E. de Beurs
Universiteit Leiden, Clinical psychology, Faculty Member
Research Interests: Psychology, Psychometrics, Adolescent, Medicine, Humans, and 15 moreComputer Simulation, Business and Management, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Computerized Adaptive Testing, Male, Depressive Disorder, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Archives General Psychiatry, Personality Inventory, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Oratie uitgesproken door Prof.dr. E. de Beurs bij de aanvaarding van het ambt van hoogleraar op het gebied van Routine Outcome Monitoring en Benchmarken in de Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg aan de Universiteit Leiden op vrijdag 27 november... more
Oratie uitgesproken door Prof.dr. E. de Beurs bij de aanvaarding van het ambt van hoogleraar op het gebied van Routine Outcome Monitoring en Benchmarken in de Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg aan de Universiteit Leiden op vrijdag 27 november 2015Psycholog
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BACKGROUND In Dutch mental health care there is an ongoing debate about the benefits of rom and utility of benchmarking. Opinions vary regarding the reliability and validity of performance indicators. AIM: Investigation of the reliability... more
BACKGROUND In Dutch mental health care there is an ongoing debate about the benefits of rom and utility of benchmarking. Opinions vary regarding the reliability and validity of performance indicators. AIM: Investigation of the reliability of the main indicator of Foundation Benchmark Mental Health Care (sbg), Delta-T, the indicator of treatment outcome. METHOD: The reliability was established with two indices: the intraclass correlation coefficient (icc) for the agreement between repeated assessments of average treatment outcome and the consistency in rank order of mental health care providers over time. RESULTS: The reliability of Delta-T proved to be excellent. CONCLUSION: Reliability is a basic requirement, but only the first step in establishing the utility of Delta-T. Further investigation of its validity is ongoing, especially on how robust treatment outcome is for bias due to instrumentation, selection, and confounding by casemix composition. Ultimately, the usefulness of tre...
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Bij het opleggen van de (voorwaardelijke) PIJ-maatregel (Plaatsting in een Inrichting voor Jongeren) door de rechter en de tenuitvoerlegging van de PIJ-maatregel in justitiele jeugdinstellingen, is in theorie een belangrijke rol weggelegd... more
Bij het opleggen van de (voorwaardelijke) PIJ-maatregel (Plaatsting in een Inrichting voor Jongeren) door de rechter en de tenuitvoerlegging van de PIJ-maatregel in justitiele jeugdinstellingen, is in theorie een belangrijke rol weggelegd voor de pro Justitia rapportage. Dit onderzoek beoogt meer zicht te geven op de rol van de pro Justitia rapportage in de praktijk.
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We investigated longitudinal measurement invariance in the Dutch–Flemish PROMIS adult v1.0 item banks for Depression and Anxiety using two clinical samples with mood and anxiety disorders ( n = 640 and n = 528, respectively). Factor... more
We investigated longitudinal measurement invariance in the Dutch–Flemish PROMIS adult v1.0 item banks for Depression and Anxiety using two clinical samples with mood and anxiety disorders ( n = 640 and n = 528, respectively). Factor analysis was used to evaluate whether the item banks were sufficiently unidimensional at two test-occasions and whether the measured constructs remained the same over time. The results indicated that the item banks were sufficiently unidimensional, but the thresholds and residual variances of the constructs changed over time. However, using tentative rules of thumb, these invariance violations did not substantially affect the endorsement of a specific response category of a specific item at a specific test-occasion. Furthermore, the impact on the mean latent change scores of the item banks remained below the proposed cutoff value for substantial bias. These findings suggest that the invariance violations lacked practical significance for test-users, mean...
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Approaches based on continuous indicators (the size of the pre-to-post-test change; effect size or ΔT) and on categorical indicators (Percentage Improvement and the Jacobson-Truax approach to Clinical Significance) are evaluated to... more
Approaches based on continuous indicators (the size of the pre-to-post-test change; effect size or ΔT) and on categorical indicators (Percentage Improvement and the Jacobson-Truax approach to Clinical Significance) are evaluated to determine which has the best methodological and statistical characteristics, and optimal performance, in comparing outcomes of treatment providers. Performance is compared in two datasets from providers using the Brief Symptom Inventory or the Outcome Questionnaire. Concordance of methods and their suitability to rank providers is assessed. Outcome indicators tend to converge and lead to a similar ranking of institutes within each dataset. Statistically and conceptually, continuous outcome indicators are superior to categorical outcomes as change scores have more statistical power and allow for a ranking of providers at first glance. However, the Jacobson-Truax approach can complement the change score approach as it presents outcome information in a clini...
