Hilary Orange
Swansea University, College of Arts and Humanities, Faculty Member
- Swansea University, History and Classics, Faculty Memberadd
- Archaeology, Archaeological Method & Theory, Historical Archaeology, Public Archaeology, Cultural Landscapes, Heritage Studies, and 28 moreIndustrial Archaeology, Archaeology of the Contemporary Past, Cornish Studies, Sense of Place, Ethnography (Research Methodology), Industrial Heritage, Archaeology of Mining, Community Archaeology, Archaeological Education, Cultural World Heritage Sites, Archaeological Theory, Contemporary Archaeology, Archaeology of Place, Environmental Humanities, History of Archaeology, Pollution, Anthropocene, Urban Ruins, The Sublime, Visual Culture, Japan, Japanese Culture, Modern and Contemporary Japan, Anthropology of Japan, Japanese Ethnography, Illumination of space, Darkness, and Factory Tourismedit
- I conduct research on bottom-up heritage-making practices in two main areas. First, the ways that individuals and gro... moreI conduct research on bottom-up heritage-making practices in two main areas. First, the ways that individuals and groups make sense of deindustrialisation through heritage-making practices at a grass-roots level and, secondly, the way in which music fans memorialise rock and pop musicians in urban settings.
Chair, Contemporary and Historical Archaeology in Theory group (CHAT);
Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London;
Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow, Ruhr-Universität Bochum 2016-18;
PhD, UCL Institute of Archaeology.edit
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Reanimating Industrial Spaces explores the relationships between people and the places of former industry through approaches that incorporate and critique memory-work. The chapters in this volume consider four broad questions: What is the... more
Reanimating Industrial Spaces explores the relationships between people and the places of former industry through approaches that incorporate and critique memory-work. The chapters in this volume consider four broad questions: What is the relationship between industrial heritage and memory? How is memory involved in the process of place-making in regards to industrial spaces? What are the strengths and pitfalls of conducting memory-work? What can be learnt from cross-disciplinary perspectives and methods? The contributors have created a set of diverse case studies (including iron-smelting in Uganda, Puerto Rican sugar mills and concrete factories in Albania) which examine differing socio-economic contexts and approaches to industrial spaces both in the past and in contemporary society. A range of memory-work is also illustrated: from ethnography, oral history, digital technologies, excavation, and archival and documentary research.
Preview available via Google Books
http://bit.ly/1CWTspy
Preview available via Google Books
http://bit.ly/1CWTspy
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This, the seventh volume in the series, brings together papers from the sixth CHAT Conference (2008), held at UCL on the theme of ‘Heritage’. Contents: Introduction: The Good, the Bad and the Unbuilt: Handling the Heritage of the Recent... more
This, the seventh volume in the series, brings together papers from the sixth CHAT Conference (2008), held at UCL on the theme of ‘Heritage’. Contents: Introduction: The Good, the Bad and the Unbuilt: Handling the Heritage of the Recent Past (Sarah May, Hilary Orange and Sefryn Penrose); 1) Null and Void: the Palace of the Republic, Berlin (Caroline A. Sandes); 2) The Heritage of a Metaphor: Archaeological Investigations of the Iron Curtain (Anna McWilliams); 3) Titanic Quarter: Creating a New Heritage Place (Mary-Cate Garden); 4) The Aquatic Ape and the Rectangular Pit: Perceiving the Archaeology and Value of a Recreational Landscape (Jeremy Lake); 5) Attitudes to London’s Heritage: Interpreting the Signs (David Gordon); 6) Where the Streets Have no Name: a Guided Tour of Pop Heritage Sites in London’s West End (Paul Graves-Brown); 7) Contemporary Places and Change: Lincoln Townscape Assessment (David Walsh and Adam Partington); 8) Revolutionary Archaeology or the Archaeology of Revolution? Landlord Villages of the Tehran Plain (Hassan Fazeli and Ruth Young); 9) Justifying Midcentury Trash: Consumer Culture of the Recent Past and The Heritage Dilemma (Jessica Merizan); 10) Motorways, Modern Heritage and the British Landscape (Peter Merriman); 11) Liberating Material Heritage (Elizabeth Pye); 12) Unbuilt Heritage: Conceptualising Absences in the Historic Environment (Gabriel Moshenska).
