- Northumbria University, Computing and Information Science, Faculty MemberNorthumbria University, School of Mathematics and Information Sciences, Faculty MemberUniversity of Glasgow, School of Culture and Creative Arts, Alumnusadd
- Cultural Heritage, Digital Cultural Heritage, Museums, Digital Libraries, Digital Preservation, Digital Arts, and 27 moreNew Media Art, Museology, Information Systems, Library and Information Science, Information Technology, Digital Curation, New Media, History of Art, Material Culture Studies, Education, History, Sociology, Anthropology, Digital Media, Museum Studies, Information Science, Cultural Heritage Management, Creativity, Creative Industries, Multiculturalism, Cultural Studies, Cultural Industries, Heritage Studies, Cultural Policy, Citizenship and Identity, Food History, and History of Cooking and Food Cultureedit
- Senior Lecturer in Information Science, University of Strathclyde from October 2019 https://www.strath.ac.uk/research... moreSenior Lecturer in Information Science, University of Strathclyde from October 2019 https://www.strath.ac.uk/research/subjects/computerinformationscience/strathclydeischoolresearchgroup/ ; Research Associate at University of Glasgow: http://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/cca/staff/perlainnocenti/Linkedin profile: http://uk.linkedin.com/in/pinnocentiedit
Panel session organised by Nadia Caidi (University of Toronto) and Perla Innocenti (University of Northumbria) for the ISIC 2018 Conference. Other speakers include: Suzanne Van der Beek, Jannica Heinstrom, David Kirk. Religious and... more
Panel session organised by Nadia Caidi (University of Toronto) and Perla Innocenti (University of Northumbria) for the ISIC 2018 Conference. Other speakers include: Suzanne Van der Beek, Jannica Heinstrom, David Kirk.
Religious and secular pilgrimages have been part of human history since the beginning of time and remain very much alive today, whether it is the Holy Land, the Hajj, Lhasa, Kumbh Mela, Char Dham, or else the Camino de Santiago, Kumano Kodo, Glastonbury Tor, Elvis’s Graceland, national parks or war memorials. Pilgrimage has been an object of study across disciplines, in art, architecture, and heritage (Avril et al 2015; Paul Davies 2013), history
(Elsner 2005; Janin 2002), literature (Edwards 2005), social anthropology (Badone and Roseman 2004), religious studies and tourism (Ross-Bryant 2017; Norman and Cusack 2015; Coleman and Elsner 2002; Llyod 1998) among others. Yet, pilgrimage as a context for research in Information Studies has been surprisingly overlooked (exceptions include Bati, 2015; Caidi et al., 2018, along with some foundational work on spirituality by Kari (2007) or Gaston et al. (2015)). This panel fills the gap by offering an information perspective to the
study of pilgrimage, shedding a light on approaches and concepts from our field that can enrich our understanding of the complexities of the pilgrim’s journey through the lens of information and media practices, embodied experiences, memory work, curation practices, community-building, information mediation and sharing, and virtuality and pilgrimage in a global and digital world.
Religious and secular pilgrimages have been part of human history since the beginning of time and remain very much alive today, whether it is the Holy Land, the Hajj, Lhasa, Kumbh Mela, Char Dham, or else the Camino de Santiago, Kumano Kodo, Glastonbury Tor, Elvis’s Graceland, national parks or war memorials. Pilgrimage has been an object of study across disciplines, in art, architecture, and heritage (Avril et al 2015; Paul Davies 2013), history
(Elsner 2005; Janin 2002), literature (Edwards 2005), social anthropology (Badone and Roseman 2004), religious studies and tourism (Ross-Bryant 2017; Norman and Cusack 2015; Coleman and Elsner 2002; Llyod 1998) among others. Yet, pilgrimage as a context for research in Information Studies has been surprisingly overlooked (exceptions include Bati, 2015; Caidi et al., 2018, along with some foundational work on spirituality by Kari (2007) or Gaston et al. (2015)). This panel fills the gap by offering an information perspective to the
study of pilgrimage, shedding a light on approaches and concepts from our field that can enrich our understanding of the complexities of the pilgrim’s journey through the lens of information and media practices, embodied experiences, memory work, curation practices, community-building, information mediation and sharing, and virtuality and pilgrimage in a global and digital world.
