- My research addresses two questions: How we might best think about the overall architecture of the human mind? and Ho... moreMy research addresses two questions: How we might best think about the overall architecture of the human mind? and How can we put any resulting understandings to good use in real life. The mental architecture I work with is Interacting Cognitive Subsystems.edit
Interface designers are increasingly relying on craft based approaches tocompensate for a perceived lack of relevant theory. One such source is cinematography, where film-makers succeed in helping viewers follow the narrative across cuts... more
Interface designers are increasingly relying on craft based approaches tocompensate for a perceived lack of relevant theory. One such source is cinematography, where film-makers succeed in helping viewers follow the narrative across cuts whichchange the information on the screen. Cinematography has evolved over the last century, and its rules of thumb cannot be applied directly to interface design. We analysefilm-makers' techniques with a cognitive theory (ICS) and show that they work bypreserving thematic continuity across cuts. ...
In this paper, vulnerability is considered in terms of our ability to synchronise in time with others, and how the consequences of being unable to do so leads to isolation and a range of social, emotional, and psychological issues. We... more
In this paper, vulnerability is considered in terms of our ability to synchronise in time with others, and how the consequences of being unable to do so leads to isolation and a range of social, emotional, and psychological issues. We describe a project to develop a shared musical instrument to facilitate the process of joint interaction and the emergence of moments of synchronising in time with others. The design involves a multidisciplinary and multi-practice team that includes music therapists, artists, performance artists, musicians, music psychologists, music technologists, software and hardware sound engineers.
Interface designers are increasingly relying on craft based approaches to compensate for a perceived lack of relevant theory. One such source is cinematography, where film-makers succeed in helping viewers follow the narrative across cuts... more
Interface designers are increasingly relying on craft based approaches to compensate for a perceived lack of relevant theory. One such source is cinematography, where film-makers succeed in helping viewers follow the narrative across cuts which change the information on the screen. Cinematography has evolved over the last century, and its rules of thumb cannot be applied directly to interface design. We analyse film-makers' techniques with a cognitive theory (ICS) and show that they work by preserving thematic continuity across cuts. Expressing this theoretically allows us to extrapolate away from film, applying it to screen changes in interface design.
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Requirements that involve the usability of systems can be properties of interactions rather than systems alone. We demonstrate this proposition by means of four examples and then suggest how a notation like CSP may be used to provide a... more
Requirements that involve the usability of systems can be properties of interactions rather than systems alone. We demonstrate this proposition by means of four examples and then suggest how a notation like CSP may be used to provide a framework for considering different modelling approaches. Interaction requirements that relate to multi-windowed systems, walk up and use systems and dynamic systems such as power stations are considered. The paper shows how models provide different representations into which advice from the different disciplines of human computer interaction may be applied. 1 Introduction An important class of requirements relating to the specification and implementation of computer systems is concerned with usability. Within the general category of usability is contained more specific concerns such as ease of use, ease of learning, error visibility, error tolerance and error resistance. In order to interpret usability requirements some level of understanding of huma...
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A scenario is an idealised but detailed description of a specific instance of human-computer interaction (HCI). A set of scenarios can be used as a "filter bank " to weed out theories whose scope is too narrow for them to apply... more
A scenario is an idealised but detailed description of a specific instance of human-computer interaction (HCI). A set of scenarios can be used as a "filter bank " to weed out theories whose scope is too narrow for them to apply to many real HCI situations. By helping redress the balance between generality and accuracy in theories derived from cognitive psychology, this use of scenarios (i) allows the researcher to build on empirical findings already established while avoiding the tar-pits associated with the experimental methodology, (2) enables the researcher to consider a range of phenomena in a single study, thereby directly addressing the question of the scope of the theory, and (3) ensures that the resulting theory will be applicable in HCI contexts.
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Abstract 1. making use of a framework for understanding different research paradigms in HCI [human-computer interaction], this chapter will discuss how theory-based research might usefully evolve to enhance its prospects for both adequacy... more
Abstract 1. making use of a framework for understanding different research paradigms in HCI [human-computer interaction], this chapter will discuss how theory-based research might usefully evolve to enhance its prospects for both adequacy and impact general ...
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There are now many different approaches to the computational modelling of cognition, e.g. symbolic models (Kieras & Meyer, 1997; Newell, 1990), cognitive connectionist models (McLeod, Plunkett, & Rolls, 1998) and neurophysiologically... more
There are now many different approaches to the computational modelling of cognition, e.g. symbolic models (Kieras & Meyer, 1997; Newell, 1990), cognitive connectionist models (McLeod, Plunkett, & Rolls, 1998) and neurophysiologically prescribed connectionist models (O'Reilly & Munakata, 2000). The relative value of
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Depression and dysphoric mood states are often accompanied by quantitative or qualitative shifts in performance across a range of retention tasks. This study focuses on the recollection of both autobiographical events and word lists in... more
Depression and dysphoric mood states are often accompanied by quantitative or qualitative shifts in performance across a range of retention tasks. This study focuses on the recollection of both autobiographical events and word lists in dysphoric states. Recollection occurs when people are aware of some contextual detail allied to the encoding experience. This study establishes the presence of a recollection deficit in dysphoria in two distinct paradigms. In both autobiographical recall and in recognition memory, recollection in a dysphoric group was at lower levels than recollection in matched controls. The study examines the hypothesis that the extent of recollection is influenced by two factors: (1) the degree of differentiation of schematic mental models; and (2) the executive mode that predominates when memory tasks are carried out, with the latter assumed to be altered by rumination. The relationship between responses based on recollection and alternative mnemonic responses could be predicted by measures of these two factors. The results are discussed in terms of the Interacting Cognitive Subsystems model (Teasdale & Barnard, 1993) and the perspective it offers on the relationship between meaning systems and executive functions (Barnard, 1999).
