- Dr. Nand Lal
Professor and Head
Department of Life Sciences
C.S.J.M. University
Kanpur-208024, INDIA - 91-9839342316
- Biology, Genetics, Plant biotechnology, Applied microbiology, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, and 8 moreLife Sciences, Environmental Microbiology (Biology), Extremophiles, Sugarcane Tissue Culture, Amylase Production from Acidophilic Bacteria, Sugarcane Farming, Shoot Tip Culture, and Biotechnologyedit
- I have been working in the area of Plant Biotechnology since 1985. My initial work has been on cloning and genetic ma... moreI have been working in the area of Plant Biotechnology since 1985. My initial work has been on cloning and genetic manipulation of various endangered Indian medicinal plants and sugarcane including the the production of artificial/synthetic seeds. Currently my interests include microbial biotechnology for exploring microbial enzymes suited for industrial applications, characterization of microbial and higher plant (mainly legumes) genetic diversity using molecular markers and physiology/biochemistry of stress exposed plants.edit
Immunoglobulins G, M and A were estimated in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 30 schizophrenics, 20 neurological controls and 20 surgical controls. Significant increased levels of serum Ig A and M were detected in schizophrenics. An... more
Immunoglobulins G, M and A were estimated in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 30 schizophrenics, 20 neurological controls and 20 surgical controls. Significant increased levels of serum Ig A and M were detected in schizophrenics. An association was observed between increasing levels of serum IgA and IgM with the duration of disease and the number of episodes. CSF IgG/TP% was also significantly increased with the severity of the disease. On the basis of viral aetiology of schizophrenia it can be concluded that the increase in immunoglobulins synthesis might be due to the persistent antigenic stimulation.
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Serum acetylcholinesterase activity was measured in hospitalized 30 schizophrenic and 30 depressive patients. It was observed that the enzyme activity was significantly higher in depressive patient than controls (Comprising of 20 surgical... more
Serum acetylcholinesterase activity was measured in hospitalized 30 schizophrenic and 30 depressive patients. It was observed that the enzyme activity was significantly higher in depressive patient than controls (Comprising of 20 surgical subjects). An increase in activity with the duration of illness was also noted in such patients. In contrast, schizophrenics did not show any significant increase except a little increase along with the number of episodes on comparison with control subjects. In view of the cholinergic predominance in depression it is suggested that increased serum cholinesterase activity in the aforementioned disorder may be due to a biochemical defence against the stress of higher acetylcholine content in the body fluids.
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The economy of many countries relies on agriculture. Salinity is one of the major constraints that limit crop productivity, particularly in arid and semiarid regions. The development of salt-tolerant crops is not an easy and economical... more
The economy of many countries relies on agriculture. Salinity is one of the major constraints that limit crop productivity, particularly in arid and semiarid regions. The development of salt-tolerant crops is not an easy and economical approach for sustainable agriculture, ...
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Seeds of V. radiata cv. PDM 84-139 were exposed to different doses of γ-rays, ie 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 kR and the treated seeds were used to study the effects on different germination parameters and photosynthesis pigment content of... more
Seeds of V. radiata cv. PDM 84-139 were exposed to different doses of γ-rays, ie 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 kR and the treated seeds were used to study the effects on different germination parameters and photosynthesis pigment content of 8-day old seedlings. Exposure to γ-rays caused ...
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Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic and possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). Acid rain is caused by emissions of Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxide, which react with the... more
Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic and possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). Acid rain is caused by emissions of Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxide, which react with the atomospheric water and water vapours to produce acids. Vegetation and soil are the prime receptor of acid deposition and function as sink. Monocotyledons are reported to be relatively less affected by acid rain as compared to dicotyledons and young rootlets, leaves and shoots are typically more sensitive to low pH conditions. It also affects the compositions/makeup of soil water which is the main medium of nutrient supply for the plants and soil microflora. Acidic rain solutions make their entry into the leaf tissue through the cuticle and produce marked effects on plants. Acid rain generally retards the growth of plants by stimulating abnormalities in metabolism of the plants, like photosynthesis, nitrogen and sulphur metabolism, however, there are exceptio...
