Understanding the genomic architecture and molecular mechanisms of cognitive functioning in healthy individuals is critical for developing tailored interventions to enhance cognitive functioning, as well as for identifying targets for... more
Understanding the genomic architecture and molecular mechanisms of cognitive functioning in healthy individuals is critical for developing tailored interventions to enhance cognitive functioning, as well as for identifying targets for treating impaired cognition. There has been substantial progress in uncovering the genetic composition of the general cognitive ability (g). However, there is an ongoing debate whether executive functioning (EF)–another key predictor of cognitive health and performance, is separable from general g. To provide an analytical review on existing findings on genetic influences on the relationship between g and EF, we re-analysed a subset of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the GWAS catalogue that used measures of g and EF as outcomes in non-clinical populations. We identified two sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with g (1,372 SNPs across 12 studies), and EF (300 SNPs across 5 studies) at p<5x10-6. A comparative analysi...
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This study aimed to examine the role of socio‐political attitudes and motivational tendencies supposed to mark closed‐mindedness, as well as other relevant variables of individual differences (Disintegration, i.e., proneness to... more
This study aimed to examine the role of socio‐political attitudes and motivational tendencies supposed to mark closed‐mindedness, as well as other relevant variables of individual differences (Disintegration, i.e., proneness to psychotic‐like experiences/behaviors and Death Anxiety), in the Militant Extremist Mindset (MEM). A community sample of 600 young respondents (Serbs, Bosniaks, and Albanians, aged 18–30) was recruited within a multiethnic region of Serbia that experienced armed conflict during the break‐up of the former Yugoslavia. The best‐fitted SEM model, incorporating measurement and structural relationships between the variables, showed that the latent factor of Closed‐mindedness predicted all three aspects of MEM as well as Neighborhood Grudge, that is, resentment toward neighboring ethnicities. The effects of Disintegration and Death Anxiety on MEM were entirely mediated by Closed‐mindedness. Compared to previous findings, Closed‐mindedness appears to represent the most important set of cognitive and motivational tendencies that channel protracted intergroup tensions into militant extremism.
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This article reviews empirical evidence to show that two conceptsattention and intelligenceare related at the empirical level. Data are presented to demonstrate that intelligence correlates with different types of attention, in-cluding... more
This article reviews empirical evidence to show that two conceptsattention and intelligenceare related at the empirical level. Data are presented to demonstrate that intelligence correlates with different types of attention, in-cluding sustained attention, search, ...
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This study investigates group differences in Militant Extremist Mindset (MEM) measures of Pro-violence, Divine Power, Utopianism, Vile World, and West, together with several variables building its nomological network. The study was based... more
This study investigates group differences in Militant Extremist Mindset (MEM) measures of Pro-violence, Divine Power, Utopianism, Vile World, and West, together with several variables building its nomological network. The study was based on groups from domicile population living within and outside the conflict zone and a sample of refugees/asylum seekers. We hypothesize that refugees as a group do not present a higher risk for engagement in militant extremism and, consequently, terrorism. Therefore, they do not present security risks for the host countries. Findings show that groups living in a conflict zone tend to endorse all aspects of militant extremism and conservative ideology. Furthermore, our results do not support the widely held belief that refugees are a security threat, as they tend to reject violent extremism as a means to achieve goals.
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Research Interests: Psychology and Routledge
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... of course, not only to hypothesize causes for the peculiar kind of IQ rises America ... A basketballculture emerged, plenty of people to play with, ever-more skilled ... Patricia Greenfield (1998) has argued that video games, popular... more
... of course, not only to hypothesize causes for the peculiar kind of IQ rises America ... A basketballculture emerged, plenty of people to play with, ever-more skilled ... Patricia Greenfield (1998) has argued that video games, popular electronic games, and computer applications have ...
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Page 1. MODELS AND PARADIGMS IN PERSONALITY AND INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH LazarStankov Department of Psychology ... by Lazar Stankov, Gregory J. Boyle, and Raymond B. Cattell Central Position of Personality and Intelligence Research in... more
Page 1. MODELS AND PARADIGMS IN PERSONALITY AND INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH LazarStankov Department of Psychology ... by Lazar Stankov, Gregory J. Boyle, and Raymond B. Cattell Central Position of Personality and Intelligence Research in Psychology ...
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Abstract. This paper addresses measurement and conceptual issues related to the realism of people&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s confidence judgments about their own cognitive abilities. We employed three cognitive tests: listening... more
Abstract. This paper addresses measurement and conceptual issues related to the realism of people&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s confidence judgments about their own cognitive abilities. We employed three cognitive tests: listening and reading subtests from the Test of English as a Foreign Language ...
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Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Education, Emotional intelligence, Personality, and 12 moreIntelligence, Educational Psychology, Cognition, Working Memory, Metacognition, Individual differences in L2/FL learning, Human Cognition, Psychometric testing, Cognitive Performance, Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence, Cognitive Ability, and Individual Difference
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Research Interests: Psychology and Cognition
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The use of IRT models has not been rigorously applied in studies of the relationship between test-takers' confidence and accuracy. This study applied the Rasch measurement models to investigate the relationship between test-takers'... more
The use of IRT models has not been rigorously applied in studies of the relationship between test-takers' confidence and accuracy. This study applied the Rasch measurement models to investigate the relationship between test-takers' confidence and accuracy on English proficiency tests, proposing potentially useful measures of under or overconfidence. The Rasch approach provided the scaffolding to formulate indices that can assess the discrepancy between confidence and accuracy at the item or total test level, as well as at particular ability levels locally. In addition, a "disattenuated" measure of association between accuracy and confidence, which takes measurement error into account, was obtained through a multidimensional Rasch modeling of the two constructs where the latent variance-covariance structure is directly estimated from the data. The results indicate that the participants tend to show overconfidence bias in their own cognitive abilities.
