Phillip Wood
University of Missouri Columbia, Psychological Sciences, Faculty Member
First-grade predictors of mathematical learning disability:
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BackgroundThere is evidence that measures of alcohol consumption, dependence and abuse are valid indicators of qualitatively different subtypes of alcohol involvement yet also fall along a continuum. The present study attempts to resolve... more
BackgroundThere is evidence that measures of alcohol consumption, dependence and abuse are valid indicators of qualitatively different subtypes of alcohol involvement yet also fall along a continuum. The present study attempts to resolve the extent to which variations in alcohol involvement reflect a difference in kindversusa difference in degree.MethodData were taken from the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. The sample (51% male; 72% white/non-Hispanic) included respondents reporting past 12-month drinking at both waves (wave 1:n = 33644; wave 2:n = 25186). We compared factor mixture models (FMMs), a hybrid of common factor analysis (FA) and latent class analysis (LCA), against FA and LCA models using past 12-month alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria and five indicators of alcohol consumption reflecting frequency and heaviness of drinking.ResultsModel comparison revealed that the best-fitting model at wave 1 was a one-factor four-class FMM,...
Research Interests: Psychology, Risk Taking, Adolescent, Medicine, Psychological Medicine, and 15 moreHumans, Alcoholism, Female, Alcohol Drinking, Male, Ethanol, Alcohol Consumption, Middle Aged, Alcohol dependence, Adult, Public health systems and services research, Neurosciences, Severity of Illness Index, Alcohol use disorder, and Latent class model
Research Interests: Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Neuropsychology, Developmental Psychology, Cognition, and 15 moreCritical Thinking, Medicine, Prospective studies, Humans, Alcoholism, Female, Male, Health Status, Adult, Cognitive Ability, Prospective Study, Cognition disorders, Control Group, Neuropsychological Tests, and Alcohol use disorder
Research Interests: Abnormal Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Adolescent, Medicine, Motivation, and 15 moreImpulsivity, Humans, Impulse Control Disorders, Negative Affect, Female, College Students, Alcohol Drinking, Male, Big Five Personality Traits, Attitude, Data Collection, Adult, Medicine and Health Sciences, Growth Model, and Alcohol use disorder
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Research Interests: Abnormal Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Adolescent, Medicine, Impulsivity, and 15 moreMarriage, Humans, Neuroticism, Female, College Students, Alcohol Drinking, Male, Big Five Personality Traits, Adult, Age Factors, Alcohol Use, Growth Model, Cohort Studies, Impulsive behavior, and Alcohol use disorder
Research Interests: Abnormal Psychology, Mental Health, Adolescent, Medicine, Greece, and 15 moreImpulsivity, Humans, Female, Alcohol Drinking, Male, Big Five Personality Traits, Missouri, American Psychological Association, Abnormal, Availability, Exploratory Behavior, Impulsive behavior, cultural characteristics, High risk, and Environmental factor
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Research Interests: Personality, Conscientiousness, Human Development, Medicine, Prospective studies, and 15 moreHumans, Neuroticism, College Students, Alcohol Drinking, Male, Big Five Personality Traits, Addictive Behaviours, Agreeableness, Openness to experience, Adult, Five Factor Model, Addictive Behaviors, Prospective Study, Personality Trait, and Alcohol use disorder
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Considerable research has investigated the acute effects of alcohol on response inhibition, but a number of issues remain unresolved. Given that most studies use only a single laboratory task to assess inhibition, it is often difficult to... more
Considerable research has investigated the acute effects of alcohol on response inhibition, but a number of issues remain unresolved. Given that most studies use only a single laboratory task to assess inhibition, it is often difficult to determine whether alcohol's effects are task specific or generalize across measures of the same construct. Moreover, relatively few studies have directly compared effects of alcohol under ascending and descending blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), and those that have often failed to disentangle BAC limb effects from the effects of repeated testing. This study was intended to provide a test of alcohol's effects on behavioral inhibition using multiple laboratory measures in a relatively large sample and comparing effects under ascending and descending BAC. Young adults (N = 216) completed three commonly used inhibition tasks (Stroop, antisaccade, and stop-signal) at baseline and again 1-3 weeks later under one of three beverage conditions (...
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Researchers studying longitudinal relationships among multiple problem behaviors sometimes characterize autoregressive relationships across constructs as indicating “protective” or “launch” factors or as “developmental snares.” These... more
Researchers studying longitudinal relationships among multiple problem behaviors sometimes characterize autoregressive relationships across constructs as indicating “protective” or “launch” factors or as “developmental snares.” These terms are used to indicate that initial or intermediary states of one problem behavior subsequently inhibit or promote some other problem behavior. Such models are contrasted with models of “general deviance” over time in which all problem behaviors are viewed as indicators of a common linear trajectory. When fit of the “general deviance” model is poor and fit of one or more autoregressive models is good, this is taken as support for the inhibitory or enhancing effect of one construct on another. In this paper, we argue that researchers consider competing models of growth before comparing deviance and time-bound models. Specifically, we propose use of the free curve slope intercept (FCSI) growth model (Meredith & Tisak, 1990) as a general model to typif...