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The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of diabetes, a known risk factor for periodontitis, on activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) as well as levels of... more
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of diabetes, a known risk factor for periodontitis, on activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) as well as levels of free radical damage marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood and saliva of individuals with chronic periodontitis (CP). Sixty patients with CP (30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [DMCP] and 30 systemically healthy patients [CP]) and 60 periodontally healthy individuals (30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 systemically healthy patients [PH]) were included in this study. After clinical measurements, blood and saliva samples were collected. SOD, GR, and CAT activities in red blood cell lysate and saliva and MDA levels in plasma and saliva samples were spectrophotometrically assayed. An analysis of variance test followed by a post hoc test was used to compare the intragroup and intergroup variances among the study groups. MDA levels in both the periodontitis groups were higher than in the periodontally healthy groups, but the difference between the CP and DMCP groups did not reach statistical significance (P >0.05). There was a highly significant difference between the CP and PH groups for all the enzymes studied except for SOD in blood. Only salivary SOD and GR activities were significantly different in the CP and DMCP groups. This study favors the role of oxidative stress in both diabetes and periodontitis. It shows that the compensatory mechanism of the body is partially collapsed because of excessive production of free radicals during periodontitis and is not able to cope with increased free radical generation attributable to diabetes, thereby worsening the situation.
Research Interests: Dentistry, Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, Medicine, Antioxidants, and 15 moreHumans, Female, Male, Oxidoreductases, Catalase, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Dental Plaque Index, Chronic Periodontitis, Glutathione Reductase, Cross Sectional Studies, Malondialdehyde, Case Control Studies, and Cohort Studies
Experiments were conducted on black gram and green gram to evaluate the effects of rhizobium inoculation on some germination parameters and early plant growth. In vitro germination data showed that inoculation with rhizobium accelerated... more
Experiments were conducted on black gram and green gram to evaluate the effects of rhizobium inoculation on some germination parameters and early plant growth. In vitro germination data showed that inoculation with rhizobium accelerated the germination velocity during first five days and caused subsequent improvement in root and shoot length and biomass. Rhizobium inoculation drastically enhanced the mobilization efficiency which resulted in vigourous seedlings. In vivo studies on nodulation and plant growth showed nodulation in untreated and inoculated seed-derived plants both; however, the later had significantly high values for plant height and biomass, and nodule number and biomass in both the crops. Physiological improvement of germination and early plant growth due to rhizobia inoculation points towards their role not only as nitrogen fixer but also as growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria.
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"Fusarium is a group of filamentous fungi widely distributed on plants and in the soil. This is a large cosmopolitan genus of imperfect fungi and is of primary interest because numerous species are important plant pathogens.... more
"Fusarium is a group of filamentous fungi widely distributed on plants and in the soil. This is a large cosmopolitan genus of imperfect fungi and is of primary interest because numerous species are important plant pathogens. Mycotoxigenic Fusarium species cause significant qualitative and quantitative losses to world agriculture. In addition, Fusarium species can cause serious animal and human diseases by producing harmful mycotoxins. Out of different pathogenic Fusarium species, F. oxysporum is most dangerous, because the diseases caused by them continue to threat crop production in modern agriculture, thus challenging plant pathologists for their efficient management. Traditionally, identification at species level is possible in several cases based on important cultural and morphological characters such as pigmentation produced by the fungus in culture media, kind of mycelium and their growth, characters of the sporodochia, nature of conidiogenous cells, micro- and macroconidia and presence, absence and type of chlamydospores are among the major cultural and morphological characters used to differentiate Fusarium at species level. The conventional methods for identifying the variability in the pathogens at species, sub-species and intra sub-species level have been the study of virulence reactions using disease rating scales on sets of host differentials. In several cases, traditional and conventional methods are either inadequate or completely lacking and therefore, precise information on these aspects need to be generated for elucidation of the extent of pathogenic diversity present in the pathogens using new methods. Molecular biology has brought many powerful new tools to fungal taxonomists including the potential for rapid identification of isolates, methods for rapid determination of virulence or toxicity of strains. Molecular methods (RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, SSR, ITS and rDNA markers) are being used to distinguish between closely related species with few morphological differences and to distinguish strains (or even specific isolates) within a species. The present paper reviews and gives a comparative account and progress made in traditional, conventional and molecular methods towards characterization the Fusarium population infecting various crops."
