The current research trend is focused on the valorisation of the agro-industrial residues. The agro-industrial residue such as whey, sugar beet pulp, cassava bagasse, apple pomace, and citrus waste, coffee pulp/husk are nutritionally rich... more
The current research trend is focused on the valorisation of the agro-industrial residues. The agro-industrial residue such as whey, sugar beet pulp, cassava bagasse, apple pomace, and citrus waste, coffee pulp/husk are nutritionally rich and contain simple sugars, dietary fibers, antioxidants, polyphenols and certain minerals. The processing of these residues for the production of value added/bioactive products for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry is gaining momentum around the world. Apple pomace is the waste produced from the apple juice industry. About 25-30% of the solid residue is produced from the original fruit and contains triterpenoids like ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, pectic substances, simple sugars, small amount of minerals, proteins and vitamins. Apple pomase contais 1 to 1.5% of ursolic acid and has different pharmacological activities such as hepatoprotective activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity and blood glucose lowering activity....
Research Interests: Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Chromatography, Modeling, and 12 moreFluidization, Adsorption, Scaling up, Fluidized Bed, Mathematical Model, Chemical Engineering Science, Circulating Fluidized Bed, Extrapolation, Packed Bed, Radioactive waste, Countercurrent chromatography, and Expanded bed adsorption
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ABSTRACT Biosurfactants are amphipathic molecules, consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains, which can partition at the interfaces between different fluid phases, such as oil/water or water/air interfaces. Mannosylerithritol... more
ABSTRACT Biosurfactants are amphipathic molecules, consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains, which can partition at the interfaces between different fluid phases, such as oil/water or water/air interfaces. Mannosylerithritol lipids (MELs) are a type of glycolipid. The yeast Candida (Pseudozyma) antarctica (ATCC 32657) secretes an extracellular MEL, with biosurfactant properties, when grown on a water soluble and insoluble substrate, such as glycerine or oils. Value added MEL was biologically synthesized, by using two different types of honey as natural and newer water soluble carbon source. Those types of honey as a carbon source were optimized at different concentration of total carbohydrate present in the honey. Further optimized substrate concentration of honey was monitored for 15 days, for studies of MEL yield and cell growth concentration per day on shake flask batch culture. Surfactant properties, such as surface tension, interfacial tension, foaming, emulsification and wetting of MEL, were observed. Produced MEL was confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques.
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Hypothesis of the study was that zinc and sulforaphane will act on common targets MT and Nrf2 in colon, increasing their intracellular levels leading to improvement in DMH induced oxidative stress thereby hindering the process of colon... more
Hypothesis of the study was that zinc and sulforaphane will act on common targets MT and Nrf2 in colon, increasing their intracellular levels leading to improvement in DMH induced oxidative stress thereby hindering the process of colon carcinogenesis in rat.
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ABSTRACT The objective of the present investigation was to separate, identify and characterize the major degradation products of olopatadine hydrochloride, an anti-allergic drug, generated under different stress conditions as per... more
ABSTRACT The objective of the present investigation was to separate, identify and characterize the major degradation products of olopatadine hydrochloride, an anti-allergic drug, generated under different stress conditions as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q1A (R2). The drug underwent transformation under acidic, basic, and photolytic stress, whereas it was stable in oxidative and thermal stress conditions. Total five degradation products were formed, which were separated by using HPLC on Inertsil ODS 3 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column using gradient elution program. A complete mass fragmentation pathway of the drug was first established with the help of LC-MS/TOF accurate mass studies. The stress samples were subjected to LC-MS/TOF studies. The obtained mass spectral data were employed to characterize four degradation products. The products formed under degradation study were identified as 11-[(E)-3-(Dimethylamino) propylidene]-6, 11-dihydrodibenz [b, e] oxepin-2-acetic acid, 2-((Z)-9-(3-(dimethylamino) propylidene)-9H-fluoren-7-yl) acetic acid, 11-[(E)-3-(Dimethylamino) propylidene]-6, 11-dihydrodibenz [b, e] oxepin-2-acetic acid methyl ester, 11-[(Z)-3-(Dimethylamino) propylidene]-6, and 11-dihydrodibenz [b, e] oxepin-2-acetic acid methyl ester. The developed method was successfully used for analysis of formulation.