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This article reflects on humor in the industrial workplace through the case study of the Dry (the miners’ changing rooms and managers’ offices) at Geevor Tin Mine in Cornwall. Here, the space and assemblages of personal and work-related... more
This article reflects on humor in the industrial workplace through the case study of the Dry (the miners’ changing rooms and managers’ offices) at Geevor Tin Mine in Cornwall. Here, the space and assemblages of personal and work-related objects are presented as a time-capsule which takes visitors back to the last shift in 1986. Interviews with former miners established that the Dry once formed the social and administrative heart of the mine. Miners, who are now guides at Geevor, spoke of the camaraderie, banter, and laughter that they experienced in the Dry. Taking an archeological approach to the space and objects, humor has left scant material traces with the possible exceptions of a fake Cornish pasty, graffiti, and a “girlie” calendar. The intangibility of humor—often spoken, fleeting, up-close, and personal (you had to be there . . .) results in challenges to exploring, interpreting, and presenting the comedic vein. Humor in the past can be uninterpretable and objectionable, for instance, if it draws distinctions along lines of gender, race, and class. Despite such challenges, I argue that humor is a valuable counter-motif to the demonic, romantic, and heroic tropes that often repeat within narratives and representations of the industrial past, in Cornwall and elsewhere.
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The development of industrial archaeology over the last 50 years can be traced through articles published in PMA. The early stages of recording the standing remains of industrial activity were augmented by detailed studies of groups of... more
The development of industrial archaeology over the last 50 years can be traced through articles published in PMA. The early stages of recording the standing remains of industrial activity were augmented by detailed studies of groups of structures which revealed the organization of the manufacturing process. From the late 1980s, developer-funded excavations became important following extensive remediation work on brownfield sites. Greater attention was paid to the social context of past industrial activity including workers’ housing and institutional buildings, and this has continued with studies of oral history. New challenges considered include studies of modern technologies, de-industrialization and the digital revolution.
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During the 2012–2013 academic year Archaeology South-East (ASE), the contracts division of the UCL Centre for Applied Archaeology, hosted UCL Advances Knowledge Exchange Associate Hilary Orange to manage a project which examined the... more
During the 2012–2013 academic year Archaeology South-East (ASE), the contracts division of the UCL Centre for Applied Archaeology, hosted UCL Advances Knowledge Exchange Associate Hilary Orange to manage a project which examined the challenges which commercial archaeologists face in incorporating public engagement (PE) within projects.
The aim of the project was to maximise the potential public benefits of the work the company undertakes in relation to wider communities (both local and international). Project objectives included the evaluation of operating systems, identification of potential partnerships, the development of new social media platforms and PE skills training. In order to place the knowledge transfer elements of the project within a wider context research on PE within the broader industry was conducted, including an online survey of PE within commercial archaeology in the UK.
The aim of the project was to maximise the potential public benefits of the work the company undertakes in relation to wider communities (both local and international). Project objectives included the evaluation of operating systems, identification of potential partnerships, the development of new social media platforms and PE skills training. In order to place the knowledge transfer elements of the project within a wider context research on PE within the broader industry was conducted, including an online survey of PE within commercial archaeology in the UK.
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The last quarter century has seen challenges to the notion of who can practice and who can access archaeology. This notion depends on how archaeology itself is defined: whether it is a profession, an academic subject or a type of... more
The last quarter century has seen challenges to the notion of who can practice and who can access archaeology. This notion depends on how archaeology itself is defined: whether it is a profession, an academic subject or a type of edutainment. This short paper reflects on a number of political and social trends, including the changing role of archaeology and its impact on education providers in Cornwall, including the Cornwall Archaeological Society (CAS), through the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. A period which started with the decline of the 'expert' amateur, has largely been characterised by increasing professionalisation and has ended with a return towards community-centred provision but with diverse interests and approaches.