Shoot cultures of sugarcane cv. CoS 8436 were cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5% (w/v) sucrose. Biomass production, multiplication rate and shoot vigour were highest at 4% sucrose, while shoot... more
Shoot cultures of sugarcane cv. CoS 8436 were cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5% (w/v) sucrose. Biomass production, multiplication rate and shoot vigour were highest at 4% sucrose, while shoot chlorophyll concentration was highest at 2% sucrose.
Research Interests: Biomass, Biology, Sugar cane, Tissue culture, Stems, and 5 moreSucrose, Shoots, Utilization, Greening, and Shoot
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Mungbean (Vigna radiata) seeds failed to germinate above 0.1 % (w/v) detergent (Surf Excel) leveI. The water imbibition in seeds was accelerated by 0.025% detergent over control whereas other detergent concentrations retarded it.... more
Mungbean (Vigna radiata) seeds failed to germinate above 0.1 % (w/v) detergent (Surf Excel) leveI. The water imbibition in seeds was accelerated by 0.025% detergent over control whereas other detergent concentrations retarded it. Detergent at 0.25% level extended the duration of log linear phase of imbibition by 4 hours.The relative imbibition rate was accelerated by 0.025% detergent at peak # I whereas at peak #2, accelerated was noted with 0.025 and 0.05% levels. The dehydrogenase activity showed reduction with increase in detergent concentration and was significantly lower at 0.15% and above levels leading to failure of germination.
Shoot and callus cultures of two endangered medicinal plants, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. And Rheum emodi Wall., were maintained for 64 and 30 weeks, respectively on hormone-free MS medium incubated at 4-10 0C in the dark. Shoot... more
Shoot and callus cultures of two endangered medicinal plants, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. And Rheum emodi Wall., were maintained for 64 and 30 weeks, respectively on hormone-free MS medium incubated at 4-10 0C in the dark. Shoot explants of both the species survived for shorter durations at 25 0C on MS medium incubated either in the light or dark (with or without mineral oil overaly). Encapsulated shoot buds of P. kurroa could also be stored up to 24 weeks on nutrient-free agar from 4-10 0C in the dark. Like-wise, subculturing of callus cultures could be prolonged up to 35 weeks by maintaining the cultures at 25 0C on optimal growth medium overlaid with mineral oil. Morphogenic potential of R. emodi callus was slightly reduced as observe in recovery tests. P. kurroa shoots maintained at 4-10 0C showed induction of multiple shoots on the media lacking cytokinin.
The optimal adventitious shoot bud induction (4.33 ± 0.56) in leaf explants of Rheum emodi Wall. and their subsequent growth were obtained on MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg/1) and IBA (1.0 mg/1) within six weeks. Although... more
The optimal adventitious shoot bud induction (4.33 ± 0.56) in leaf explants of Rheum emodi Wall. and their subsequent growth were obtained on MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg/1) and IBA (1.0 mg/1) within six weeks. Although initially BAP induced shoot buds in leaf explants their subsequent growth into separable shoots required transfer of regenerating leaves on to hormone-free MS medium for a period of three-four weeks. Comparison of different leaf portions revealed that shoot bud regeneration potential was confined only to intact whole leaves, basal half lamina and basal part of petiole. Epidermal layers and leaf tissue without epidermal layers failed to show bud regeneration response. Histological and SEM studies showed no evidence of somatic embryogenesis during bud regeneration.