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A sophorolipid (glycolipid biosurfactant from Starmerella bombicola) has valuable properties in addition to surface active attributes. This sophorolipid was produced as a secondary metabolite by submerged fermentation using hydrophobic... more
A sophorolipid (glycolipid biosurfactant from Starmerella bombicola) has valuable properties in addition to surface active attributes. This sophorolipid was produced as a secondary metabolite by submerged fermentation using hydrophobic (sunflower oil) and hydrophilic (glucose) substrate. The present work investigates the effect of inoculum age, oil feed and incubation period to increase sophorolipid yield. The highest yield of sophorolipid by sunflower oil was accomplished with an inoculum age of 60 h. Maximum substrate consumption and sophorolipid yield were found near about 200 h. At optimized fermentation conditions, 19.2 g/L yield of sophorolipid was achieved. The lactonic sophorolipid which is the major component of crude sophorolipid was separated and purified by adsorption chromatography. Normal phase and reverse phase resin were compared for adsorptive purification among which reverse phase resin provides better purification with 69 % recovery. Further surfactant and antimic...
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In this study, a multi-objective of an experimentally validated liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) model is presented. Maximization of the kafirin production rate and fractional recovery, and minimization of the solids... more
In this study, a multi-objective of an experimentally validated liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) model is presented. Maximization of the kafirin production rate and fractional recovery, and minimization of the solids inventory is carried out. The optimization results in a set of Pareto-optimal solution, in which no objective functions can be improved in value without degrading some of the other objective function values. Five process decision variables are studied: downer liquid flowrate, solids circulation rate, riser liquid flowrate, feed concentration, and effective downer height. The optimization problem is solved by an elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, or simply, NSGA-II of MATLAB. In this article, the multi-objective optimization (MOO) of the LSCFB system for continuous kafirin purification is carried out to solve a formulated three-objective function optimization problem. The optimization procedure reported here is generic and can find application in either designing or revamping of LSCFB systems.
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Apple is one of most important fruit crops with a global production of 69 million tons in 2011. India is 5th largest producer of apples and a large quantity is industrially processed into juices, ciders, purees, jams, and dried products... more
Apple is one of most important fruit crops with a global production of 69 million tons in 2011. India is 5th largest producer of apples and a large quantity is industrially processed into juices, ciders, purees, jams, and dried products yielding 25% to 30% of apple pomace based on fresh fruit weight. In India, annually up to 3000-5000 tons of apple pomace is produced as a by-product of apple processing industries. The apple pomace is composed of monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, sucrose; polysaccharides such as cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose; dietary fibers; organic acids such as malic acid; minerals such as sodium, calcium; phytochemicals such as triterpene acids ursolic and oleanolic acid (having more than 100 therapeutic activities), and polyphenols. In the present work the apple pomace was fractionated into triterpene acids, dietary fibers, pectin and polyphenols using quality by design approach. The selective extraction for triterpene acids was developed using engine...
The work was carried out for purification of Vancomycin from fermentation broth supplied by Strides after normal centrifugation. For the development of chromatographic process, consideration was given to revere phase adsorbents and use of... more
The work was carried out for purification of Vancomycin from fermentation broth supplied by Strides after normal centrifugation. For the development of chromatographic process, consideration was given to revere phase adsorbents and use of non-azeotrope forming solvents for elution and regeneration. Use of medium to higher concentrations of solvents was also considered that rather than using lower concentration of solvents, which results in energy intensive distillation operation and higher losses affecting economics of the process. The technology involves “Tandem Column Chromatography (TCC)” with three column consisting two reverse phase adsorbents and one ionic adsorbent. The TCC is advancement in the chromatographic separations with engineered operations wherein eluant or product fraction from one column is directly loaded onto second column without intermediate treatment and the outflow from second column is then recycled to first column for desorption/elution with or without tre...
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Vegetable edible oils and fats are mainly used for frying purposes in households and the food industry. The oil undergoes degradation during frying and hence has to be replaced from time to time. Rhamnolipids are produced by microbial... more
Vegetable edible oils and fats are mainly used for frying purposes in households and the food industry. The oil undergoes degradation during frying and hence has to be replaced from time to time. Rhamnolipids are produced by microbial cultivation using refined vegetable oils as a carbon source and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145). The raw material cost accounts for 10-30% of the overall cost of biosurfactant production and can be reduced by using low-cost substrates. In this research, attention was focused on the preparation of rhamnolipids, which are biosurfactants, using potential frying edible oils as a carbon source via a microbial fermentation technique. The use of low-cost substrates as a carbon source was emphasized to tilt the cost of production for rhamnolipids. The yield was 2.8 g/L and 7.5 g/L from waste frying oil before and after activated earth treatment, respectively. The crude product contained mainly dirhamnolipids, confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), and (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Hence, the treatment can be used to convert waste frying oil as a low-cost substrate into a cost-effective carbon source.