Research Interests:
This booklet provides an overview of the interdisciplinary pilot project ‘A Taste of Home’, which investigates the dynamic relationships between food heritages, cultural identity and diasporic experiences among migrants, refugees and... more
This booklet provides an overview of the interdisciplinary pilot project ‘A Taste of Home’, which investigates the dynamic relationships between food heritages, cultural identity and diasporic experiences among migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in Newcastle. The project is led by Perla Innocenti at the iSchool at University of Northumbria in collaboration with the Discovery Museum - Tyne and Wear Archives and Museums (TWAM) and Seven Stories– The National Centre for Children’s Books. 'A Taste of Home' is funded by the National Co-ordinating Centre for Public Engagement and Arts Council England. Two participatory action research events including a convivial lunch conversation and a cooking demonstration have been organised in October and November 2017 at the Discovery Museum, Seven Stories and The Comfrey Project. In each event project partners and research participants engaged with a museum visit, conversations and hands on activities around food heritage. Some notes, drawings and pictures from both events have been included in the booklet.
Research Interests:
Deadline for applications: 18 March 2016 https://www.findaphd.com/search/ProjectDetails.aspx?PJID=72964&LID=2712 This interdisciplinary project will explore how local cultural institutions (museums, libraries, and archives) can better... more
Deadline for applications: 18 March 2016
https://www.findaphd.com/search/ProjectDetails.aspx?PJID=72964&LID=2712
This interdisciplinary project will explore how local cultural institutions (museums, libraries, and archives) can better prepare themselves to embed and manage migrants' cultural heritage in the digital age.
https://www.findaphd.com/search/ProjectDetails.aspx?PJID=72964&LID=2712
This interdisciplinary project will explore how local cultural institutions (museums, libraries, and archives) can better prepare themselves to embed and manage migrants' cultural heritage in the digital age.
Research Interests: Cultural Studies, Information Science, Library Science, Cultural Policy, Cultural Heritage, and 11 moreLibrary and Information Science, Migration Studies, European identity, Sociology of Migration, Transnational migration, Contemporary International Migration, Information Seeking Behaviour, Digital Heritage, Cultural Heritage Management, Social Inclusion, and Intangible Cultural Heritage (Culture)
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Published by Routledge https://www.routledge.com/products/9781472448132 Sample chapter included here formerly available in the Ashgate website This book is a study of the role of cultural and heritage networks and how they can help... more
Published by Routledge https://www.routledge.com/products/9781472448132
Sample chapter included here formerly available in the Ashgate website
This book is a study of the role of cultural and heritage networks and how they can help institutions and their host societies manage the tensions and realise the opportunities arising from migration.
In looking at past and emerging challenges of social inclusion and cultural dialogue, hybrid models of cultural identity, citizenship and national belonging, the study also sets out to answer the questions 'how'. How can cultural institutions leverage the power of cross-border networks in a contested place such as Europe today? How could they elaborate approaches and strategies based on cultural practices? How can the actions of the European Commission and relevant cultural bodies be strengthened, adapted or extended to meet these goals?
Cultural Networks in Migrating Heritage will be of interest to scholars and students in museum and cultural heritage studies, visual arts, sociology of organisations and information studies. It will also be relevant to practitioners and policymakers from museums, libraries, NGOs and cultural institutions at large.
Sample chapter included here formerly available in the Ashgate website
This book is a study of the role of cultural and heritage networks and how they can help institutions and their host societies manage the tensions and realise the opportunities arising from migration.
In looking at past and emerging challenges of social inclusion and cultural dialogue, hybrid models of cultural identity, citizenship and national belonging, the study also sets out to answer the questions 'how'. How can cultural institutions leverage the power of cross-border networks in a contested place such as Europe today? How could they elaborate approaches and strategies based on cultural practices? How can the actions of the European Commission and relevant cultural bodies be strengthened, adapted or extended to meet these goals?
Cultural Networks in Migrating Heritage will be of interest to scholars and students in museum and cultural heritage studies, visual arts, sociology of organisations and information studies. It will also be relevant to practitioners and policymakers from museums, libraries, NGOs and cultural institutions at large.
Research Interests:
This book is a study of the role of cultural and heritage networks and how they can help institutions and their host societies manage the tensions and realise the opportunities arising from migration. In looking at past and emerging... more
This book is a study of the role of cultural and heritage networks and how they can help institutions and their host societies manage the tensions and realise the opportunities arising from migration.