MS medium supplemented with 0.5-2.0 mg/1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) induced callus from cuttings and leaf explants of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. within two weeks. Maintenance and proliferation of callus were optimal on... more
MS medium supplemented with 0.5-2.0 mg/1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) induced callus from cuttings and leaf explants of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. within two weeks. Maintenance and proliferation of callus were optimal on MS medium containing 4.0 mg/1 a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg/1 kinetin (Kn). Shoot organogenesis wasd achieved from callus by its sequential transfer at different media i.e. induction of bud primordial on MS medium with 0.25 mg/1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and conversion of bud primordia into shoots on MS + 0.12 mg/1 BAP (with half strength nitrogen supply). Single combinations of media did not favour shoot bud/somatic embryo formation in this species. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/1 NAA. Four-week-old plantlets were successfully established in soil.
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" Amylases are extracellular enzymes that hydrolyze starch in different products like dextrin's, small polymers of glucose (maltooligosaccharides), maltose and glucose. In the present investigations, optimization of various... more
" Amylases are extracellular enzymes that hydrolyze starch in different products like dextrin's, small polymers of glucose (maltooligosaccharides), maltose and glucose. In the present investigations, optimization of various individual physical variables (agitation-100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 rpm, incubation period-12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, and 120 hrs, pH-5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0 and temperature-37, 45, 50, 55 and 600C) was studied for production of an acidophilic and thermostable amylase (stable in a range of temperature and pH between 30-850C and 3.5–8.5 pH) from Bacillus licheniformis JAR-26. The results of fermentation experiments conducted using 50 ml of medium in 250 ml of Erlenmeyer flasks, inoculated with a cell suspension of optical density 0.5, showed that maximum bacterial growth, amylase production and enzyme yield could be achieved using 200 rpm agitation, 5.5 pH, 450C temperatures and 36 hr incubation period. The optimized physical factors hold promise for large scale production of this industrially useful enzyme. "
Sub-apical slices and leaf-roll explants of sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids) cv. BO 91 formed callus on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with 5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4.D). Callus was maintained on 3... more
Sub-apical slices and leaf-roll explants of sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids) cv. BO 91 formed callus on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with 5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4.D). Callus was maintained on 3 mg/I 2,4-D augmented medium, Concentrations ...
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(English) A method for rapid multiplication of sugarcane has been developed using shoot tip culture. In vitro shoot multiplication and growth were optimal in modified MS liquid medium containing 0.25 mg/l kinetin and 6-benzylami opurine... more
(English) A method for rapid multiplication of sugarcane has been developed using shoot tip culture. In vitro shoot multiplication and growth were optimal in modified MS liquid medium containing 0.25 mg/l kinetin and 6-benzylami opurine each. In this medium ...
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Bioremediation using living organisms, primarily microorganisms, offers the possibility to degrade or detoxify substances hazardous to human health and/or the environment. Explosives or ‘explosive waste’ fall into the category of... more
Bioremediation using living organisms, primarily microorganisms, offers the possibility to degrade or detoxify substances hazardous to human health and/or the environment. Explosives or ‘explosive waste’ fall into the category of energetic materials and are susceptible to initiation or self-sustained energy release, when present in sufficient quantities and exposed to stimuli such as heat, shock, friction, chemical incompatibility or electrostatic discharge. Explosives are classified as primary or secondary based on their susceptibility to initiation. The nitrate esters are classified as secondary explosives, as they are formulated to detonate only under certain conditions. Nitroglycerin or glycerol trinitrate (GTN) is manufactured for use as an explosive in the double-base gun and rocket propellants and as a pharmaceutical vasodilator. For most of its industrial history, GTN was considered either recalcitrant to microbial biodegradation or even inherently non-biodegradable and high concentrations of the ester (>900 ppm) were inhibitory to bacterial growth. Physicochemical methods of GTN destruction involve adsorption on activated carbon followed by reduction with inorganic chemicals or by alkaline hydrolysis, yielding glycerol and nitrite or nitrate. However, these techniques suffer from high operational costs, the presence of excess reactants that remain dissolved in the effluent and the necessity for secondary treatment to remove nitrogenous products. This review paper describes biotransformation and biodegradation of GTN using bacteria and fungi, which may offer a means of removal of GTN from waste streams and bioremediation of contaminated land sites. Possibilities of developing transgenic plants carrying microbial genes capable of metabolising GTN, and problems that can occur during the bioremediation of GTN, from the bacteria and fungi unable to adapt to the extreme anaerobic or anaerobic environment are also discussed in the paper.