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ABSTRACT Depression adversely affects explicit memory when implicit memory remains intact unless implicit retrieval requires conceptual processes. The impairment of conceptual implicit memory could be the consequence of the completion of... more
ABSTRACT Depression adversely affects explicit memory when implicit memory remains intact unless implicit retrieval requires conceptual processes. The impairment of conceptual implicit memory could be the consequence of the completion of implicit memory tests being contaminated by a voluntary retrieval strategy, hence similar results to those in explicit tests are observed. In this study we adopted a method sensitive to the presence of contamination. Depth-of-study-processing effects were observed for the controls completing the explicit version of a word-association task but were absent for the controls completing the implicit version when compound associates were retrieved. This dissociation indicated the adoption of the designated retrieval strategy in each test with the conceptual implicit memory test being uncontaminated. Subclinically depressed participants showed impairment in the explicit version, while for those completing the implicit version there was evidence that they used a voluntary retrieval strategy. The theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
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... TONY SIMO N ... These particular ones are being used in ou r research group to help assess the scope and adequacy of our own theoretical approaches to modelling (Barnard , 1987 ; Payne & Green, 1986 ;... more
... TONY SIMO N ... These particular ones are being used in ou r research group to help assess the scope and adequacy of our own theoretical approaches to modelling (Barnard , 1987 ; Payne & Green, 1986 ; Young, Green & Simon , 1989) as well as our understanding of ...
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ABSTRACT—Several paradigms,show,that responses to one event compromise,responses,to a second,event for around,500 ms. Such effects are generally,attributed to attentional,capacity limitations associated,with processing,information,in the... more
ABSTRACT—Several paradigms,show,that responses to one event compromise,responses,to a second,event for around,500 ms. Such effects are generally,attributed to attentional,capacity limitations associated,with processing,information,in the first event. In a task in which,targets could be distinguished,only by their meaning, we varied the semantic relationship between distractors and,targets following,at different lags. Semantic relatedness alone produced,a classic attentional blink. We con- clude by discussing how,attention,theory,might,best accom-
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ABSTRACT Two studies investigated the effects of anxiety on the time course of attention to threatening material. A rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm required report of words belonging to a prespecified semantic category... more
ABSTRACT Two studies investigated the effects of anxiety on the time course of attention to threatening material. A rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm required report of words belonging to a prespecified semantic category with a distractor placed at varying positions preceding the target. Where there was little resemblance in meaning between distractors and targets, threat distractors briefly captured the attention of high state anxious individuals but only after a delay. Where distractors resembled the meaning of the targets, attention was captured more immediately, but processing of threat-related material was concentrated at different points in time as a function of both the degree of semantic resemblance between distractors and target, and state anxiety. The extent to which distractors are salient to the experimental task influences attentional capture and the temporal course of processing. The methodological implications of these results are discussed together with a new hypothesis about the effects of state anxiety on attention.
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In this paper we illustrate the potential of process algebra to imple-ment modular mental architectures of wide scope in which control is distributed rather than centralised. Drawing on the Interacting Cogni-tive Subsystems (ICS) mental... more
In this paper we illustrate the potential of process algebra to imple-ment modular mental architectures of wide scope in which control is distributed rather than centralised. Drawing on the Interacting Cogni-tive Subsystems (ICS) mental architecture, we present an implemented model of the attentional blink effect. The model relies on process ex-changes between propositional meaning and a more abstract, implica-tional level of meaning, at which affect is represented and experienced. We also discuss how the proposed mechanism of buffer movement can, in the context of the ICS architecture, be extended to account for effects of emotional stimuli and brain damage.
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... The benefits of production system architec-tures such as SOAR have also been extensively ... This may seem strange when modelling an experiment that concerns assessing whether or ... ents arrive from multiple sources and this... more
... The benefits of production system architec-tures such as SOAR have also been extensively ... This may seem strange when modelling an experiment that concerns assessing whether or ... ents arrive from multiple sources and this mechanism allows for multimodal integration into ...
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Research Interests: Cognitive Psychology, Human Computer Interaction, Depression, Cognition, Attention, and 15 moreConsciousness, Language, Autobiographical Memory, Encoding, Capacity, H, M, E, C, L, G, J, A, Central Executive, and Linguistic
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Google, Inc. (search). SIGN IN SIGN UP. Iconic interfacing: The role of icon distinctiveness and fixed or variable screen locations. Authors: Alison JK Green, Philip J. Barnard, Published in: · Proceeding. INTERACT '90 Proceedings ...
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Research Interests: Human Computer Interaction, Educational Technology, Mathematics Education, ICT in Education, Interface Design, and 15 moreComputer Security, Inclusive Education, HCI, Information Overload, Asynchronous Communication, Conceptual Model, eInclusion, Software Agent, Eye Gaze, Ease of Use, Software Tool, Service Provider, E Commerce, Low Resolution, and Information System
In this paper, vulnerability is considered in terms of our ability to synchronise in time with others, and how the consequences of being unable to do so leads to isolation and a range of social, emotional, and psychological issues. We... more
In this paper, vulnerability is considered in terms of our ability to synchronise in time with others, and how the consequences of being unable to do so leads to isolation and a range of social, emotional, and psychological issues. We describe a project to develop a shared musical instrument to facilitate the process of joint interaction and the emergence of moments of synchronising in time with others. The design involves a multidisciplinary and multi-practice team that includes music therapists, artists, performance artists, musicians, music psychologists, music technologists, software and hardware sound engineers.