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'Welcome to Tintagel, the birthplace of King Arthur' is a phrase often repeated at this small village on the north coast of Cornwall where legend, childhood stories and merchandise all serve to attract thousands of visitors per year. As... more
'Welcome to Tintagel, the birthplace of King Arthur' is a phrase often repeated at this small village on the north coast of Cornwall where legend, childhood stories and merchandise all serve to attract thousands of visitors per year. As 'a place to go', the area provides stunning coastal scenery, a romantic ruined castle and a highly commercialised village. Tintagel Island, owned by the Duchy of Cornwall but managed by English Heritage, plays centre stage as the 'birthplace' in question. On-site, the character of Arthur is largely debunked as a literary phenomenon and, furthermore, a survey of day-trippers revealed that visitors were left in an interpretive limbo — arriving with ideas of Arthur and leaving knowing little about Tintagel.
Whilst the aesthetics of the castle and scenery go some way towards mitigating against disappointment, on site encounters with kitsch representations of the past combine with more amorphous senses of pseudo-spiritual atmospheres as well as experiences of walking, eating and drinking to ultimately provide a 'grand day out'. The marketing ephemera and heritage presentation all serve to create, reinforce and suppress different identities of place which are revealed as being a fairly cohesive package of Celtic-Arthuriana. This paper questions the ways in which visitors' expectation and imagination are mediated through experience of place.
Whilst the aesthetics of the castle and scenery go some way towards mitigating against disappointment, on site encounters with kitsch representations of the past combine with more amorphous senses of pseudo-spiritual atmospheres as well as experiences of walking, eating and drinking to ultimately provide a 'grand day out'. The marketing ephemera and heritage presentation all serve to create, reinforce and suppress different identities of place which are revealed as being a fairly cohesive package of Celtic-Arthuriana. This paper questions the ways in which visitors' expectation and imagination are mediated through experience of place.
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Fifty years ago, the idea that the remains of Cornwall's tin and copper mining industries would one day be considered as significant as the Taj Mahal or the Pyramids would likely have led to a mixture of confusion, derision and laughter.... more
Fifty years ago, the idea that the remains of Cornwall's tin and copper mining industries would one day be considered as significant as the Taj Mahal or the Pyramids would likely have led to a mixture of confusion, derision and laughter. Nevertheless, as Nick Johnson has pointed out, archaeologists are positioned at the 'end of a moving staircase' (2006) and hence in time 'have to accept concrete buildings just as much as we accept brick buildings'. Indeed, the intervening years have led, not just to the World Heritage Site (WHS), but also to the iconisation of the Cornish engine house as a symbol of Cornish identity. This short paper considers changing perceptions of Cornish mining remains over the last 50 years and ends, by looking forward to the next 50 years, and with a forecast for the (industrial) archaeology of the future.
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This paper presents a review of industrial archaeology literature and offers some initial thoughts on how this literature relates to my research on public perception and experience of Cornish mining landscapes. A brief summary of the... more
This paper presents a review of industrial archaeology literature and offers some initial thoughts on how this literature relates to my research on public perception and experience of Cornish mining landscapes. A brief summary of the development of industrial archaeology is given, which reflects on its amateur origins, its 'identity crisis' and its slow integration into university archaeology departments. The reasons for the transformation of industrial sites into industrial heritage is then examined and temporal models of change presented which relate to both an acceleration of the past into the commodity heritage as well as an affective progression from disdain to acceptance. The public's attitude to industrial archaeology is then discussed — which raises complex questions over the nature of such sites including, the importance of time and aesthetics as well as the phenomenological nature of perception and experience.
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[First para] Michel de Certeau once wrote that: ‘Stories about places are makeshift things. They are composed with the world’s debris’ (1984: 107). Places are also in themselves ‘makeshift things’, being formed of material... more
[First para] Michel de Certeau once wrote that: ‘Stories about places are makeshift things. They are composed with the world’s debris’ (1984: 107). Places are also in themselves ‘makeshift things’, being formed of material provisionalities that have been mixed into cuts, builds, layers and jumbles, forming new connections and separations. In this chapter, I focus on the surfaces of postindustrial land in Cornwall, a southwestern region of the British Isles that was once important for tin and copper mining. Here, as elsewhere, surfaces have formed through the actions of geological, taphonomic and climatic forces, as well as through gravity and the actions of human and other species.