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Abstract Widespread contamination of the environment by explosives resulting from the manufacture, disposal and testing of munitions is becoming a matter of increasing concern. Most explosives are considered to be a major hazard to... more
Abstract Widespread contamination of the environment by explosives resulting from the manufacture, disposal and testing of munitions is becoming a matter of increasing concern. Most explosives are considered to be a major hazard to biologi-cal systems due to their toxic ...
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Go to AGRIS search. Sugar Cane (1997). Yield performance of sugarcane mericlone transplants under different inter-row and intra-row spacing combinations. Nand Lal (GSSBRI, PIO, Tamkuhi, Padruana 274407 (India)). Date of publication, 1997.... more
Go to AGRIS search. Sugar Cane (1997). Yield performance of sugarcane mericlone transplants under different inter-row and intra-row spacing combinations. Nand Lal (GSSBRI, PIO, Tamkuhi, Padruana 274407 (India)). Date of publication, 1997. ...
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Studies were conducted to investigate agar concentration effects on pH of culture medium, conductivity, rigidity and plantlet formation response in in vitro grown sugarcane shoot cultures. The results revealed a linear relationship... more
Studies were conducted to investigate agar concentration effects on pH of culture medium, conductivity, rigidity and plantlet formation response in in vitro grown sugarcane shoot cultures. The results revealed a linear relationship between agar concentration and media ...
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Plant Science, 60 (1989) 111-116 111 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd. PROPAGATION OF VALERIANA WALLICHII DC. USING ENCAPSULATED APICAL AND AXIAL SHOOT BUDS* JAIDEEP MATHUR, PARMAVIR SINGH AHUJA**, NAND LAL and AJAY KUMAR ...
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Synthetic seeds have been a subject of great interest to biotechnologists and have opened the hope for commercial propagation of medium per unit value of crops by providing low cost, high volume propagation system coupled with low cost... more
Synthetic seeds have been a subject of great interest to biotechnologists and have opened the hope for commercial propagation of medium per unit value of crops by providing low cost, high volume propagation system coupled with low cost diversity. Significant developments in ...
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Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Journal, Volume 2010: GEBJ-5 ... Efficiency of Three PCR based Marker Systems for Detecting DNA Polymorphism ... Jhuma Datta1, Nand Lal1*, Mayank Kaashyap2, Prasoon P Gupta2 1Department of Life... more
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Journal, Volume 2010: GEBJ-5 ... Efficiency of Three PCR based Marker Systems for Detecting DNA Polymorphism ... Jhuma Datta1, Nand Lal1*, Mayank Kaashyap2, Prasoon P Gupta2 1Department of Life Sciences, CSJM University, ...
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Six Indian medicinal plants Enicostema axillare Blume, Melia azedarach, Citrus maxima, Hibuscus rosa-sinensis, Adhatoda zeylanica and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis used by local peoples for the treatment of several ailments of microbial and... more
Six Indian medicinal plants Enicostema axillare Blume, Melia azedarach, Citrus maxima, Hibuscus rosa-sinensis, Adhatoda zeylanica and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis used by local peoples for the treatment of several ailments of microbial and non-microbial origins were investigated for ...