Research Interests: Psychology, Statistics, Psychometrics, Educational Measurement, Medicine, and 14 moreHumans, Computer Simulation, Business and Management, Applied Measurement of Vision, Pubmed, Education Systems, Questionnaires, Rasch Model, Reproducibility of Results, Statistical models, Sensitivity and Specificity, Confidence Interval, Cognition disorders, and Overconfidence effect bias
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The purpose of this study was to compare adolescents from Europe and Confucian Asia on measures of psychological constructs that reflect either maladjustment or positive outlook on life. Empirical findings are reported based on N = 7,167... more
The purpose of this study was to compare adolescents from Europe and Confucian Asia on measures of psychological constructs that reflect either maladjustment or positive outlook on life. Empirical findings are reported based on N = 7,167 secondary school students (15 years old) from Confucian Asia (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan) and from Europe (Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Serbia, and Latvia with 2 nationalities-Latvian and Russian). Participants&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; responses were used to assess several aspects of personality and psychopathology, in addition to well-being, social attitudes, and parental styles. Exploratory factor analysis of these measures produced 4 factors: Depression, Life Satisfaction, Toughness and Modesty. Adolescents from Confucian countries show higher levels of Depression and lower levels of Life Satisfaction in comparison to their European counterparts. The most potent influences on Depression and Life Satisfaction were found to be Toughness and Parental Warmth variables, both of which are, in turn, linked to differences between regions/cultures.
Research Interests: Psychological Assessment, Anxiety Disorders, Personality, Personality Assessment, Adolescent, and 15 moreAdolescent Depression, Medicine, Confucianism, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Empathy, Life Satisfaction, Humans, Business and Management, Europe, Female, Asia, Male, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Depressive Disorder, and Personal Satisfaction
Research Interests: Psychology, Psychological Assessment, Psychometrics, Personality, Item Response Theory, and 15 moreAdolescent, Medicine, Factor analysis, Humans, Business and Management, Personality Assessment Inventory, Correlation, Female, Male, Cross cultural studies, Cynicism, Militant, Pilot Projects, Reference Values, and Personality Inventory
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Research Interests: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, Perception, Personality, Intelligence, and 15 moreCognition, Metacognition, Medicine, Humans, Judgment, General Psychology, Calibration, Female, Male, Big Five Personality Traits, New South Wales, Adult, Empirical evidence, Cognitive Ability, and Individual Difference
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This book is the third in a series commemorating the contributions of Charles Spearman, one of the pioneers of the study of human individual differences and the statistical technique of factor analysis. The previous two books in the... more
This book is the third in a series commemorating the contributions of Charles Spearman, one of the pioneers of the study of human individual differences and the statistical technique of factor analysis. The previous two books in the series covered advances in modeling cognitive abilities (Dennis &amp;amp; Tapsfield, 1996) and the role of personality and cognitive styles in shaping the directions of intellect (Collis &amp;amp; Messick, 2001). In each instance, the books derived from a related conference, the Spearman Seminar. The goal of the present book, ...
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Prior research within the area of metacognition indicates that a self-confidence construct exists among both adults and primary school children aged 9–12. In this chapter, we review findings from several recent studies that demonstrate... more
Prior research within the area of metacognition indicates that a self-confidence construct exists among both adults and primary school children aged 9–12. In this chapter, we review findings from several recent studies that demonstrate good predictive validity of the self-confidence construct and examine the predictors of this construct. In these studies, the students’ academic, non-academic and metacognitive self-concepts were assessed. We also assessed students’ perceptions of their key environments: classroom and family. The results from these studies demonstrate stable individual differences in confidence ratings. Higher levels of self-confidence predicted greater school achievement, irrespective of a student’s cognitive ability, age and gender. Metacognitive and academic self-concept acted as both important predictors of the students’ levels of confidence and mediators of the predictions that other variables had on self-confidence. Classroom factors (goal orientation) were linked to metacognitive and academic self-concepts, which in turn positively predicted academic outcomes and self-confidence. Such results support the claim for the existence of a broad self-confidence construct, signifying its pertinence for school achievement. The results also suggest that a student’s perception of classroom and family dynamics has an important influence on both confidence and achievement. We discuss the implications of our findings for both parents and teachers, and we consider ways to improve academic outcomes for students.
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In this article, we report on an attempt to replicate findings with social axioms. Participants from 33 countries (total N = 7,825) were given a 30-item questionnaire based on the work of Leung et al. Several different methods of factor... more
In this article, we report on an attempt to replicate findings with social axioms. Participants from 33 countries (total N = 7,825) were given a 30-item questionnaire based on the work of Leung et al. Several different methods of factor analysis were used, and individual-level as well as the aggregated (nation-level) data were examined. The five-factor structure of social axioms did replicate at the individual level. At the country and world regions level of analysis, however, our findings differ from what has been reported previously. As before, the most pronounced arithmetic mean differences were obtained on Religiosity, with South East Asian region and Malaysia in particular scoring high and Western Europe, especially Spain, being low. Even though cross-cultural differences in Social Complexity were not pronounced, they are comparable in size with what has been reported for social attitudes. Differences between world regions on Social Cynicism, Fate Control, and Reward for Application were in-between those for Religiosity and Social Complexity. These results indicate that social axioms are useful constructs for cross-cultural comparisons.
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Research Interests: Psychology, Personality, Interpersonal Relationship, Social behavior, Factor analysis, and 15 moreCultural Differences, Norms, Social Attitudes, Country of Origin, Big Five Personality Traits, Emic and etic, Cultural difference, Sample Size, Personality Traits, Five Factor Model, Multilevel Analysis, Social Behavior, Personality Trait, Factor model, and Confirmatory factor analyses
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