Research Interests: Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Cognitive Science, Anxiety Disorders, Research Design, and 15 morePsychotherapy, Depression, Benchmarking, Clinical Health Psychology, Medicine, Humans, Effect size, Female, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Male, Netherlands, Mental Disorders, Concordance, Adult, and Surveys and Questionnaires
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Achtergrond Aansluitend op de toenemende belangstelling voor gedeelde besluitvorming (shared decision making; sdm) in de geestelijke gezondheidszorg (ggz), ontstaat behoefte om de toepassing ervan te evalueren. Het begrip... more
Achtergrond Aansluitend op de toenemende belangstelling voor gedeelde besluitvorming (shared decision making; sdm) in de geestelijke gezondheidszorg (ggz), ontstaat behoefte om de toepassing ervan te evalueren. Het begrip ‘beslissingsambivalentie’ (decisional conflict), dat vanuit patientperspectief de tevredenheid over het besluitvormingsproces en de genomen besluiten in kaart brengt, kan hierbij helpen. Doel Inzicht geven in decisional conflict en reflectie op de bruikbaarheid bij de evaluatie van sdm in de ggz. Methode Een literatuurstudie naar het begrip ‘decisional conflict’ gevolgd door een vertaalslag naar een visueel model. Resultaten Decisional conflict is een veelomvattend begrip dat zowel in gaat op de beinvloedende factoren (informatie, steun, helderheid over persoonlijke waarden) van het besluitvormingsproces, de mate van onzekerheid over keuzes als wel de kwaliteit van de besluitvorming. Decisional conflict is gevisualiseerd in een model en kan via de Decisional Confli...
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Research Interests: Sociology and Psychology
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... Page 13. Alfred Lnnge and Edwin de Beurs 57 ... Her father had died when she was six years old. She had suffered from panic attacks with agoraphobia since she was 19 years old. At that time there were problems at work and her partner... more
... Page 13. Alfred Lnnge and Edwin de Beurs 57 ... Her father had died when she was six years old. She had suffered from panic attacks with agoraphobia since she was 19 years old. At that time there were problems at work and her partner had just terminated their relationship. ...
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The aim of the study was to investigate patterns of comorbidity among the anxiety disorders in a community-based older population, and the relationship of these disorders with major depression, use of alcohol and benzodiazepines,... more
The aim of the study was to investigate patterns of comorbidity among the anxiety disorders in a community-based older population, and the relationship of these disorders with major depression, use of alcohol and benzodiazepines, cognitive impairment and chronic somatic illnesses. The data were derived from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) study. A two-stage screening design was adopted to identify respondents with anxiety disorders. In total, 10% of the elderly with an anxiety diagnosis suffered from two or more anxiety disorders. Major depression (13% vs. 3%), benzodiazepine use (24% vs. 11%) and chronic somatic diseases (12% vs. 7%) were significantly more prevalent in respondents with an anxiety disorder than in respondents without anxiety disorders. Heavy or excessive alcohol intake (5% vs. 4%) and cognitive impairment (11% vs. 13%) were not significantly associated with any anxiety disorder. When anxiety disorders are diagnosed, in older people there is a relatively high probability of comorbid conditions being present.