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A comparative study on performance of Mericlone-derived seed cane for % sprouting, tillers/ ha, number of millable canes/ ha, cane yield/ha, CCS% and sugar yield/ha over conventional seed cane was conducted on two sugarcane clones (Co.... more
A comparative study on performance of Mericlone-derived seed cane for % sprouting, tillers/ ha, number of millable canes/ ha, cane yield/ha, CCS% and sugar yield/ha over conventional seed cane was conducted on two sugarcane clones (Co. Se. 92423 and UP22) following ...
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Record number, IN9200201. Titles, Correlation of fresh weight of callus to corresponding volumes in sugarcane - Short Communication. Personal Authors, Nand Lal; Singh, HN (GS Sugarcane Breeding and Research Inst., Seorahi (India)).... more
Record number, IN9200201. Titles, Correlation of fresh weight of callus to corresponding volumes in sugarcane - Short Communication. Personal Authors, Nand Lal; Singh, HN (GS Sugarcane Breeding and Research Inst., Seorahi (India)). Publication Date, (Sep 1991). AGRIS Subj ...
... Titles, Morphogenesis and growth studies on sugarcane callus under different 2,4-D levels - Short Communication. Personal Authors, Nand Lal,Singh, HN (GS Sugarcane Breeding and Research Inst., Seorahi, PO Tamkuhi Raj, Deoria (India)).... more
... Titles, Morphogenesis and growth studies on sugarcane callus under different 2,4-D levels - Short Communication. Personal Authors, Nand Lal,Singh, HN (GS Sugarcane Breeding and Research Inst., Seorahi, PO Tamkuhi Raj, Deoria (India)). Publication Date, (Mar 1991). ...
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Nickel (Ni2+) contamination in agricultural soils due to atmospheric deposition and industrial pollution constitutes a risk to food security for increasing population. Ni2+ is an essential micronutrient for most of the plant species to... more
Nickel (Ni2+) contamination in agricultural soils due to atmospheric deposition and industrial pollution constitutes a risk to food security for increasing population. Ni2+ is an essential micronutrient for most of the plant species to complete their life cycle but its higher concentrations are toxic and severely interfere with many physiological and biochemical processes leading to reduced productivity and product quality. This paper gives an overview of the occurrence and sources of Ni2+ in environment, as well as Ni2+ essentiality and toxicity in plants.
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Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity has an unavoidable threat to environment and public health due to their increasing contamination and accumulation in atmosphere which ultimately passes to the living beings by the route of food chain. Heavy... more
Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity has an unavoidable threat to environment and public health due to their increasing contamination and accumulation in atmosphere which ultimately passes to the living beings by the route of food chain. Heavy metals are increasing rapidly in soil and water by weathering of rocks and anthropogenic activities and are now emerging as a major health hazard to humans and plants. Among them Nickel (Ni 2+) is a controversial element because of debate on its essentiality or non-essentiality in plants. Ni 2+ is an important constituent (micronutrient) of many metallo-enzymes including urease, Ni-Fe hydrogenase, Ni-superoxide dismutase etc. while at higher level it affects all cellular and metabolic processes and causes retardation of germination, competition with other essential metal ions, osmotic imbalance, alteration of many enzymatic activities, disruption of cell structure and wilting, reduced photosynthetic activity, oxidative stress etc. Plants also possess some natural and stress-induced strategies to cope up with Ni 2+ excess/toxicity. These strategies include growth regulators, antioxidative enzymes, amino acids as osmoprotectant, and chelation of Ni 2+ with metalloproteins and metallothionins. This review focuses on researches done on the morpho-biochemical alterations induced by elevated Ni 2+ concentration in plants and as well as the strategies adapted by plants to survive and neutralize the effects of these alterations.