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Research Interests: Genetics, Psychology, Behavior Genetics, Medicine, Humans, and 15 moreLatent variable, Data Collection, Phenotype, Analysis of Variance, Genetic variation, Individual Difference, Growth Model, Normal Distribution, Environment, Neurosciences, population groups, Genetic factors, Local independence, Latent class model, and Environmental factor
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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is highly associated with alcohol use disorder, but little is known about how BPD individuals consume alcohol or the immediate effects of their consumption. There is therefore a need for research... more
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is highly associated with alcohol use disorder, but little is known about how BPD individuals consume alcohol or the immediate effects of their consumption. There is therefore a need for research investigating drinking behavior in BPD. The current study examined rate of alcohol consumption in BPD (N = 54) and community individuals (COM; N = 59) within ecologically valid drinking episodes. We hypothesized that rate of consumption would be elevated in BPD individuals. We further hypothesized that rate of consumption would be positively associated with subjective stimulation, but not sedation, and that stimulation would be associated with increased positive affect (PA) and reduced negative affect (NA). Ambulatory assessment was used to assess rate of consumption, subjective alcohol response, and affect in the moment (N observations = 3444). Rate of consumption was defined as change in estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) relative to drinkin...
Research Interests: Psychology, Psychopharmacology, Borderline Personality Disorder, Medicine, Comorbidity, and 12 moreHumans, Alcoholism, United States, Female, Alcohol Drinking, Male, Young Adult, Adult, Cross Sectional Studies, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Blood Alcohol Content, and Medical and Health Sciences
Ecological momentary assessment was utilized to examine affective instability (AI) in the daily lives of outpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD; N = 78), with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A psychiatric... more
Ecological momentary assessment was utilized to examine affective instability (AI) in the daily lives of outpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD; N = 78), with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A psychiatric control group ( n = 50) composed of outpatients with major depressive disorder/dysthymia (MDD/DYS) was employed to compare across subgroups: BPD-only, BPD+PTSD, MDD/DYS-only, and MDD/DYS+PTSD. Compared with the BPD-only group, the BPD+PTSD group had significantly greater instability of fear and sadness, but did not significantly differ in instability of hostility or aggregate negative affect. This pattern of elevated instability of fear and sadness was not present—and, in fact, was reversed—in the MDD/DYS group. Results emphasize the importance of examining AI within the context of specific comorbidities and affect types. Treatment and research addressing AI in the context of BPD-PTSD comorbidity may benefit from a focus on fear and sadness as separ...
Research Interests: Psychology and Medicine
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To examine 1-, 2-, and 3-factor model structures through confirmatory analytic procedures for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) criteria in... more
To examine 1-, 2-, and 3-factor model structures through confirmatory analytic procedures for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) criteria in patients with binge eating disorder (BED). Participants were consecutive outpatients (n = 263) with binge eating disorder and were assessed with semi-structured interviews. The 8 OCPD criteria were submitted to confirmatory factor analyses in Mplus Version 4.2 (Los Angeles, CA) in which previously identified factor models of OCPD were compared for fit, theoretical relevance, and parsimony. Nested models were compared for significant improvements in model fit. Evaluation of indices of fit in combination with theoretical considerations suggest a multifactorial model is a significant improvement in fit over the current DSM-IV single- factor model of OCPD. Though the data support both 2- and 3-factor models, the 3-factor model is hindered by an underspecifi...
Research Interests: Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychometrics, Personality, and 15 moreEating Disorders, Medicine, Comorbidity, Bulimia Nervosa, Canadian Psychiatry, Humans, Female, Confirmatory factor analysis, Male, Rigidity, Middle Aged, Adult, Reproducibility of Results, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Computer Graphics, Psychometrics, Bipolar Disorder, and 15 moreModeling, Medicine, Affect, Analysis, Instability, Humans, Models, Comparative Analysis, Social Environment, Analisis, Long Term, Psychological Methods, Short Term, Personality Inventory, and dysthymic disorder
Research Interests: Psychology, Psychological Assessment, Borderline Personality Disorder, Medicine, Humans, and 15 moreClinical research, Business and Management, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Male, Ecological momentary assessment, Depressive Disorder, Mood Disorders, Questionnaires, Natural Environment, Adult, Clinical Assessment, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Personality Inventory, and dysthymic disorder
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We investigated mediational relations among trauma, dissociation, psychopathology (e.g., PTSD, borderline personality disorder, bulimic behaviors), and fears about death and lacking control in a sample of 325 non-treatment-seeking women.... more
We investigated mediational relations among trauma, dissociation, psychopathology (e.g., PTSD, borderline personality disorder, bulimic behaviors), and fears about death and lacking control in a sample of 325 non-treatment-seeking women. With the use of structural equation modeling, findings indicated that: (1) dissociation accounted for 27% of variance in the trauma-psychopathology relation (significant partial mediation), and (2) general ongoing fears about death and control accounted for an additional 20% of variance in the trauma-psychopathology relation beyond what was already accounted for by dissociation (total of 47% of variance explained in the trauma-psychopathology relation; significant partial mediation). Findings are discussed, and postulations about relations are proposed.
