Adam Wyner
Swansea University, Computer Science, Faculty Member
This position paper describes our ongoing research into developing a Web-based tool for visualizing the arguments in public-policy debates. In our research, we are investigating how such a tool can be used to support the... more
This position paper describes our ongoing research into developing a Web-based tool for visualizing the arguments in public-policy debates. In our research, we are investigating how such a tool can be used to support the policyconsultation process of both governmental and non-governmental agencies as they operate increasingly in a political environment that demands greater openness, accountability, and public participation in governance. This paper briefly outlines a new policy-consultation workflow making use of our tool and discusses certain constraints regarding the underlying data model of the tool with respect to its use in this workflow.
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It is well recognised that it is difficult to make the semantic content of legal texts machine readable. We propose a systematic methodology to begin to render a sample legal text into LegalRuleML, which is a proposed markup for legal... more
It is well recognised that it is difficult to make the semantic content of legal texts machine readable. We propose a systematic methodology to begin to render a sample legal text into LegalRuleML, which is a proposed markup for legal rules. We propose three levels - coarse, medium, and fine-grained analyses - each of which is compatible with LegalRuleML and which facilitate development from text to formal LegalRuleML. This paper provides guidelines for a coarse-grained analysis, highlighting some of the challenges to address even at this level.
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The paper investigates the extent of the support semi-automatic analysis can provide for the specific task of assigning Hohfeldian relations of Duty, using the General Architecture for Text Engineering tool for the automated extraction of... more
The paper investigates the extent of the support semi-automatic analysis can provide for the specific task of assigning Hohfeldian relations of Duty, using the General Architecture for Text Engineering tool for the automated extraction of Duty instances and the bearers of associated roles. The outcome of the analysis supports scholars in identifying Hohfeldian structures in legal text when performing close reading of the texts. A cyclic workflow involving automated annotation and expert feedback will incrementally increase the quality and coverage of the automatic extraction process, and increasingly reduce the amount of manual work required of the scholar.
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Rules in regulations such as found in the US Federal Code of Regulations can be expressed using conditional and deontic rules. Identifying and extracting such rules from the language of the source material would be useful for automating... more
Rules in regulations such as found in the US Federal Code of Regulations can be expressed using conditional and deontic rules. Identifying and extracting such rules from the language of the source material would be useful for automating rulebook management and translating into an executable logic. The paper presents a linguistically-oriented, rule-based approach, which is in contrast to a machine learning approach. It outlines use cases, discusses the source materials, reviews the methodology, then provides initial results and future steps.
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International audienc
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It is well recognised that it is difficult to make the semantic content of legal texts machine readable. We propose a systematic methodology to begin to render a sample legal text into LegalRuleML, which is a proposed markup for legal... more
It is well recognised that it is difficult to make the semantic content of legal texts machine readable. We propose a systematic methodology to begin to render a sample legal text into LegalRuleML, which is a proposed markup for legal rules. We propose three levels - coarse, medium, and fine-grained analyses - each of which is compatible with LegalRuleML and which facilitate development from text to formal LegalRuleML. This paper provides guidelines for a coarse-grained analysis, highlighting some of the challenges to address even at this level.
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an open, standards-based platform which allows public administrations to develop and deploy comprehensive legal knowledge management solutions without becoming dependent on proprietary products of particular vendors. The main technical... more
an open, standards-based platform which allows public administrations to develop and deploy comprehensive legal knowledge management solutions without becoming dependent on proprietary products of particular vendors. The main technical achievement of the project is the Legal Knowledge Interchange Format (LKIF), which represents legal information in a form which builds upon emerging XML-based standards of the Semantic Web. The Estrella User Report provides an overview of the objectives and outcomes of the Estrella Project in order to promote adoption of the platform by organisations which would benefit from the capabilities of the project’s deliverables. In the first and second chapters, we introduce the report, then provide an overview of the document and briefly discuss the background context of the Estrella Project. The purposes of the project are outlined in chapter three. In chapter four, we justify the design choices in LKIF, including discussions about ontologies, the Semantic...
In previous work we presented argumentation schemes to capture the CATO and value based theory construction approaches to reasoning with legal cases with factors. We formalised the schemes with ASPIC+, a formal representation of... more
In previous work we presented argumentation schemes to capture the CATO and value based theory construction approaches to reasoning with legal cases with factors. We formalised the schemes with ASPIC+, a formal representation of instantiated argumentation. In ASPIC+ the premises of a scheme may either be a factor provided in a knowledge base or established using a further argumentation scheme. Thus far we have taken the factors associated with cases to be given in the knowledge base. While this is adequate for expressing factor based reasoning, we can further investigate the justifications for the relationship between factors and facts or evidence. In this paper we examine how dimensions as used in the HYPO system can provide grounds on which to argue about which factors should apply to a case. By making this element of the reasoning explicit and subject to argument, we advance our overall account of reasoning with legal cases and make it more robust.
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The paper addresses the extraction, formalisation, and presentation of public policy arguments. Arguments are extracted from documents that comment on public policy proposals. Formalising the information from the arguments en- ables the... more
The paper addresses the extraction, formalisation, and presentation of public policy arguments. Arguments are extracted from documents that comment on public policy proposals. Formalising the information from the arguments en- ables the construction of models and systematic analysis of the arguments. In addi- tion, the arguments are represented in a form suitable for presentation in an online consultation tool. Thus, the forms in the consultation correlate with the formalisa- tion and can be evaluated accordingly. The stages of the process are outlined with reference to a working example.
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Lead contractor deliverable: University of Liverpool Participating contractors: Alma Mater Studiorum Universita di Bologna (IT), University of Liverpool (UK), Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur foerderung der angewandten forschung e.v. (DE),... more
Lead contractor deliverable: University of Liverpool Participating contractors: Alma Mater Studiorum Universita di Bologna (IT), University of Liverpool (UK), Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur foerderung der angewandten forschung e.v. (DE), RuleWise b.v. (NL), RuleBurst (EUROPE) Ltd. (UK), knowledgeTools International GmbH (DE), Interaction Design Ltd. (UK), SOGEI Societa Generale d'Informatica S.P.A. (IT), Ministro per le Riforme e le Innivazioni nella Publica Amministrazione (IT), Hungarian Tax and Financial Control Administration (HU), Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem (HU), Ministero dell'Economia e delle Finanze (IT), Consorzio Pisa Ricerche SCARL (IT)