In looking at past and emerging challenges of social inclusion and cultural dialogue, hybrid models of cultural identity, citizenship and national belonging, the study also sets out to answer the questions 'how'. How can cultural institutions leverage the power of cross-border networks in a contested place such as Europe today? How could they elaborate approaches and strategies based on cultural practices? How can the actions of the European Commission and relevant cultural bodies be strengthened, adapted or extended to meet these goals?
Cultural Networks in Migrating Heritage will be of interest to scholars and students in museum and cultural heritage studies, visual arts, sociology of organisations and information studies. It will also be relevant to practitioners and policymakers from museums, libraries, NGOs and cultural institutions at large.
In looking at past and emerging challenges of social inclusion and cultural dialogue, hybrid models of cultural identity, citizenship and national belonging, the study also sets out to answer the questions 'how'. How can cultural institutions leverage the power of cross-border networks in a contested place such as Europe today? How could they elaborate approaches and strategies based on cultural practices? How can the actions of the European Commission and relevant cultural bodies be strengthened, adapted or extended to meet these goals?
Cultural Networks in Migrating Heritage will be of interest to scholars and students in museum and cultural heritage studies, visual arts, sociology of organisations and information studies. It will also be relevant to practitioners and policymakers from museums, libraries, NGOs and cultural institutions at large.
Research Interests: European Studies, Library Science, Cultural Policy, European integration, Museum Studies, and 8 moreCultural Heritage, Digital Culture, Sociology of Organizations, Migration Studies, Transnational migration, Cultural Heritage Management, Digital Cultural Heritage, and Library and Information Studies
Bringing together an international forum of experts, this book looks at how museums, libraries and further public cultural institutions respond to the effects of globalisation, mobility and migration across Europe. It puts forward... more
Bringing together an international forum of experts, this book looks at how museums, libraries and further public cultural institutions respond to the effects of globalisation, mobility and migration across Europe.
It puts forward examples of innovative practice and policies that reflect these challenges, looking at issues such as how cultural institutions present themselves to and interact with multicultural audiences, how to support networking across European institutions, and share practice in core activities such as archiving interpreting and exhibiting artefacts. Academics, practitioners from museums and public institutions and policymakers explore theoretical and practical approaches from a range of different disciplines such as museum and cultural heritage studies, cultural memory studies, social anthropology, sociology of organizations, cultural heritage management and cultural heritage informatics.
It puts forward examples of innovative practice and policies that reflect these challenges, looking at issues such as how cultural institutions present themselves to and interact with multicultural audiences, how to support networking across European institutions, and share practice in core activities such as archiving interpreting and exhibiting artefacts. Academics, practitioners from museums and public institutions and policymakers explore theoretical and practical approaches from a range of different disciplines such as museum and cultural heritage studies, cultural memory studies, social anthropology, sociology of organizations, cultural heritage management and cultural heritage informatics.
Research Interests: European Studies, Library Science, Cultural Policy, European integration, Museum Studies, and 8 moreCultural Heritage, Digital Culture, Library and Information Science, Sociology of Organizations, Migration Studies, Transnational migration, Cultural Heritage Management, and Digital Cultural Heritage
The Preservation of Complex Objects Volume 2 Software Art 2012
Research Interests: Art History, Digital Humanities, Information Management, Cross-Cultural Collaborations, Digital Preservation, and 7 moreDigital preservation (Cultural Heritage), Digital Heritage, Computer Art and Technocultures, Digital Cultural Heritage, Computer Art, Library and Archival Science, and Computers and Art History
... by and interviews with: Joan Abellá, Agnès Arquez Roth, Janine Burger, Mela Dávila, Sergio Dogliani, Hélène du Mazaubrun, Annette Friberg, Fabienne Galangau, Michel Guiraud, Els Jacobs, Jean Patrick Le Duc, Pompeo Martelli, Perla... more
... by and interviews with: Joan Abellá, Agnès Arquez Roth, Janine Burger, Mela Dávila, Sergio Dogliani, Hélène du Mazaubrun, Annette Friberg, Fabienne Galangau, Michel Guiraud, Els Jacobs, Jean Patrick Le Duc, Pompeo Martelli, Perla Innocenti, Laurence Isnard, Ellen ...