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Commercial archaeology in the UK involves the contracting of professional archaeological services primarily to the construction industry. Since 1990, the sector has operated within the framework of an evolving UK government planning... more
Commercial archaeology in the UK involves the contracting of professional archaeological services primarily to the construction industry. Since 1990, the sector has operated within the framework of an evolving UK government planning policy that has adhered to broad principles of sustainable development set out in EU directives and international conventions. The relationship between the commercial sector and planning is predicated on the notion that archaeology serves the public interest by providing key benefits. The sector supports the construction industry in discharging its regulatory duties as it responds to public demand for new housing and infrastructure (Aitchison 2012), and mitigates the impact of development by conserving and interpreting a record of the heritage asset and advancing understanding of its significance (DCLG 2010, 2012). This chapter presents an overview of commercial archaeology in the UK and outlines the relationship between the sector and the public realm. Alongside some general concepts, a brief history of commercial archaeology is presented before common factors that encourage and impede engagement and outreach services are outlined. Two case studies illustrate recent practice in this area.
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This paper draws on my experience of teaching archaeology within further and adult education in Cornwall between 2000 and 2005. At the time of writing (2006), an increasing gap was opening up in the provision of part-time adult learning... more
This paper draws on my experience of teaching archaeology within further and adult education in Cornwall between 2000 and 2005. At the time of writing (2006), an increasing gap was opening up in the provision of part-time adult learning within formal education. This paper reviews the status of archaeology education in the UK including the decline of traditional liberal education and the reallocation of funding towards accreditation and vocationalism.
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The Cornish Mining World Heritage Sites provides an interesting case study through which to examine local residents understanding of the term 'a sense of place'. The de-industrialisation of Cornwall's tin and copper mining industry and... more
The Cornish Mining World Heritage Sites provides an interesting case study through which to examine local residents understanding of the term 'a sense of place'. The de-industrialisation of Cornwall's tin and copper mining industry and the subsequent transition to an economy largely dependent on tourism has inevitably brought many changes - from noise to quiet, from an emphasis on the subterranean world to the surface one, and from physical exertion to a visual consideration of industrial ruins within a 'natural' setting. These changing senses of place have occurred within recent history, and therefore, in part within living memory.
During ethnographic research in Cornwall in 2008 and 2009 local residents within the WHS were asked what, if anything, the term 'a sense of place' meant to them. The aims were to gain a better understanding of public definitions of the term, to test the relationship between definition and demographic variables and to consider the appropriateness of the term as applied within archaeology and heritage management.
Preview available http://bit.ly/16es9dy
During ethnographic research in Cornwall in 2008 and 2009 local residents within the WHS were asked what, if anything, the term 'a sense of place' meant to them. The aims were to gain a better understanding of public definitions of the term, to test the relationship between definition and demographic variables and to consider the appropriateness of the term as applied within archaeology and heritage management.
Preview available http://bit.ly/16es9dy
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This report was produced following an online survey in 2013 of UK development-led archaeologists. The survey was one element within a wider project on public engagement in development-led archaeology carried out by Hilary Orange in... more
This report was produced following an online survey in 2013 of UK development-led archaeologists. The survey was one element within a wider project on public engagement in development-led archaeology carried out by Hilary Orange in 2012-13 and its aim was to gather data on the challenges that these archaeologists face in carrying out public engagement activities. The development-led sector is important to discussions on public archaeology due to its scale of work. In 2011, Fulford estimated that around 90 percent of all archaeological investigations in the UK were carried out by development-led archaeologists (2011, 33).
The data presented in this report draws on the responses of 181 individuals. It provides insights into attitudes to public engagement and how it is practiced in development-led archaeology.
The data presented in this report draws on the responses of 181 individuals. It provides insights into attitudes to public engagement and how it is practiced in development-led archaeology.
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This report presents the results of the Whitehawk Camp Community Archaeology Project carried out by the Whitehawk Camp Partnership between April 2014 and July 2015. The work was generously funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund. This... more
This report presents the results of the Whitehawk Camp Community Archaeology Project carried out by the Whitehawk Camp Partnership between April 2014 and July 2015. The work was generously funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund. This report details the background to the project, the methodology by which it was undertaken, the results of the archaeological fieldwork, the reassessment of the archive material, the potential and significance of the archaeological results, presents a new research agenda for the site and outlines the scope of potential future projects. This report does not detail all the project outcomes and the reader is directed to Appendix 5: An Evaluation Report to the Heritage Lottery Fund on the Outcomes of the Whitehawk Camp Community Archaeology Project (Orange et al 2015) for a summary of the main results of the Project including how successful it was in engaging with target audiences, what changes to heritage, community and people the project has brought about, project legacy and future work.