Research Interests: Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Comorbidity, Anxiety, Elderly, and 15 moreHumans, Chronic Disease, Female, Alcohol Drinking, Male, Benzodiazepines, Depressive Disorder, Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Age Factors, ANXIETY, Anxiety Disorder, Cross Sectional Studies, Cognition disorders, and Medical and Health Sciences
Research Interests: Clinical Psychology, Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Adolescent, Medicine, and 15 moreAnxiety, Humans, Affective Disorders, Female, Confirmatory factor analysis, Male, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Depressive Disorder, Integrated Approach, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, ANXIETY, Dimensional psychopathology, and Medical and Health Sciences
Dissociative style may correspond to an enhanced ability to avoid conscious recollection of traumatic experiences, which may, however, remain dormant in nonconscious memory. This hypothesis was tested in two “directed-forgetting”... more
Dissociative style may correspond to an enhanced ability to avoid conscious recollection of traumatic experiences, which may, however, remain dormant in nonconscious memory. This hypothesis was tested in two “directed-forgetting” experiments with affectively neutral words (experiment 1) and sex and threat words (experiment 2) employing students high and low in dissociative style, and dissociative patients. Conscious and nonconscious memory were
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Research Interests: Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Medicine, Clinical Practice, Personality Disorder, and 10 moreSTEM (short form), STEU (short form), Common Mental Disorders, Clinical Sciences, Second Order, Public health systems and services research, Anxiety Disorder, Hernia, Control Group, and Somatoform disorder
Research Interests: Psychology, Personality Assessment, Attention, Consulting, Agoraphobia, and 15 moreHumans, Effect size, Female, Male, Cognitive behavior therapy, Panic Disorder, Eye Movements, Low Power, Middle Aged, Panic, Adult, Randomized Controlled Trial, Control Group, Outcome measure, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
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The prognostic value of physical health for changes in anxiety symptoms in older people was investigated in a prospective longitudinal study design with data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). In a sample of 2165 older... more
The prognostic value of physical health for changes in anxiety symptoms in older people was investigated in a prospective longitudinal study design with data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). In a sample of 2165 older (> 55 yrs.) respondents anxiety symptoms were measured twice over a three year interval with the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A). Utilizing a cut-off value of 4 on the HADS-A, subjects were considered as anxious or as non-anxious. Based on the first assessment two groups were formed: subjects with and subjects without anxiety symptoms. In the non-anxious cohort the effect of physical health on the development of anxiety symptoms was studied; in the anxious cohort the same factors were evaluated on their predictive value for chronicity of anxiety. Indices of physical health included the presence of chronic diseases, functional limitations, and self-perceived health at the first assessment and changes on these v...
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BACKGROUND The increased attention for shared decision making (sdm) in mental health care creates a need to evaluate its application. The construct decisional conflict, which refers to the satisfaction of patients regarding both the... more
BACKGROUND The increased attention for shared decision making (sdm) in mental health care creates a need to evaluate its application. The construct decisional conflict, which refers to the satisfaction of patients regarding both the decision making process and the decisions made, could be of added value. AIM: Clarifying decisional conflict and reflecting on its feasibility to evaluate sdm in mental health care. METHOD: A literature study exploring the construct of decisional conflict was conducted, followed by a translation of the results into a visual model. RESULTS: Decisional conflict is a multi-dimensional construct and consists of factors influencing the decision making process (information, support, values clarity), level of uncertainty concerning the options and the quality of the decision making. Decisional conflict can be illustrated by using a model and assessed with the Decisional Conflict Scale. CONCLUSION: Decisional conflict is informative and useful in the evaluation ...
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BACKGROUND Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most treatments in mental health care are provided through video calling. AIM To poll what they think of remote care among 605 care providers of Arkin. METHOD We surveyed 605 professionals on their... more
BACKGROUND Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most treatments in mental health care are provided through video calling. AIM To poll what they think of remote care among 605 care providers of Arkin. METHOD We surveyed 605 professionals on their experiences. RESULTS Enthusiasm for remote care was found predominantly among psychologists who worked in curative care. They reported practical benefits for the patient and for the process of care provision. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists who provided care to patients with complex and/or chronic problems. They feared a deterioration in quality of care and a decline in their job satisfaction. Nurses were also critical, especially those who provided FACT and outreaching care. Their patients often lacked the resources or skills required to access digital care. CONCLUSION This assessment of remote care was likely adversely affected by the corona measures. Employees were suddenly forced to alter their usual work habits and had not been optima...