... Status: Published. Glasgow Author(s): Innocenti, Ms Perla. Authors: Innocenti, P., and Paolo , C. ... ID Code: 52783. Unique ID: glaseprints:2004-52783. Depositing User: Ms Perla Innocenti. Deposited On: 15 Jun 2011 14:39. Last... more
... Status: Published. Glasgow Author(s): Innocenti, Ms Perla. Authors: Innocenti, P., and Paolo , C. ... ID Code: 52783. Unique ID: glaseprints:2004-52783. Depositing User: Ms Perla Innocenti. Deposited On: 15 Jun 2011 14:39. Last Modified: 21 Jun 2011 10:20. ...
This volumes illustrates the origin and construction of the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana (Laurentian Library) in Florence and shows its innovative concept and design within the history of Medieval and Renaissance libraries. Main focus... more
This volumes illustrates the origin and construction of the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana (Laurentian Library) in Florence and shows its innovative concept and design within the history of Medieval and Renaissance libraries. Main focus are the drawings of the library desks designed by Michelangelo for the Laurentian Library. Essay by Perla Innocenti with contributions from Cristina Danti and Paolo Padova. Photographs by Andrea Jemolo.
Limited edition of 999 items. ISBN 9788888714035.
Limited edition of 999 items. ISBN 9788888714035.
Research Interests:
This paper discusses the use of an information mapping board game for collaboratively identifying information practices of a small group of asylum seekers and refugees in the North East of England, UK. Accepted for publication in the... more
This paper discusses the use of an information mapping board game for collaboratively identifying information practices of a small group of asylum seekers and refugees in the North East of England, UK.
Accepted for publication in the Information Research journal.
Accepted for publication in the Information Research journal.
Research Interests:
The outcome of the 2016 European Union membership referendum is re-shaping the United Kingdom’s relationship with the EU through shifting geopolitical positioning(s) and the (re)introduction of barriers and boundaries and also challenging... more
The outcome of the 2016 European Union membership referendum is re-shaping the United Kingdom’s relationship with the EU through shifting geopolitical positioning(s) and the (re)introduction of barriers and boundaries and also challenging British and EU citizens to revise their everyday sense of belonging. Brexit incorporates emergent and contested political projects of belonging, determining anew who belongs in a post-EU Britain. This paper discusses research directions focusing on the construction of political and everyday senses of belonging implied by public debates on Brexit, and critically examines the shifts in attitude towards received citizenship and different degrees of social exclusion.
Accepted for publication in Space & Polity
Accepted for publication in Space & Polity
Research Interests:
This study brings together and critically reflects on the social, policy and technological contexts within which cultural heritage institutions are addressing current challenges of social inclusion in Europe. It explores the role of... more
This study brings together and critically reflects on the social, policy and technological contexts
within which cultural heritage institutions are addressing current challenges of social inclusion in
Europe. It explores the role of cultural networks in helping institutions and their host societies to
manage the tensions and realise the opportunities arising from migration. The concept of ‘migrating
heritage’ is proposed to tackle this complex interdisciplinary research area.
within which cultural heritage institutions are addressing current challenges of social inclusion in
Europe. It explores the role of cultural networks in helping institutions and their host societies to
manage the tensions and realise the opportunities arising from migration. The concept of ‘migrating
heritage’ is proposed to tackle this complex interdisciplinary research area.
Research Interests:
... Akselbo, JL, Arnfred, L., Barfort, S., Bay, G., Christensen, TB, Hansen, JH, Jensen, HT, Markussen, GB, Morthorst, AM and ... Copyright © 2008 Kellie Snow, Bart Ballaux, Birte Christensen-Dalsgaard, Hans Hofman, Jens Hofman Hansen,... more
... Akselbo, JL, Arnfred, L., Barfort, S., Bay, G., Christensen, TB, Hansen, JH, Jensen, HT, Markussen, GB, Morthorst, AM and ... Copyright © 2008 Kellie Snow, Bart Ballaux, Birte Christensen-Dalsgaard, Hans Hofman, Jens Hofman Hansen, Perla Innocenti, Michael Poltorak Nielsen ...