The 2014-5 excavations, targeted on anomalies identified in the preceding geophysical survey (ASE 2014b), encountered a small number of features and a large unstratified finds assemblage associated with allotment gardens, the dumping of refuse and activity probably related to Brighton Racecourse dating to the 19th- 21st centuries. A small assemblage of unstratified late medieval and early post-medieval pottery may relate to limited agricultural activity on the site during these periods. A small assemblage of highly abraded unstratified prehistoric flintwork was also recovered, although no features of a prehistoric date were encountered.
The reassessment of the existing archive has allowed us to better quantify what remains from the original excavations and re-examine it to modern standards. This has provided a new 'baseline' for future research at the site and on the archive and allowed the creation of a research agenda to direct future potential projects. The report is written and structured so as to conform to the standards required of post-excavation analysis work as set out in Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MoRPHE), Project Planning Notes 3 (PPN3): Archaeological Excavation (English Heritage 2008). Interim analysis of the stratigraphic, finds and environmental material has indicated a provisional chronology, and assessed the potential of the site archive to address the original research agenda, as well as assessing the significance of those findings. The research agenda and potential future project sections provide a guideline for future work but as further funding beyond the scope of this report is yet to be secured a detailed breakdown for further analysis work has not been produced at this time.
The 2014-5 excavations, targeted on anomalies identified in the preceding geophysical survey (ASE 2014b), encountered a small number of features and a large unstratified finds assemblage associated with allotment gardens, the dumping of refuse and activity probably related to Brighton Racecourse dating to the 19th- 21st centuries. A small assemblage of unstratified late medieval and early post-medieval pottery may relate to limited agricultural activity on the site during these periods. A small assemblage of highly abraded unstratified prehistoric flintwork was also recovered, although no features of a prehistoric date were encountered.
The reassessment of the existing archive has allowed us to better quantify what remains from the original excavations and re-examine it to modern standards. This has provided a new 'baseline' for future research at the site and on the archive and allowed the creation of a research agenda to direct future potential projects. The report is written and structured so as to conform to the standards required of post-excavation analysis work as set out in Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MoRPHE), Project Planning Notes 3 (PPN3): Archaeological Excavation (English Heritage 2008). Interim analysis of the stratigraphic, finds and environmental material has indicated a provisional chronology, and assessed the potential of the site archive to address the original research agenda, as well as assessing the significance of those findings. The research agenda and potential future project sections provide a guideline for future work but as further funding beyond the scope of this report is yet to be secured a detailed breakdown for further analysis work has not been produced at this time.
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In March 2013 two community consultation workshops were held in the City of Brighton and Hove. The workshops formed part of the preparation for an application to the Heritage Lottery Fund’s (HLF) Landscape Partnership Fund. The... more
In March 2013 two community consultation workshops were held in the City of Brighton and Hove. The workshops formed part of the preparation for an application to the Heritage Lottery Fund’s (HLF) Landscape Partnership Fund. The application was for a 4 year Public Engagement project focusing on the natural and cultural heritage of Brighton and Hove’s peri-urban landscape (including the sea and coastal fringe).
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In 2014, the Whitehawk Camp partnership, formed of the Centre for Applied Archaeology (University College London, UCL), Brighton & Hove City Council’s Royal Pavilion & Museums (BHCC / RPM) and Brighton and Hove Archaeological Society... more
In 2014, the Whitehawk Camp partnership, formed of the Centre for Applied Archaeology (University College London, UCL), Brighton & Hove City Council’s Royal Pavilion & Museums (BHCC / RPM) and Brighton and Hove Archaeological Society (BHAS) was awarded £99,300 under the Heritage Lottery Fund's (HLF) ‘Our Heritage’ scheme to run a community archaeology project in Brighton.