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Amylases (EC 3.2.1.1, 1, 4--D-glucan glucanohydrolase) are one of the most important and oldest industrial enzymes that hydrolyze starch at -1, 4 glycosidic bond in the interior of the starch molecule, and hold the maximum market share... more
Amylases (EC 3.2.1.1, 1, 4--D-glucan glucanohydrolase) are one of the most important and oldest industrial enzymes that hydrolyze starch at -1, 4 glycosidic bond in the interior of the starch molecule, and hold the maximum market share of enzyme sales. Amylases are ubiquitously produced by plants, animals and microorganisms, however, microbial sources are the most preferred for large scale production and industrial use. The production of -amylases from microbes depends on the strain, physical (pH, temperature, aeration) and nutritional (carbon, nitrogen, mineral ions) factors. Keeping this in view, the present study aimed to investigate effect of different concentrations (control, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0% w/V) of five carbon sources viz starch, glucose, maltose, fructose and sucrose on growth and enzyme production from B. licheniformis JAR-26. Among the tested carbon sources, maltose proved best carbon source for amylase production and maximum amylase production was recorded at 2% maltose (4.181 U/ ml of medium). At this concentration growth/OD was 1.529 and bacteria could utilize 98.2% of the available sugar in the medium. After maltose, starch was second suitable source for enzyme production and 2% starch showed 3.622 U/ml enzyme production. Glucose and fructose resulted in higher biomass yield (maximum biomass at 2% glucose, OD=1.741) in comparison to other sources but amylase production was very poor (lowest at 4% fructose, 0.710 U/ml). From comparison of the various treatments, it is suggested that for maximum biomass production of B. licheniformis JAR-26, growth medium may be supplemented with 3% glucose whereas to achieve maximum amylase production culture medium may be supplemented with 2% maltose under submerged fermentation.
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SUMMARY Studies were conducted to investigate agar concentration effects on pH ofculture medium, conductivity, rigidity and plantlet formation response in in vitro grown sugarcane shoot cultures. The results revealed / a linear... more
SUMMARY Studies were conducted to investigate agar concentration effects on pH ofculture medium, conductivity, rigidity and plantlet formation response in in vitro grown sugarcane shoot cultures. The results revealed / a linear relationship between agar concentration and media conductivity whereas spreading radius showed a decreasing trend with increasing agar levels. Media with lower agar concentration were proven to broad changes in pH values due to sterilization (0.65) as well as post sterilization storage (1.13) over higher agar levels. This change was always towards acidity and was further enhanced in presence of sugarcane tissues. Higher conductivity i.e., amount of electolytes added by agar concentrations showed inhibitory effect on root and shoot proliferation. Although plantlet formation was achieved with ~ach agar concentration, optimal rooting and plantlet growth was observed at 0.75 % (w/v) agar level giving 6.2 ± 1.7 cm tall uniform plantlets bearing 11.5 ± 4.4 roots within 6 weeks. Plantlet formation was adversely affected upon increasing the agar concentration in the medium.
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A comparative study on performance of Mericlone- derived seed cane for % sprouting, tillers/ ha, number of millable canes/ ha, cane yield/ha, CCS% and sugar yield/ha over conventional seed cane was conducted on two sugarcane clones (Co.... more
A comparative study on performance of Mericlone- derived seed cane for % sprouting, tillers/ ha, number of millable canes/ ha, cane yield/ha, CCS% and sugar yield/ha over conventional seed cane was conducted on two sugarcane clones (Co. Se. 92423 and U.P.22) following hot water therapy (HWT), Mericlone-derived seed cane gave significantly higher % sprouting (by 7.36%), cane productivity (by 32.9%), and sugar output (by 43.0%). Hot water therapy caused significant inhibition of % sprouting (by 4.5%) but its effect on other parameters was non-significant, perhaps due to component's compensation. The two varieties significantly varied in its tillering, cane productivity and sugar output/ ton cane crushed, Seed type x HWT interaction revealed that % sprouting was significantly inhibited in mericlone-derived seed cane. Seed type x variety interaction showed that mericlone - derived seed cane was significantly superior in all parameters of which U.P. 22 was better. Variety x HWT interaction inflicted significant inhibition of % sprouting in Co.Se.92423 but improved sugar recovery in case of U.P.22.