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Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Decision Making, Mental Health, Evidence Based Medicine, and 15 moreMedicine, Humans, Female, Male, Young Adult, Netherlands, Mental Disorders, Mental health services, Model Based Clinical Decision Support Systems, Clinical Sciences, Middle Aged, Adult, Patient Participation, Clinical Protocols, and Conflict Psychology
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Decision making deficits play an important role in the definition of pathological gambling (PG). However, only few empirical studies are available regarding decision making processes in PG. This study therefore compares decision making... more
Decision making deficits play an important role in the definition of pathological gambling (PG). However, only few empirical studies are available regarding decision making processes in PG. This study therefore compares decision making processes in PG and normal controls in detail using three decision making tasks examining general performance levels on these tasks as well as feedback processing using reaction time analyses. To investigate the specificity of decision making deficits in PG, a substance dependence group (alcohol dependence; AD) and an impulse control disordered group (Tourette syndrome; TS) were included. The PG group (n = 48), AD group (n = 46), TS group (n = 47), and a normal control (NC) group (n = 49) were administered (1) the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), an ecologically valid gambling task; (2) the Card Playing Task, a task measuring perseveration for reward; and (3) a Go/No-Go discrimination task, a task measuring reward and response cost sensitivity. The PG group ...
Research Interests: Decision Making, Brain and Cognitive Development, Comparative Study, Motivation, Humans, and 15 moreAlcoholism, Gambling, Female, Male, Empirical Study, Ecological Validity, Pathological Gambling, Decision making process, Alcohol dependence, Adult, Iowa Gambling Task, Impulse Control, Performance Measure, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, and Neuropsychological Tests
Background. Although anxiety is quite prevalent in late life, its impact on disability, well-being, and health care utilization of older persons has not been studied. Older persons are a highly relevant age group for studying the... more
Background. Although anxiety is quite prevalent in late life, its impact on disability, well-being, and health care utilization of older persons has not been studied. Older persons are a highly relevant age group for studying the consequences of anxiety, since their increasing numbers put an extra strain on already limited health care resources.Methods. Data of a large community-based random probability sample (N=659) of older subjects (55–85 year) in the Netherlands were used to select three groups: subjects with a diagnosed anxiety disorder, subjects with merely anxiety symptoms and a reference group without anxiety. These groups were compared with regard to their functioning, subjective well-being, and use of health care services, while controlling for potentially confounding variables.Results. Anxiety was associated with increased disability and diminished well-being. Older persons with a diagnosed anxiety disorder were equally affected in their functioning as those with merely ...
Research Interests: Psychology, Anxiety Disorders, Aging, Medicine, Anxiety, and 15 morePsychological Medicine, Humans, Health Services, Psychological, Female, Male, Netherlands, Health Status, Aged, Middle Aged, ANXIETY, Community Based Mental Health Services, Neurosciences, Disabled Persons, and Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
In this review, findings of biobehavioral research into pathological gambling (PG) are discussed, focusing on neuropsychological, psychophysiological, neuroimaging, neurochemical and genetic studies. Neuropsychological studies indicate... more
In this review, findings of biobehavioral research into pathological gambling (PG) are discussed, focusing on neuropsychological, psychophysiological, neuroimaging, neurochemical and genetic studies. Neuropsychological studies indicate deficiencies in certain executive functions. Psychophysiological studies indicate that arousal in PG is of importance when reward is present. Neuroimaging studies point to abnormalities in brain functioning. Recent research into the neurochemistry of PG indicates that abnormalities exist in different neurotransmitter systems. Finally, genetic studies indicate the existence of abnormal dopamine receptor genes in PG. Methodological and theoretical factors that may explain discrepancies between studies include differences in screening and assessment, heterogeneity of gambling problems and different underlying cognitive or motivational mechanisms. Results from the PG studies fit in with recent theoretical models of addiction and PG, which stress the involvement of brain reward pathways, neurotransmitter abnormalities, the frontal cortex and the psychophysiological stress system. A framework for future studies is suggested, indicating the need for studies that integrate knowledge from different research areas, and that employ stricter diagnostic screening methods and inclusion of clinical control groups.