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Cox, Clara, Worobec, and Grant (2012) recently presented results from a series of analyses aimed at identifying the factor structure underlying the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) personality diagnoses assessed in the large NESARC study. Cox et al.... more
Cox, Clara, Worobec, and Grant (2012) recently presented results from a series of analyses aimed at identifying the factor structure underlying the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) personality diagnoses assessed in the large NESARC study. Cox et al. (2012) concluded that the best fitting model was one that modeled three lower-order factors (the three clusters of PDs as outlined by DSM-IV-TR), which in turn loaded on a single PD higher-order factor. Our reanalyses of the NESARC Wave 1 and Wave 2 data for personality disorder diagnoses revealed that the best fitting model was that of a general PD factor that spans each of the ten DSM-IV PD diagnoses, and our reanalyses do not support the three-cluster hierarchical structure outlined by Cox et al. (2012) and DSM-IV-TR. Finally, we note the importance of modeling the Wave 2 assessment method factor in analyses of NESARC PD data.
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Research Interests: Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Cognitive Science, Anxiety Disorders, Personality Disorders, and 15 moreBorderline Personality Disorder, Comorbidity, Humans, United States, Female, Male, Young Adult, Risk factors, Mood Disorders, Prevalence, Adult, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Research Interests: Psychology, Abnormal Psychology, Borderline Personality Disorder, Medicine, Affect, and 15 moreHumans, Clinical research, Negative Affect, Female, Male, Ecological momentary assessment, Depressive Disorder, Differential Diagnosis, Social Environment, Mood Disorders, Abnormal, Natural Environment, Adult, Longitudinal data, and Psychological Models
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Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that heavy alcohol use and alcohol dependence (AD) tend to increase in adolescence and emerging adulthood and then show a large decline in the late 20s, a phenomenon called maturing... more
Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that heavy alcohol use and alcohol dependence (AD) tend to increase in adolescence and emerging adulthood and then show a large decline in the late 20s, a phenomenon called maturing out. This decline has been explained as an effect of "role incompatibility" in which involvement in new roles and activities interferes with a heavy drinking lifestyle. However, maturing out has been conceived mostly as a decrease in offset, with little attention paid to reductions in new onset or recurrence across decades of life. Moreover, although role incompatibility processes have been studied with young samples, little is known about the effect of life transitions (e.g., marriage, parenthood, changes in employment status) on AD later in life and whether similar effects are observed. Using longitudinal data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative epidemiologic survey, we examined the patterns of stability and change in AD across the life span and the differential effect of life transitions on AD across different age strata. Results showed that persistence of AD tended to increase with age, although not dramatically, and that onset and recurrence tended to decrease with age. Moreover, the effects of life transitions on the course of AD varied across the life span and were different for men and women. These results indicate that life transitions differentially affect the patterns of stability and change in younger versus older people, have a different impact for men and women, and highlight the need to consider the unique aspects of each stage of adult development on the course of AD.
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Research Interests: Psychology, Abnormal Psychology, Personality Disorders, Borderline Personality Disorder, Adolescent, and 15 moreComorbidity, Humans, Face to Face, Female, Personality Disorder, Male, Substance Dependence, Aged, Prevalence, Middle Aged, Abnormal, Adult, Alcohol Use, Hierarchical Structure, and Factor model
Research Interests: Abnormal Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Borderline Personality Disorder, Emotions, Affect, and 15 moreHumans, Negative Affect, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Alcohol Drinking, Ecological momentary assessment, Depressive Disorder, Middle Aged, Abnormal, Positive Affect, Outpatients, Adult, Alcohol Use, Control Group, and dysthymic disorder
... The Justification of Beliefs in Young Adults: A Longitudinal Study PM King a , KS Kitchener b , ML Davison c , CA Parker d , PK Wood e a Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio; b University of Denver, Denver, Colo.; c... more
... The Justification of Beliefs in Young Adults: A Longitudinal Study PM King a , KS Kitchener b , ML Davison c , CA Parker d , PK Wood e a Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio; b University of Denver, Denver, Colo.; c University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn ...
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Objectives. Our aim was to determine if the decrease in drug use disorders with age is attributable to changes in persistence, as implied by the notion of maturing out. Also, we examined the association between role transitions and... more
Objectives. Our aim was to determine if the decrease in drug use disorders with age is attributable to changes in persistence, as implied by the notion of maturing out. Also, we examined the association between role transitions and persistence, recurrence, and new onset of drug use disorders. Methods. We performed secondary analysis of the 2 waves of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions data (baseline assessment 2001–2002, follow-up conducted 2004–2005). We conducted logistic regressions and multinomial logistic regression to determine the effect of age on wave 2 diagnosis status, as well as the interaction between age and role transitions. Results. Rates of persistence were stable over the life span, whereas rates of new onset and recurrence decreased with age. Changes in parenthood, marital, and employment status were associated with persistence, new onset, and recurrence. We found an interaction between marital status and age. Conclusions. Our findi...