Research Interests: Chemistry, Food Science, Carbon, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, and 15 moreMedicine, Biological Sciences, HPLC, Cost effectiveness, Food Industry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Fermentation, Glycolipids, Mass Spectroscopy, Helianthus, Carbon Fibers, Carbon Source, Linoleic Acid, and Peroxides
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Oils and fats serve as one of the most important renewable feedstocks for various chemicals such as lubricants, textiles auxiliaries, biodiesel and surfactants. The oils have also proved themselves to be better substrates than glucose for... more
Oils and fats serve as one of the most important renewable feedstocks for various chemicals such as lubricants, textiles auxiliaries, biodiesel and surfactants. The oils have also proved themselves to be better substrates than glucose for production of biosurfactants such as rhamnolipids. Cost is major hindrance in the commercialization of these biosurfactants and fresh refined oils cannot be used for rhamnolipid production. Non‐traditional oils such as jatropha oil, karanja oil and neem oil can be used as newer feedstock for the synthesis of rhamnolipids. Jatropha oil gave the highest production of rhamnolipids, 4.55 g/L in non‐traditional oils and the rhamnolipid concentration was comparable to that of most common oils, sunflower oil giving 5.08 g/L of rhamnolipids. The jatropha oil contained mainly linoleic acid that showed the highest consumption rate as compared to oleic and palmitic acid. Neem oil produced a lower concentration of rhamnolipids (2.63 g/L) than other oils. Both ...
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Biosurfactants such as sophorolipids are natural and eco‐friendly surfactants that are used in cosmetics and health care products. In addition to surfactant properties, sophorolipids also possess antimicrobial and skin healing properties.... more
Biosurfactants such as sophorolipids are natural and eco‐friendly surfactants that are used in cosmetics and health care products. In addition to surfactant properties, sophorolipids also possess antimicrobial and skin healing properties. In the present work, castor oil (10%) was used as a non‐conventional carbon source in combination with glucose (10%) or with glycerol (15%) for fermentative production of novel sophorolipids by using Starmerella bombicola (ATCC 22214). The yields of sophorolipids are 6.1 g/L on castor oil with glucose as a carbon source and 2.7 g/L on castor oil with glycerol as a carbon source analyzed by anthrone method and HPLC. The structures of sophorolipids synthesized on castor oil were elucidated by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and 1H NMR of the purified compounds. The results indicated the incorporation of ricinoleic acid into sophorolipids without omega‐1 oxygenation step that is required for incorporation of oleic acid into sophorolipids. It r...
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Biosurfactants like sophorolipids (SL) are mild and environmentally friendly surfactants to be used in cosmetics and health care products. In addition to surfactant properties, SL also possess antimicrobial and skin healing properties. SL... more
Biosurfactants like sophorolipids (SL) are mild and environmentally friendly surfactants to be used in cosmetics and health care products. In addition to surfactant properties, SL also possess antimicrobial and skin healing properties. SL are produced by microbial fermentation using refined vegetable oils with glucose as a carbon source. This affects the economics of the production of SL. In the present work, non‐traditional oils like jatropha oil, karanja oil, and neem oil were used as newer feedstock for fermentative production of SL using Starmerella bombicola (ATCC 22214). In the fermentation, jatropha oil and karanja oil gave 6.0 and 7.6 g/L of SL (mainly lactonic form), respectively. HPLC, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometer, and 1H NMR of crude SL obtained from fermentation broth showed lactonic form of two major SL. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were preferentially consumed over other fatty acids by the organism. Neem oil gave lower yield, i.e., 2.63 g/L of SL (mainly aci...
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A novel liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) is modelled for protein recovery from feed broth. A typical LSCFB system consists of two individual columns (downer and riser), integrating two different operations (adsorption and... more
A novel liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) is modelled for protein recovery from feed broth. A typical LSCFB system consists of two individual columns (downer and riser), integrating two different operations (adsorption and desorption respectively) simultaneously with continuous adsorbent circulation between these columns. A general purpose, extensible, and dynamic model was written based on the tanks-in-series framework. The model allows adjusting the degree of back-mixing in each phase (solid and liquid) for both riser and downer. The model is validated with previously published data on extraction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model protein. Detailed dynamic analysis is performed on the protein extraction operation. The interaction between the riser and the downer are captured. Parametric studies on protein recovery in LSCFB system are carried out using the validated model to better understand the system behaviour. Simulation results have shown that both production rate and overall recovery increase with an increase in solid circulation rate and feed flow. With an increase in the entering feed concentration, the rate of production increases, but the overall recovery decreases. The model is flexible and can use various forms of ion exchange kinetics and can simulate different hydrodynamic behaviours. It is useful to gain insight into protein recovery process. The general nature of the model makes it useful to study other protein recovery operations for plant and animal proteins. It can also be useful for further multiobjective optimization studies to optimize the LSCFB system.