Research Interests: Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurochemistry, Neurophysiology, Medicine, and 15 moreExecutive Function, Brain Mapping, Brain, Humans, Gambling, Female, Male, Frontal Cortex, Pathological Gambling, Psychological Models, Brain Function, Control Group, Pathological, Neuropsychological Tests, and Medical and Health Sciences
Research Interests: Mental Health, Aging, Medicine, Affect, Humans, and 15 moreAffective Disorders, Negative Affect, Female, Male, Common Mental Disorders, American Psychological Association, Mood Disorders, Aged, Middle Aged, Affective, Multilevel Analysis, Life Change Events, Age of Onset, LIFE EVENT, and Medical and Health Sciences
To study the prevalence and risk factors of anxiety disorders in the older (55-85) population of The Netherlands. The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) is based on a random sample of 3107 older adults, stratified for age and sex,... more
To study the prevalence and risk factors of anxiety disorders in the older (55-85) population of The Netherlands. The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) is based on a random sample of 3107 older adults, stratified for age and sex, which was drawn from the community registries of 11 municipalities in three regions in The Netherlands. Anxiety disorders were diagnosed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule in a two-stage screening design. The risk factors under study comprise vulnerability, stress and network-related variables. Both bivariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to evaluate the risk factors. The overall prevalence of anxiety disorders was estimated at 10.2%. Generalized anxiety disorder was the most common disorder (7.3%), followed by phobic disorders (3.1%). Both panic disorder (1.0%) and obsessive compulsive disorder (0.6%) were rare. These figures are roughly similar to previous findings. Ageing itself did not have any impact on the prevalence in both bivariate and multivariate analyses. The impact of other factors did not change much with age. Vulnerability factors (female sex, lower levels of education, having suffered extreme experiences during World War II and external locus of control) appeared to dominate, while stresses commonly experienced by older people (recent losses in the family and chronic physical illness) also played a part. Of the network-related variables, only a smaller size of the network was associated with anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders are common in later life. The risk factors support using a vulnerability-stress model to conceptualize anxiety disorders. Although the prevalence of risk factors changes dramatically with age, their impact is not age-dependent. The risk factors indicate which groups of older people are at a high risk for anxiety disorders and in whom active screening and treatment may be warranted.
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Research Interests: Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Psychophysiology, Decision Making, Medicine, and 15 morePrefrontal Cortex, Humans, Impulse Control Disorders, Gambling, Galvanic Skin Response, Female, Male, Heart rate, Pathological Gambling, Arousal, Adult, Iowa Gambling Task, Cognition disorders, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
ABSTRACT Agoraphobic patients tend to retrospectively report their parents as more rejecting and less warm than controls. Previous research indicates that such a negative rearing history may be associated with negative outcome in... more
ABSTRACT Agoraphobic patients tend to retrospectively report their parents as more rejecting and less warm than controls. Previous research indicates that such a negative rearing history may be associated with negative outcome in behavioural treatment. It has been suggested that the detrimental effect of an unfavourable parental rearing history on outcome of behaviour therapy is mediated by a negative view of the patients on behaviour therapists and their therapeutic style. To investigate these hypotheses, data of 76 patients were analysed who participated in a comparative outcome study of treatments for panic disorder with agoraphobia. The results using correlational analyses revealed neither an association between perceived parental rearing style and treatment outcome, nor between the patient's perception of the therapist and the outcome of treatment. Some significant, albeit small, associations were found between the way patients perceived their parental rearing style and their view towards the therapist. Perceived parental rejection and lack of parental favouring were slightly associated with a negative view of the therapist. The confidence in these findings is discussed with respect to the reliability and validity of the measurement instruments and with respect to the limitations of correlational analyses.
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Background There are inconsistent reports as to whether people with anxiety disorders have a higher mortality risk. Aims To determine whether anxiety disorders predict mortality in older men and women in the community Method Longitudinal... more
Background There are inconsistent reports as to whether people with anxiety disorders have a higher mortality risk. Aims To determine whether anxiety disorders predict mortality in older men and women in the community Method Longitudinal data were used from a large, community-based random sample (n=3107) of older men and women (55–85 years) in The Netherlands, with a follow-up period of 7.5 years. Anxiety disorders were assessed according to DSM–III criteria in a two-stage screening design. Results In men, the adjusted mortality risk was 1.78 (95% Cl 1.01–3.13) in cases with diagnosed anxiety disorders at baseline. In women, no significant association was found with mortality. Conclusions The study revealed a gender difference in the association between anxiety and mortality. For men, but not for women, an increased mortality risk was found for anxiety disorders.
