, Kormelink, R. (Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands),De Haan, P.,Peters, D.,Goldbach, R.... more
AGRIS record. Record number, US9329656. Titles, Tomato spotted wilt virus: a bunyavirus invading the plant kingdom. Personal Authors, Kormelink, R. (Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands),De Haan, P.,Peters, D.,Goldbach, R. Publication Date, (1991). AGRIS Subj ...
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1. Virology. 1965 May;26:159-61. THE PURIFICATION OF VIRUSLIKE PARTICLES FROM THE APHID MYZUS PERSICAE. PETERS D. PMID: 14295230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. MeSH Terms: Insect Viruses*; Microscopy, Electron*; Research*; Staining and... more
1. Virology. 1965 May;26:159-61. THE PURIFICATION OF VIRUSLIKE PARTICLES FROM THE APHID MYZUS PERSICAE. PETERS D. PMID: 14295230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. MeSH Terms: Insect Viruses*; Microscopy, Electron*; Research*; Staining and Labeling*.
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Research Interests: Potato, Transmission, Virus, Resistance, Cultivar, and 3 morePhloem, VECTOR, and Horticultural production
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Leek (Allium porrum) has become one of the major leafy vegetable export crops in Sri Lanka during last few years. This year-round crop is cultivated in open fields at elevations between 1,000 and 2,000 m on approximately 1,600 ha with a... more
Leek (Allium porrum) has become one of the major leafy vegetable export crops in Sri Lanka during last few years. This year-round crop is cultivated in open fields at elevations between 1,000 and 2,000 m on approximately 1,600 ha with a production of 27,000 t per year (2). In August 2009, straw-colored spots (2 to 3 mm in diameter), surrounded by a greenish halo and a necrotic area, resembling symptoms to those caused by Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) were observed on leek in Kandapola in the Nuwara Eliya District. Additional thrips damage consisting of silver-colored spots was observed on all plants. IYSV (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus) was first described and characterized in the Netherlands in 1998 (1). During the last few years, this virus was reported from Australia, Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, Guatemala, India, Israel, New Zealand, Peru, Reunion Island, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, the United States (4), and Japan. Collected samples were initially analyzed for IYSV ...
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Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae) was first reported in Greece during 1972 (3) and currently is widespread in the central and northern part of the country infecting several cultivated and wild plant... more
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae) was first reported in Greece during 1972 (3) and currently is widespread in the central and northern part of the country infecting several cultivated and wild plant species (1,2). In June 2006, virus-like symptoms similar to those caused by TSWV were observed on sweet honey leaf (Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni, [synonym Eupatorium rebaudianum Bertoni], family Asteraceae) plants in an experimental field in the prefecture of Kilkis and on potato (Solanum tuberosum, family Solanaceae) plants growing close to tobacco in the prefecture of Kozani in northern Greece. Diseased S. rebaudiana plants expressed chlorotic and necrotic rings and line patterns on systemically infected leaves and occasionally a general chlorosis or dwarfing of the plant. Potato plants expressed only necrotic rings or lesions and a mild plant dwarfing. Seven percent of the S. rebaudiana plants, but only 0.1% of the potato plants, were show...
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Two defective RNA-containing isolates (Pe-1 and 16-2) and an envelope-deficient (env ) isolate of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were tested for their transmissibility by Frankliniella occidentalis. The Pe-1 isolate contained a... more
Two defective RNA-containing isolates (Pe-1 and 16-2) and an envelope-deficient (env ) isolate of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were tested for their transmissibility by Frankliniella occidentalis. The Pe-1 isolate contained a truncated L RNA segment that barely interfered with symptom expression and replication of the wild-type (wt) L RNA segment. This isolate was transmitted with an efficiency of 51%, a value comparable to that found for wt TSWV (54%). Isolate 16-2, which contained a genuine defective interfering L RNA as concluded from its ability to suppress wt L RNA synthesis and attenuation of symptom expression, was not transmitted at all. The midguts of all larvae that ingested Pe-1 became infected, whereas limited midgut infections were found in 24% of the larvae that ingested 16-2. This difference in infection could be explained by the presence of a low number of infectious units in the inoculum ingested from plants as demonstrated in infection experiments and verified by northern blot analysis. The env isolate failed to infect the midgut after ingestion and could not be transmitted by any thrips stage. This isolate also cannot infect primary thrips cell cultures. Taken together, these results suggest that the envelope of TSWV contains the determinants required for binding and subsequent infection of thrips cells.
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The generation of defective interfering (DI) RNA molecules of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) was studied by serially passaging in-ocula from plant to plant under different controlled conditions. DI RNAs were generated at higher... more
The generation of defective interfering (DI) RNA molecules of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) was studied by serially passaging in-ocula from plant to plant under different controlled conditions. DI RNAs were generated at higher rates in plants at 16°C than in plants incubated at higher temperatures. Another factor promoting the TSWV DI RNA generation was the use of high virus concentrations in the inocula. The solanaceous species Capsicum annuum, Datura stramonium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana benthamiana, and N. rustica supported the generation of DI RNAs, whereas the virus recovered from the inoculated composite species, Emilia sonchifolia, remained free of any DI RNA under all conditions tested. This study resulted in a strategy to maintain DI RNA-free TSWV isolates, as well as in an efficient way to produce a large population of different DI RNA species. A single DI RNA species usually became dominant in an isolate after a few rounds of serial inoculations. The poss...