The ‘Whitehawk Camp Community Archaeology Project’ focused on the Whitehawk Camp monument and the collection of objects excavated from the site by archaeologists in the 1920-30s. The Camp, is a 5.500 year old Neolithic causewayed enclosure located in East Brighton on Whitehawk Hill . The Hill is an important landmark and provides an ancient chalk grassland habitat for rare and threatened species of flora and insects. The collection (held by RPM) includes human bone, stone tools, pottery and large numbers of animal bones.
The Project worked with local audiences (targeting East Brighton residents) to carry out a variety of site, archive and community based activities including a community excavation, an archival programme to bring the collection up to modern standards, site improvement works, and a schools, community and events outreach programme. The project ran from April 2014-March 2015.
This report summarises the main results of the Project including how successful the project has been in engaging with target audiences, what changes to heritage, community and people the project has brought about, project legacy and future work.
The ‘Whitehawk Camp Community Archaeology Project’ focused on the Whitehawk Camp monument and the collection of objects excavated from the site by archaeologists in the 1920-30s. The Camp, is a 5.500 year old Neolithic causewayed enclosure located in East Brighton on Whitehawk Hill . The Hill is an important landmark and provides an ancient chalk grassland habitat for rare and threatened species of flora and insects. The collection (held by RPM) includes human bone, stone tools, pottery and large numbers of animal bones.
The Project worked with local audiences (targeting East Brighton residents) to carry out a variety of site, archive and community based activities including a community excavation, an archival programme to bring the collection up to modern standards, site improvement works, and a schools, community and events outreach programme. The project ran from April 2014-March 2015.
This report summarises the main results of the Project including how successful the project has been in engaging with target audiences, what changes to heritage, community and people the project has brought about, project legacy and future work.
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"This thesis considers local residents’ perceptions of Cornish mining landscapes, with a particular focus on tin and copper mining. The aim of the thesis is to better understand the changing economic, political and cultural values which... more
"This thesis considers local residents’ perceptions of Cornish mining landscapes, with a particular focus on tin and copper mining. The aim of the thesis is to better understand the changing economic, political and cultural values which Cornish mining sites and features have embodied during the post-war period (from 1950 to 2010). This research has focused on the familiar and the everyday including industrial remains of the later 20th century. The three case studies examined, Botallack, St Agnes, and Minions, are part of the Cornish Mining World Heritage Site (designated in 2006).
This research has been strongly informed by social archaeology of industry and contemporary archaeology, and a number of complementary ethnographic and statistical techniques have been utilised, supplemented by archival research and visual data methods. The themes which have been examined include: site descriptions; paths and networks; significant features; metaphors of industry; time and change; contention in the landscape; and World Heritage Site status.
This research has concluded that public perceptions of Cornish mining landscapes are strongly informed by romanticism whilst the use of demonic, heroic and romantic tropes is another key theme. Since mine shafts were closed for health and safety reasons perception is now focused on the surface of mines and the subsurface world is largely out-of-sight and out of mind. Changes in the landscape are often defined around concepts of the ‘local’, the ‘incomer’ and the ‘outsider’; the latter largely standing for external authority. Statistical analysis has shown that longevity of residence is a significant factor in shaping perception, whilst qualitative data has demonstrated different ways in which incomers become ‘local’. There are many different connections to Cornish mining landscapes and these relict industrial sites are not dead or derelict spaces."
This research has been strongly informed by social archaeology of industry and contemporary archaeology, and a number of complementary ethnographic and statistical techniques have been utilised, supplemented by archival research and visual data methods. The themes which have been examined include: site descriptions; paths and networks; significant features; metaphors of industry; time and change; contention in the landscape; and World Heritage Site status.
This research has concluded that public perceptions of Cornish mining landscapes are strongly informed by romanticism whilst the use of demonic, heroic and romantic tropes is another key theme. Since mine shafts were closed for health and safety reasons perception is now focused on the surface of mines and the subsurface world is largely out-of-sight and out of mind. Changes in the landscape are often defined around concepts of the ‘local’, the ‘incomer’ and the ‘outsider’; the latter largely standing for external authority. Statistical analysis has shown that longevity of residence is a significant factor in shaping perception, whilst qualitative data has demonstrated different ways in which incomers become ‘local’. There are many different connections to Cornish mining landscapes and these relict industrial sites are not dead or derelict spaces."