Research Interests: Psychology, Anxiety Disorders, Sex, Medicine, Anxiety, and 15 moreHumans, Female, Male, Risk factors, Aged, Middle Aged, Risk Factor, Longitudinal Studies, Sex Factors, Age Factors, Risk Factors, ANXIETY, Proportional Hazards Models, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Research Interests: Psychology, Psychometrics, Juvenile Delinquency, Adolescent, Medicine, and 15 moreSocial Desirability, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Humans, Business and Management, Personality Assessment Inventory, Aggression, Construct Validity, Male, Netherlands, Conduct Disorder, Discriminant function analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Hostility, Behaviour Therapy, and Personality Inventory
We examined the reliability and validity of the Panic Appraisal Inventory (PAI) in a sample of 47 outpatients with DSM-III-R panic disorder. Results showed excellent internal consistency and treatment sensitivity. We found good convergent... more
We examined the reliability and validity of the Panic Appraisal Inventory (PAI) in a sample of 47 outpatients with DSM-III-R panic disorder. Results showed excellent internal consistency and treatment sensitivity. We found good convergent validity; divergent validity vis-a-vis depression and social adjustment was adequate. Taken together, the current results provide good initial support for the reliability and validity of the PAI, though tests of the instrument's factorial validity, stability over time, and criterion-related validity have yet to be conducted.
Research Interests: Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Psychometrics, Medicine, Anxiety, and 15 moreAgoraphobia, Humans, Business and Management, Female, Male, Panic Disorder, Psychometric Properties, Intervention Studies, Middle Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Adult, ANXIETY, Behaviour Therapy, attitude to health, and Reliability and validity
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... Titre du document / Document title. Long-term benzodiazepine use is associated with smaller treatment gain in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Auteur(s) / Author(s). ... Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords. Panic. ; Agoraphobia. ;... more
... Titre du document / Document title. Long-term benzodiazepine use is associated with smaller treatment gain in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Auteur(s) / Author(s). ... Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords. Panic. ; Agoraphobia. ; Anxiety disorder. ; Chemotherapy. ; ...
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Adolescent, Medicine, Comorbidity, Probability, and 15 moreAgoraphobia, Humans, Personality Assessment Inventory, Behavior Therapy, Panic Disorder, Benzodiazepines, Depressive Disorder, Placebos, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Combined Modality Therapy, and Personality Inventory
AimThe aim of the current study was to develop scales that assess symptoms of depression and anxiety and can adequately differentiate between depression and anxiety disorders, and also can distinguish within anxiety disorders. As point of... more
AimThe aim of the current study was to develop scales that assess symptoms of depression and anxiety and can adequately differentiate between depression and anxiety disorders, and also can distinguish within anxiety disorders. As point of departure, we used the tripartite model of Clark and Watson that discerns three dimensions: negative affect, positive affect and physiological hyperarousal.MethodsAnalyses were performed on the data of 1449 patients, who completed the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQ) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). From this, 1434 patients were assessed with a standardized diagnostic interview.ResultsA model with five dimensions was found: depressed mood, lack of positive affect, somatic arousal, phobic fear and hostility. The scales appear capable to differentiate between patients with a mood and with an anxiety disorder. Within the anxiety disorders, somatic arousal was specific for patients with panic disorder. Phobic fear was associated wit...
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Clinical practice shows that patients with complicated psychopathology are more difficult to treat than those with simple psychopathology. Comorbidity may be the complicating factor involved here. The prognostic value that comorbidity on... more
Clinical practice shows that patients with complicated psychopathology are more difficult to treat than those with simple psychopathology. Comorbidity may be the complicating factor involved here. The prognostic value that comorbidity on axis I has on treatment outcome may be relevant for establishing the treatment plan for a patient and may also be relevant for the evaluation of aggregated treatment outcomes achieved by clinicians, treatment teams or institutes.<br/> AIM: To investigate whether comorbidity on axis I can explain disappointing results and whether we should correct for comorbidity when comparing the aggregated treatment results achieved by clinicians, treatment teams or institutes.<br/> METHOD: Our observational study involved a large group of patients (n = 25,651). Outcome data for a subgroup of patients (n = 7754) were available. Comorbidity in this subgroup was established by means of a structured diagnostic interview (MINI-Plus) performed by trained re...