Research Interests:
... Akselbo, JL, Arnfred, L., Barfort, S., Bay, G., Christensen, TB, Hansen, JH, Jensen, HT, Markussen, GB, Morthorst, AM and ... Copyright © 2008 Kellie Snow, Bart Ballaux, Birte Christensen-Dalsgaard, Hans Hofman, Jens Hofman Hansen,... more
... Akselbo, JL, Arnfred, L., Barfort, S., Bay, G., Christensen, TB, Hansen, JH, Jensen, HT, Markussen, GB, Morthorst, AM and ... Copyright © 2008 Kellie Snow, Bart Ballaux, Birte Christensen-Dalsgaard, Hans Hofman, Jens Hofman Hansen, Perla Innocenti, Michael Poltorak Nielsen ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
... Status: Published. Refereed: Yes. Glasgow Author(s): Innocenti, Ms Perla. Authors: Innocenti, P. College/School: College of Arts > School of Culture and Creative Arts > History of Art. University Staff: Request a correction |... more
... Status: Published. Refereed: Yes. Glasgow Author(s): Innocenti, Ms Perla. Authors: Innocenti, P. College/School: College of Arts > School of Culture and Creative Arts > History of Art. University Staff: Request a correction | Enlighten Editors: Update this record. ...
Published in Acta Museologica Lithuanica 2015, N.2, special issue on difficult heritage , edited by Rimvydas Laužikas (http://www.journals.vu.lt/acta-museologica-lithuanica/issue/view/818) This article published introduces a wider study... more
Published in Acta Museologica Lithuanica 2015, N.2, special issue on difficult heritage , edited by Rimvydas Laužikas (http://www.journals.vu.lt/acta-museologica-lithuanica/issue/view/818)
This article published introduces a wider study of the role of cultural and heritage networks and how they can help institutions and their host societies to manage the tensions and realise the opportunities arising from migration. it also addresses the shifts and continuities, tensions and crisis that characterise the european project and its cultural dimension today. A reflection on cultural heritage networks in an age of migration is followed by a description of the overall research focus and interdisciplinary methodology. An overview of three case studies selected from a larger pool is provided in the article, which is concluded by a coda on cultural networks and policy implications.
This article published introduces a wider study of the role of cultural and heritage networks and how they can help institutions and their host societies to manage the tensions and realise the opportunities arising from migration. it also addresses the shifts and continuities, tensions and crisis that characterise the european project and its cultural dimension today. A reflection on cultural heritage networks in an age of migration is followed by a description of the overall research focus and interdisciplinary methodology. An overview of three case studies selected from a larger pool is provided in the article, which is concluded by a coda on cultural networks and policy implications.
Research Interests:
... Item Type: Book Section. Keywords: Digital art, preservation, conservation, museums. Status: In Press. Glasgow Author(s): Innocenti, Ms Perla. Authors: Innocenti, P. Subjects: A General Works > AM Museums (General). Collectors and... more
... Item Type: Book Section. Keywords: Digital art, preservation, conservation, museums. Status: In Press. Glasgow Author(s): Innocenti, Ms Perla. Authors: Innocenti, P. Subjects: A General Works > AM Museums (General). Collectors and collecting (General). ...
This booklet is abstracted and abridged from “The Digital Technology and Methodology Cookbook”, D3.4 DL.org Project Deliverable, April 2011
Research Interests:
... order) for their contribution to this research: Kevin Ashley, Genevieve Clavel-Merrin, Antonella De Robbio, John Faundeen, Nicola Ferro, Sarah Higgins, Wolfram ... either to the extension of data, ie, to data values, or to their... more
... order) for their contribution to this research: Kevin Ashley, Genevieve Clavel-Merrin, Antonella De Robbio, John Faundeen, Nicola Ferro, Sarah Higgins, Wolfram ... either to the extension of data, ie, to data values, or to their intension, ie, to their schema (Barone, Cabitza, & Grega ...
Research Interests:
In this article we present the methodology and initial results from qualitative research into the usage and communication of digital information. It considers the motivation for the research and the methodologies adopted, including... more
In this article we present the methodology and initial results from qualitative research into the usage and communication of digital information. It considers the motivation for the research and the methodologies adopted, including Contextual Design and Cultural Probes. The article describes the preliminary studies conducted to test the approach, highlighting the strengths and limitations of the techniques applied. Finally, it outlines proposals for refinement in subsequent iterations and the future research activities planned. The research is carried out as part of the Planets (Preservation and Longterm Access through NETworked Services) project.
