Nora Gattiglia

L’article vise à analyser la production discursive des supporters de football, notamment les banderoles affichées dans les stades de France pendant le championnat 2019-20 de deux séries de football professionnel. Le corpus se compose de banderoles métalinguistiques au sujet des pratiques discursives des supporters (tels les chants et les insultes) stigmatisées en tant qu’« homophobes » par la ministre des Sports Roxana Maracineanu et sanctionnées par la Ligue du Football Professionnel. Une première distinction entre discrimination, agression, violence et haine sera tracée. Ensuite, les stratégies discursives des supporters seront analysées dans le cadre de l’Analyse du Discours, en faisant référence aux études qui se sont centrées sur les violences verbales et le discours de haine (FRACCHIOLLA et al. 2013 ; LORENZI BAILLY, MOÏSE 2021).Trois stratégies discursives principales seront décrites : l’évocation de l’illégitimité des accusations d’homophobie et la revendication d’un vocabulaire « homophobe » ; l’interprétation des accusations d’homophobie comme un moyen pour réprimer le
mouvement ultras, qui est décrit comme un mouvement populaire victime d’une violence élitiste ; la dénonciation de l’hypocrisie des institutions (étatiques et sportives) sur le sujet. Dans le cadre d’une opposition entre autorités et supporters, le discours anti-homophobie
devient alors le signe de l’oppression symbolique sur un groupe dominé en lutte pour la légitimité dans son champ social et discursif

On 11th, January 2022, the Legault government in Quebec anticipates
a taxation on whose who have not been vaccinated against Sars-Cov-2.
The news triggers a lively debate on the general appropriateness of sanc
tions against those who do not follow the national health recommen
dations. This article analyses 378 comments by the readers of the on
line newspaper Le Devoir. The relative controversy has to do with the
foundations of democratic coexistence: questions are raised as to how to
maintain the social contract at a time when the exercise of individual
freedoms runs counter to the wellbeing of the community. But above
all, it is the ties that hold the Quebec community together that are cal
led into question. The debate on government measures expresses under
lying tensions, including the relationship to minorities – in this case, the
unvaccinated. Should their freedoms be limited to protect the majority?
Or does any minority have a right to self-determination? This article
addresses the recurrence of a specific figure, that of the “victim ”  within
the debate, embodied by both the unvaccinated, portrayed as a mar
ginalized minority, and the cancer patient being prevented from recei
ving treatment due to the overburdening of the national health system.
Both figures are at the core of two opposing discourses of victimisation,
constructing the figure of the victim as a peculiar variation of the notion
of minority that signals fundamental social changes. By studying the
debate around unvaccinated people and the relationship between this
minority category and a society that does not know how to manage a
threatening otherness, I propose to investigate the peculiar dynamics
of victimisation in the Quebec debate, and the impossibility to reach a
decision when the argumentation is built around this specific strategy.

Résumé
L’article vise à analyser la production discursive des supporters de football, notamment les banderoles affichées dans les stades de France pendant le championnat 2019-20 de deux séries de football professionnel. Le corpus se compose de banderoles métalinguistiques au sujet des pratiques discursives des supporters (tels les chants et les insultes) stigmatisées en tant qu’« homophobes » par la ministre des Sports Roxana Maracineanu et sanctionnées par la Ligue du Football Professionnel. Une première distinction entre discrimination, agression, violence et haine sera tracée. Ensuite, les stratégies discursives des supporters seront analysées dans le cadre de l’Analyse du Discours, en faisant référence aux études qui se sont centrées sur les violences verbales et le discours de haine (FRACCHIOLLA et al. 2013 ; LORENZI BAILLY, MOÏSE 2021). Trois stratégies discursives principales seront décrites : l’évocation de l’illégitimité des accusations d’homophobie et la revendication d’un vocabulaire « homophobe » ; l’interprétation des accusations d’homophobie comme un moyen pour réprimer le mouvement ultras, qui est décrit comme un mouvement populaire victime d’une violence élitiste ; la dénonciation de l’hypocrisie des institutions (étatiques et sportives) sur le sujet. Dans le cadre d’une opposition entre autorités et supporters, le discours anti-homophobie devient alors le signe de l’oppression symbolique sur un groupe dominé en lutte pour la légitimité dans son champ social et discursif.

Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyze the discursive production of football fans, with a focus on the banners displayed in the stadiums of France during the 2019-20 professional football championships (L1, L2). The corpus consists of the metalinguistic banners concerning the discursive practices of the supporters (chants, insults) blamed as “homophobic” by the Minister of Sports Roxana Maracineanu and sanctioned by the Ligue du Football Professionnel (Professional Football Ligue). First, a distinction between discrimination, aggression, violence, and hate will be drawn. Secondly, the discursive strategies of supporters will be analyzed within the framework of French Discourse Analysis, notably following recent studies on verbal violence and hate speech (FRACCHIOLLA et al. 2013 ; LORENZI BAILLY, MOÏSE 2021). Three main discursive strategies will be described: the definition of the accusations of homophobia as illegitimate and the explicit adoption of a “homophobic” vocabulary; the interpretation of such accusations as a way to attack the ultra movement, a people’s movement that is described as the victim of an elitist violence; and the denunciation of the hypocrisy of both governmental and football authorities on the theme of homophobia. Within the scenario of a confrontation between authorities and supporters, the anti-homophobic discourse highlights the symbolic oppression of a dominated group, fighting for its legitimacy in its own social and discursive fields.

Most interpreting students (and their trainers) face negative emotions during their educational path. Anxiety and stress are common, and can prevent students from performing effectively. Yet, interpreter education mainly focuses on language and communication skills, leaving emotional competence to the student's personal growth. This article advocates for a global approach to interpreter education, aiming at legitimating, understanding , and transforming negative emotions in the educational practice by means of a dialogic approach, grounded in the fields of Dynamic Phenomenology and Existential Psychotherapy. While interpreter trainers are and cannot be psychotherapists, they are communication experts and dialogue analysts who can harness their skills for educational purposes. In this article, I describe a dialogic approach

This paper aims at sharing some reflections and results concerning some experiences carried out within a European interdisciplinary Erasmus+ project. The main themes are community and peer mediation, considered from the perspective of educational innovation and experimentation. Two on-line videorecorded meetings of the project are analysed to show that the process of the project and this article-writing was consistent with mediation, that emerges as a topic within a discipline, but also as a cross- disciplinary methodology. The collective construction of meaning becomes a way to acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes while the participants are involved within interactive and constructive educational dynamics.

In the present article, we will describe five teaching experiences carried out by the Department of Modern Languages and Cultures of the University of Genoa as well as by the Department of Linguistic Mediation Sciences and Intercultural Studies of the University of Milan. The common denominator among these five experiences is the introduction of new technologies into translation, interpretation and intercultural mediation learning processes. Our communication aims at highlighting the pedagogical utility observed in the use of such tools applied to translation and interpretation teaching and learning. We will therefore carry out a pedagogical reflection on the potential of these resources, which remain quite unexploited nowadays

L'interpretazione telefonica presenta difficoltà e strategie specifiche che meritano una didattica concepita appositamente per la pratica interpretativa in assenza di fattori visivi. Il capitolo presenta un'analisi degli scambi comunicativi on-line (forum e chat) in una corso di interpretazione telefonica in ambito medico (italiano-francese). Focus dell'analisi è l'emergere di particolari atti di parola che portano la dimensione emotiva all'interno della pratica didattica, sollecitando quindi una presenza del formatore on-line in grado di coniugare aspetti di istruzione, facilitazione e relazione.

Drawing on Linguistics and Interpreting Studies as theoretical framework, and on Mediation as a methodology and ethical horizon, the authors present a critical approach to multilingual and multicultural mediation in the complex social environment of healthcare services. Written in four languages, the book outlines a theoretical and practical journey of analysis, field research and academic and lifelong education. Decentering the reader (language and healthcare professionals, and researchers) with its multilingualism, the present volume invites to move away from one’s given position to observe the multifaceted landscape of healthcare communication. Imbued with asymmetries and vulnerability, multilingual communications in healthcare settings demand special awareness: this is particularly true when the goal is achieving health equity and language justice.