Research Interests:
Abstract There are practical problems associated with documentation, preservation, access, function, context and meaning of digital art. How do we care for similar works, and which are the theoretical and methodological challenges for... more
Abstract There are practical problems associated with documentation, preservation, access, function, context and meaning of digital art. How do we care for similar works, and which are the theoretical and methodological challenges for curating and preserving digital art? ...
Research Interests:
... College/School: College of Arts > School of Culture and Creative Arts > History of Art. Copyright Holders: Perla Innocenti; IS&T. Related URLs: Organisation. ... Unique ID: glaseprints:2010-45745. Depositing User: Ms Perla... more
... College/School: College of Arts > School of Culture and Creative Arts > History of Art. Copyright Holders: Perla Innocenti; IS&T. Related URLs: Organisation. ... Unique ID: glaseprints:2010-45745. Depositing User: Ms Perla Innocenti. Deposited On: 24 Nov 2010 22:55. ...
In order to legitimise decentralisation to smaller scale repository environments, it is essential that the community has appropriate mechanisms available to support repository assessment, and determine the competencies of those charged... more
In order to legitimise decentralisation to smaller scale repository environments, it is essential that the community has appropriate mechanisms available to support repository assessment, and determine the competencies of those charged with information ...
Research Interests:
... Tweet. Deposit and Record Details. - Deposit and Record Details. + Deposit and Record Details. ID Code: 52808. Unique ID: glaseprints:2008-52808. Depositing User: Ms Perla Innocenti. Deposited On: 15 Jun 2011 12:45. Last Modified: 02... more
... Tweet. Deposit and Record Details. - Deposit and Record Details. + Deposit and Record Details. ID Code: 52808. Unique ID: glaseprints:2008-52808. Depositing User: Ms Perla Innocenti. Deposited On: 15 Jun 2011 12:45. Last Modified: 02 Apr 2012 12:30. ...
AxMEDiS 2008 Assessing long term preservation of audiovisual digital contents with DRAMBORA Perla Innocenti [1], Andrew McHugh [2], Seamus Ross [3], Raivo Ruusalepp [4] [1, 2, 3] Humanities Advanced Technology and Information Institute... more
AxMEDiS 2008 Assessing long term preservation of audiovisual digital contents with DRAMBORA Perla Innocenti [1], Andrew McHugh [2], Seamus Ross [3], Raivo Ruusalepp [4] [1, 2, 3] Humanities Advanced Technology and Information Institute (HATII) at the University of Glasgow [4] ...
Research Interests:
Abstract The meeting closed the first step of analysis and research of a newborn project for the formation of a method of archiving and return of a knowledge system for design, starting from the research and teaching material created... more
Abstract The meeting closed the first step of analysis and research of a newborn project for the formation of a method of archiving and return of a knowledge system for design, starting from the research and teaching material created during the time and today lying as a kind ...
Research Interests:
... Keywords: Industrial design, information systems, knowledgebases,; university teaching. Status: Published. Glasgow Author(s): Innocenti, Ms Perla. Authors: Innocenti, P. ... Unique ID: glaseprints:2001-52814. Depositing User: Ms Perla... more
... Keywords: Industrial design, information systems, knowledgebases,; university teaching. Status: Published. Glasgow Author(s): Innocenti, Ms Perla. Authors: Innocenti, P. ... Unique ID: glaseprints:2001-52814. Depositing User: Ms Perla Innocenti. Deposited On: 16 Jun 2011 12: ...
... Status: Published. Glasgow Author(s): Innocenti, Ms Perla. Authors: Giustozzi, N., and Innocenti, P. Subjects: A General Works > AM Museums (General). ... ID Code: 52828. Unique ID: glaseprints:2001-52828. Depositing User: Ms Perla... more
... Status: Published. Glasgow Author(s): Innocenti, Ms Perla. Authors: Giustozzi, N., and Innocenti, P. Subjects: A General Works > AM Museums (General). ... ID Code: 52828. Unique ID: glaseprints:2001-52828. Depositing User: Ms Perla Innocenti. Deposited On: 16 Jun 2011 12: ...